tools/bpf/bpftool/prog.c

   1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: (GPL-2.0-only OR BSD-2-Clause)
   2 /* Copyright (C) 2017-2018 Netronome Systems, Inc. */
   3
   4 #define _GNU_SOURCE
   5 #include <errno.h>
   6 #include <fcntl.h>
   7 #include <signal.h>
   8 #include <stdarg.h>
   9 #include <stdio.h>
  10 #include <stdlib.h>
  11 #include <string.h>
  12 #include <time.h>
  13 #include <unistd.h>
  14 #include <net/if.h>
  15 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
  16 #include <sys/types.h>
  17 #include <sys/stat.h>
  18 #include <sys/syscall.h>
  19
  20 #include <linux/err.h>
  21 #include <linux/perf_event.h>
  22 #include <linux/sizes.h>
  23
  24 #include <bpf/bpf.h>
  25 #include <bpf/btf.h>
  26 #include <bpf/libbpf.h>
  27
  28 #include "cfg.h"
  29 #include "main.h"
  30 #include "xlated_dumper.h"
  31
  32 enum dump_mode {
  33         DUMP_JITED,
  34         DUMP_XLATED,
  35 };
  36
  37 static const char * const attach_type_strings[] = {
  38         [BPF_SK_SKB_STREAM_PARSER] = "stream_parser",
  39         [BPF_SK_SKB_STREAM_VERDICT] = "stream_verdict",
  40         [BPF_SK_MSG_VERDICT] = "msg_verdict",
  41         [BPF_FLOW_DISSECTOR] = "flow_dissector",
  42         [__MAX_BPF_ATTACH_TYPE] = NULL,
  43 };
  44
  45 static enum bpf_attach_type parse_attach_type(const char *str)
  46 {
  47         enum bpf_attach_type type;
  48
  49         for (type = 0; type < __MAX_BPF_ATTACH_TYPE; type++) {
  50                 if (attach_type_strings[type] &&
  51                     is_prefix(str, attach_type_strings[type]))
  52                         return type;
  53         }
  54
  55         return __MAX_BPF_ATTACH_TYPE;
  56 }
  57
  58 static void print_boot_time(__u64 nsecs, char *buf, unsigned int size)
  59 {
  60         struct timespec real_time_ts, boot_time_ts;
  61         time_t wallclock_secs;
  62         struct tm load_tm;
  63
  64         buf[--size] = '\0';
  65
  66         if (clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, &real_time_ts) ||
  67             clock_gettime(CLOCK_BOOTTIME, &boot_time_ts)) {
  68                 perror("Can't read clocks");
  69                 snprintf(buf, size, "%llu", nsecs / 1000000000);
  70                 return;
  71         }
  72
  73         wallclock_secs = (real_time_ts.tv_sec - boot_time_ts.tv_sec) +
  74                 (real_time_ts.tv_nsec - boot_time_ts.tv_nsec + nsecs) /
  75                 1000000000;
  76
  77
  78         if (!localtime_r(&wallclock_secs, &load_tm)) {
  79                 snprintf(buf, size, "%llu", nsecs / 1000000000);
  80                 return;
  81         }
  82
  83         if (json_output)
  84                 strftime(buf, size, "%s", &load_tm);
  85         else
  86                 strftime(buf, size, "%FT%T%z", &load_tm);
  87 }
  88
  89 static int prog_fd_by_nametag(void *nametag, int **fds, bool tag)
  90 {
  91         unsigned int id = 0;
  92         int fd, nb_fds = 0;
  93         void *tmp;
  94         int err;
  95
  96         while (true) {
  97                 struct bpf_prog_info info = {};
  98                 __u32 len = sizeof(info);
  99
 100                 err = bpf_prog_get_next_id(id, &id);
 101                 if (err) {
 102                         if (errno != ENOENT) {
 103                                 p_err("%s", strerror(errno));
 104                                 goto err_close_fds;
 105                         }
 106                         return nb_fds;
 107                 }
 108
 109                 fd = bpf_prog_get_fd_by_id(id);
 110                 if (fd < 0) {
 111                         p_err("can't get prog by id (%u): %s",
 112                               id, strerror(errno));
 113                         goto err_close_fds;
 114                 }
 115
 116                 err = bpf_obj_get_info_by_fd(fd, &info, &len);
 117                 if (err) {
 118                         p_err("can't get prog info (%u): %s",
 119                               id, strerror(errno));
 120                         goto err_close_fd;
 121                 }
 122
 123                 if ((tag && memcmp(nametag, info.tag, BPF_TAG_SIZE)) ||
 124                     (!tag && strncmp(nametag, info.name, BPF_OBJ_NAME_LEN))) {
 125                         close(fd);
 126                         continue;
 127                 }
 128
 129                 if (nb_fds > 0) {
 130                         tmp = realloc(*fds, (nb_fds + 1) * sizeof(int));
 131                         if (!tmp) {
 132                                 p_err("failed to realloc");
 133                                 goto err_close_fd;
 134                         }
 135                         *fds = tmp;
 136                 }
 137                 (*fds)[nb_fds++] = fd;
 138         }
 139
 140 err_close_fd:
 141         close(fd);
 142 err_close_fds:
 143         while (--nb_fds >= 0)
 144                 close((*fds)[nb_fds]);
 145         return -1;
 146 }
 147
 148 static int prog_parse_fds(int *argc, char ***argv, int **fds)
 149 {
 150         if (is_prefix(**argv, "id")) {
 151                 unsigned int id;
 152                 char *endptr;
 153
 154                 NEXT_ARGP();
 155
 156                 id = strtoul(**argv, &endptr, 0);
 157                 if (*endptr) {
 158                         p_err("can't parse %s as ID", **argv);
 159                         return -1;
 160                 }
 161                 NEXT_ARGP();
 162
 163                 (*fds)[0] = bpf_prog_get_fd_by_id(id);
 164                 if ((*fds)[0] < 0) {
 165                         p_err("get by id (%u): %s", id, strerror(errno));
 166                         return -1;
 167                 }
 168                 return 1;
 169         } else if (is_prefix(**argv, "tag")) {
 170                 unsigned char tag[BPF_TAG_SIZE];
 171
 172                 NEXT_ARGP();
 173
 174                 if (sscanf(**argv, BPF_TAG_FMT, tag, tag + 1, tag + 2,
 175                            tag + 3, tag + 4, tag + 5, tag + 6, tag + 7)
 176                     != BPF_TAG_SIZE) {
 177                         p_err("can't parse tag");
 178                         return -1;
 179                 }
 180                 NEXT_ARGP();
 181
 182                 return prog_fd_by_nametag(tag, fds, true);
 183         } else if (is_prefix(**argv, "name")) {
 184                 char *name;
 185
 186                 NEXT_ARGP();
 187
 188                 name = **argv;
 189                 if (strlen(name) > BPF_OBJ_NAME_LEN - 1) {
 190                         p_err("can't parse name");
 191                         return -1;
 192                 }
 193                 NEXT_ARGP();
 194
 195                 return prog_fd_by_nametag(name, fds, false);
 196         } else if (is_prefix(**argv, "pinned")) {
 197                 char *path;
 198
 199                 NEXT_ARGP();
 200
 201                 path = **argv;
 202                 NEXT_ARGP();
 203
 204                 (*fds)[0] = open_obj_pinned_any(path, BPF_OBJ_PROG);
 205                 if ((*fds)[0] < 0)
 206                         return -1;
 207                 return 1;
 208         }
 209
 210         p_err("expected 'id', 'tag', 'name' or 'pinned', got: '%s'?", **argv);
 211         return -1;
 212 }
 213
 214 int prog_parse_fd(int *argc, char ***argv)
 215 {
 216         int *fds = NULL;
 217         int nb_fds, fd;
 218
 219         fds = malloc(sizeof(int));
 220         if (!fds) {
 221                 p_err("mem alloc failed");
 222                 return -1;
 223         }
 224         nb_fds = prog_parse_fds(argc, argv, &fds);
 225         if (nb_fds != 1) {
 226                 if (nb_fds > 1) {
 227                         p_err("several programs match this handle");
 228                         while (nb_fds--)
 229                                 close(fds[nb_fds]);
 230                 }
 231                 fd = -1;
 232                 goto exit_free;
 233         }
 234
 235         fd = fds[0];
 236 exit_free:
 237         free(fds);
 238         return fd;
 239 }
 240
 241 static void show_prog_maps(int fd, u32 num_maps)
 242 {
 243         struct bpf_prog_info info = {};
 244         __u32 len = sizeof(info);
 245         __u32 map_ids[num_maps];
 246         unsigned int i;
 247         int err;
 248
 249         info.nr_map_ids = num_maps;
 250         info.map_ids = ptr_to_u64(map_ids);
 251
 252         err = bpf_obj_get_info_by_fd(fd, &info, &len);
 253         if (err || !info.nr_map_ids)
 254                 return;
 255
 256         if (json_output) {
 257                 jsonw_name(json_wtr, "map_ids");
 258                 jsonw_start_array(json_wtr);
 259                 for (i = 0; i < info.nr_map_ids; i++)
 260                         jsonw_uint(json_wtr, map_ids[i]);
 261                 jsonw_end_array(json_wtr);
 262         } else {
 263                 printf("  map_ids ");
 264                 for (i = 0; i < info.nr_map_ids; i++)
 265                         printf("%u%s", map_ids[i],
 266                                i == info.nr_map_ids - 1 ? "" : ",");
 267         }
 268 }
 269
 270 static void print_prog_header_json(struct bpf_prog_info *info)
 271 {
 272         jsonw_uint_field(json_wtr, "id", info->id);
 273         if (info->type < ARRAY_SIZE(prog_type_name))
 274                 jsonw_string_field(json_wtr, "type",
 275                                    prog_type_name[info->type]);
 276         else
 277                 jsonw_uint_field(json_wtr, "type", info->type);
 278
 279         if (*info->name)
 280                 jsonw_string_field(json_wtr, "name", info->name);
 281
 282         jsonw_name(json_wtr, "tag");
 283         jsonw_printf(json_wtr, "\"" BPF_TAG_FMT "\"",
 284                      info->tag[0], info->tag[1], info->tag[2], info->tag[3],
 285                      info->tag[4], info->tag[5], info->tag[6], info->tag[7]);
 286
 287         jsonw_bool_field(json_wtr, "gpl_compatible", info->gpl_compatible);
 288         if (info->run_time_ns) {
 289                 jsonw_uint_field(json_wtr, "run_time_ns", info->run_time_ns);
 290                 jsonw_uint_field(json_wtr, "run_cnt", info->run_cnt);
 291         }
 292 }
 293
 294 static void print_prog_json(struct bpf_prog_info *info, int fd)
 295 {
 296         char *memlock;
 297
 298         jsonw_start_object(json_wtr);
 299         print_prog_header_json(info);
 300         print_dev_json(info->ifindex, info->netns_dev, info->netns_ino);
 301
 302         if (info->load_time) {
 303                 char buf[32];
 304
 305                 print_boot_time(info->load_time, buf, sizeof(buf));
 306
 307                 /* Piggy back on load_time, since 0 uid is a valid one */
 308                 jsonw_name(json_wtr, "loaded_at");
 309                 jsonw_printf(json_wtr, "%s", buf);
 310                 jsonw_uint_field(json_wtr, "uid", info->created_by_uid);
 311         }
 312
 313         jsonw_uint_field(json_wtr, "bytes_xlated", info->xlated_prog_len);
 314
 315         if (info->jited_prog_len) {
 316                 jsonw_bool_field(json_wtr, "jited", true);
 317                 jsonw_uint_field(json_wtr, "bytes_jited", info->jited_prog_len);
 318         } else {
 319                 jsonw_bool_field(json_wtr, "jited", false);
 320         }
 321
 322         memlock = get_fdinfo(fd, "memlock");
 323         if (memlock)
 324                 jsonw_int_field(json_wtr, "bytes_memlock", atoi(memlock));
 325         free(memlock);
 326
 327         if (info->nr_map_ids)
 328                 show_prog_maps(fd, info->nr_map_ids);
 329
 330         if (info->btf_id)
 331                 jsonw_int_field(json_wtr, "btf_id", info->btf_id);
 332
 333         if (!hash_empty(prog_table.table)) {
 334                 struct pinned_obj *obj;
 335
 336                 jsonw_name(json_wtr, "pinned");
 337                 jsonw_start_array(json_wtr);
 338                 hash_for_each_possible(prog_table.table, obj, hash, info->id) {
 339                         if (obj->id == info->id)
 340                                 jsonw_string(json_wtr, obj->path);
 341                 }
 342                 jsonw_end_array(json_wtr);
 343         }
 344
 345         jsonw_end_object(json_wtr);
 346 }
 347
 348 static void print_prog_header_plain(struct bpf_prog_info *info)
 349 {
 350         printf("%u: ", info->id);
 351         if (info->type < ARRAY_SIZE(prog_type_name))
 352                 printf("%s  ", prog_type_name[info->type]);
 353         else
 354                 printf("type %u  ", info->type);
 355
 356         if (*info->name)
 357                 printf("name %s  ", info->name);
 358
 359         printf("tag ");
 360         fprint_hex(stdout, info->tag, BPF_TAG_SIZE, "");
 361         print_dev_plain(info->ifindex, info->netns_dev, info->netns_ino);
 362         printf("%s", info->gpl_compatible ? "  gpl" : "");
 363         if (info->run_time_ns)
 364                 printf(" run_time_ns %lld run_cnt %lld",
 365                        info->run_time_ns, info->run_cnt);
 366         printf("\n");
 367 }
 368
 369 static void print_prog_plain(struct bpf_prog_info *info, int fd)
 370 {
 371         char *memlock;
 372
 373         print_prog_header_plain(info);
 374
 375         if (info->load_time) {
 376                 char buf[32];
 377
 378                 print_boot_time(info->load_time, buf, sizeof(buf));
 379
 380                 /* Piggy back on load_time, since 0 uid is a valid one */
 381                 printf("\tloaded_at %s  uid %u\n", buf, info->created_by_uid);
 382         }
 383
 384         printf("\txlated %uB", info->xlated_prog_len);
 385
 386         if (info->jited_prog_len)
 387                 printf("  jited %uB", info->jited_prog_len);
 388         else
 389                 printf("  not jited");
 390
 391         memlock = get_fdinfo(fd, "memlock");
 392         if (memlock)
 393                 printf("  memlock %sB", memlock);
 394         free(memlock);
 395
 396         if (info->nr_map_ids)
 397                 show_prog_maps(fd, info->nr_map_ids);
 398
 399         if (!hash_empty(prog_table.table)) {
 400                 struct pinned_obj *obj;
 401
 402                 hash_for_each_possible(prog_table.table, obj, hash, info->id) {
 403                         if (obj->id == info->id)
 404                                 printf("\n\tpinned %s", obj->path);
 405                 }
 406         }
 407
 408         if (info->btf_id)
 409                 printf("\n\tbtf_id %d", info->btf_id);
 410
 411         printf("\n");
 412 }
 413
 414 static int show_prog(int fd)
 415 {
 416         struct bpf_prog_info info = {};
 417         __u32 len = sizeof(info);
 418         int err;
 419
 420         err = bpf_obj_get_info_by_fd(fd, &info, &len);
 421         if (err) {
 422                 p_err("can't get prog info: %s", strerror(errno));
 423                 return -1;
 424         }
 425
 426         if (json_output)
 427                 print_prog_json(&info, fd);
 428         else
 429                 print_prog_plain(&info, fd);
 430
 431         return 0;
 432 }
 433
 434 static int do_show_subset(int argc, char **argv)
 435 {
 436         int *fds = NULL;
 437         int nb_fds, i;
 438         int err = -1;
 439
 440         fds = malloc(sizeof(int));
 441         if (!fds) {
 442                 p_err("mem alloc failed");
 443                 return -1;
 444         }
 445         nb_fds = prog_parse_fds(&argc, &argv, &fds);
 446         if (nb_fds < 1)
 447                 goto exit_free;
 448
 449         if (json_output && nb_fds > 1)
 450                 jsonw_start_array(json_wtr);    /* root array */
 451         for (i = 0; i < nb_fds; i++) {
 452                 err = show_prog(fds[i]);
 453                 if (err) {
 454                         for (; i < nb_fds; i++)
 455                                 close(fds[i]);
 456                         break;
 457                 }
 458                 close(fds[i]);
 459         }
 460         if (json_output && nb_fds > 1)
 461                 jsonw_end_array(json_wtr);      /* root array */
 462
 463 exit_free:
 464         free(fds);
 465         return err;
 466 }
 467
 468 static int do_show(int argc, char **argv)
 469 {
 470         __u32 id = 0;
 471         int err;
 472         int fd;
 473
 474         if (show_pinned)
 475                 build_pinned_obj_table(&prog_table, BPF_OBJ_PROG);
 476
 477         if (argc == 2)
 478                 return do_show_subset(argc, argv);
 479
 480         if (argc)
 481                 return BAD_ARG();
 482
 483         if (json_output)
 484                 jsonw_start_array(json_wtr);
 485         while (true) {
 486                 err = bpf_prog_get_next_id(id, &id);
 487                 if (err) {
 488                         if (errno == ENOENT) {
 489                                 err = 0;
 490                                 break;
 491                         }
 492                         p_err("can't get next program: %s%s", strerror(errno),
 493                               errno == EINVAL ? " -- kernel too old?" : "");
 494                         err = -1;
 495                         break;
 496                 }
 497
 498                 fd = bpf_prog_get_fd_by_id(id);
 499                 if (fd < 0) {
 500                         if (errno == ENOENT)
 501                                 continue;
 502                         p_err("can't get prog by id (%u): %s",
 503                               id, strerror(errno));
 504                         err = -1;
 505                         break;
 506                 }
 507
 508                 err = show_prog(fd);
 509                 close(fd);
 510                 if (err)
 511                         break;
 512         }
 513
 514         if (json_output)
 515                 jsonw_end_array(json_wtr);
 516
 517         return err;
 518 }
 519
 520 static int
 521 prog_dump(struct bpf_prog_info *info, enum dump_mode mode,
 522           char *filepath, bool opcodes, bool visual, bool linum)
 523 {
 524         struct bpf_prog_linfo *prog_linfo = NULL;
 525         const char *disasm_opt = NULL;
 526         struct dump_data dd = {};
 527         void *func_info = NULL;
 528         struct btf *btf = NULL;
 529         char func_sig[1024];
 530         unsigned char *buf;
 531         __u32 member_len;
 532         ssize_t n;
 533         int fd;
 534
 535         if (mode == DUMP_JITED) {
 536                 if (info->jited_prog_len == 0 || !info->jited_prog_insns) {
 537                         p_info("no instructions returned");
 538                         return -1;
 539                 }
 540                 buf = (unsigned char *)(info->jited_prog_insns);
 541                 member_len = info->jited_prog_len;
 542         } else {        /* DUMP_XLATED */
 543                 if (info->xlated_prog_len == 0 || !info->xlated_prog_insns) {
 544                         p_err("error retrieving insn dump: kernel.kptr_restrict set?");
 545                         return -1;
 546                 }
 547                 buf = (unsigned char *)info->xlated_prog_insns;
 548                 member_len = info->xlated_prog_len;
 549         }
 550
 551         if (info->btf_id && btf__get_from_id(info->btf_id, &btf)) {
 552                 p_err("failed to get btf");
 553                 return -1;
 554         }
 555
 556         func_info = (void *)info->func_info;
 557
 558         if (info->nr_line_info) {
 559                 prog_linfo = bpf_prog_linfo__new(info);
 560                 if (!prog_linfo)
 561                         p_info("error in processing bpf_line_info.  continue without it.");
 562         }
 563
 564         if (filepath) {
 565                 fd = open(filepath, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0600);
 566                 if (fd < 0) {
 567                         p_err("can't open file %s: %s", filepath,
 568                               strerror(errno));
 569                         return -1;
 570                 }
 571
 572                 n = write(fd, buf, member_len);
 573                 close(fd);
 574                 if (n != member_len) {
 575                         p_err("error writing output file: %s",
 576                               n < 0 ? strerror(errno) : "short write");
 577                         return -1;
 578                 }
 579
 580                 if (json_output)
 581                         jsonw_null(json_wtr);
 582         } else if (mode == DUMP_JITED) {
 583                 const char *name = NULL;
 584
 585                 if (info->ifindex) {
 586                         name = ifindex_to_bfd_params(info->ifindex,
 587                                                      info->netns_dev,
 588                                                      info->netns_ino,
 589                                                      &disasm_opt);
 590                         if (!name)
 591                                 return -1;
 592                 }
 593
 594                 if (info->nr_jited_func_lens && info->jited_func_lens) {
 595                         struct kernel_sym *sym = NULL;
 596                         struct bpf_func_info *record;
 597                         char sym_name[SYM_MAX_NAME];
 598                         unsigned char *img = buf;
 599                         __u64 *ksyms = NULL;
 600                         __u32 *lens;
 601                         __u32 i;
 602                         if (info->nr_jited_ksyms) {
 603                                 kernel_syms_load(&dd);
 604                                 ksyms = (__u64 *) info->jited_ksyms;
 605                         }
 606
 607                         if (json_output)
 608                                 jsonw_start_array(json_wtr);
 609
 610                         lens = (__u32 *) info->jited_func_lens;
 611                         for (i = 0; i < info->nr_jited_func_lens; i++) {
 612                                 if (ksyms) {
 613                                         sym = kernel_syms_search(&dd, ksyms[i]);
 614                                         if (sym)
 615                                                 sprintf(sym_name, "%s", sym->name);
 616                                         else
 617                                                 sprintf(sym_name, "0x%016llx", ksyms[i]);
 618                                 } else {
 619                                         strcpy(sym_name, "unknown");
 620                                 }
 621
 622                                 if (func_info) {
 623                                         record = func_info + i * info->func_info_rec_size;
 624                                         btf_dumper_type_only(btf, record->type_id,
 625                                                              func_sig,
 626                                                              sizeof(func_sig));
 627                                 }
 628
 629                                 if (json_output) {
 630                                         jsonw_start_object(json_wtr);
 631                                         if (func_info && func_sig[0] != '\0') {
 632                                                 jsonw_name(json_wtr, "proto");
 633                                                 jsonw_string(json_wtr, func_sig);
 634                                         }
 635                                         jsonw_name(json_wtr, "name");
 636                                         jsonw_string(json_wtr, sym_name);
 637                                         jsonw_name(json_wtr, "insns");
 638                                 } else {
 639                                         if (func_info && func_sig[0] != '\0')
 640                                                 printf("%s:\n", func_sig);
 641                                         printf("%s:\n", sym_name);
 642                                 }
 643
 644                                 disasm_print_insn(img, lens[i], opcodes,
 645                                                   name, disasm_opt, btf,
 646                                                   prog_linfo, ksyms[i], i,
 647                                                   linum);
 648
 649                                 img += lens[i];
 650
 651                                 if (json_output)
 652                                         jsonw_end_object(json_wtr);
 653                                 else
 654                                         printf("\n");
 655                         }
 656
 657                         if (json_output)
 658                                 jsonw_end_array(json_wtr);
 659                 } else {
 660                         disasm_print_insn(buf, member_len, opcodes, name,
 661                                           disasm_opt, btf, NULL, 0, 0, false);
 662                 }
 663         } else if (visual) {
 664                 if (json_output)
 665                         jsonw_null(json_wtr);
 666                 else
 667                         dump_xlated_cfg(buf, member_len);
 668         } else {
 669                 kernel_syms_load(&dd);
 670                 dd.nr_jited_ksyms = info->nr_jited_ksyms;
 671                 dd.jited_ksyms = (__u64 *) info->jited_ksyms;
 672                 dd.btf = btf;
 673                 dd.func_info = func_info;
 674                 dd.finfo_rec_size = info->func_info_rec_size;
 675                 dd.prog_linfo = prog_linfo;
 676
 677                 if (json_output)
 678                         dump_xlated_json(&dd, buf, member_len, opcodes,
 679                                          linum);
 680                 else
 681                         dump_xlated_plain(&dd, buf, member_len, opcodes,
 682                                           linum);
 683                 kernel_syms_destroy(&dd);
 684         }
 685
 686         return 0;
 687 }
 688
 689 static int do_dump(int argc, char **argv)
 690 {
 691         struct bpf_prog_info_linear *info_linear;
 692         char *filepath = NULL;
 693         bool opcodes = false;
 694         bool visual = false;
 695         enum dump_mode mode;
 696         bool linum = false;
 697         int *fds = NULL;
 698         int nb_fds, i = 0;
 699         int err = -1;
 700         __u64 arrays;
 701
 702         if (is_prefix(*argv, "jited")) {
 703                 if (disasm_init())
 704                         return -1;
 705                 mode = DUMP_JITED;
 706         } else if (is_prefix(*argv, "xlated")) {
 707                 mode = DUMP_XLATED;
 708         } else {
 709                 p_err("expected 'xlated' or 'jited', got: %s", *argv);
 710                 return -1;
 711         }
 712         NEXT_ARG();
 713
 714         if (argc < 2)
 715                 usage();
 716
 717         fds = malloc(sizeof(int));
 718         if (!fds) {
 719                 p_err("mem alloc failed");
 720                 return -1;
 721         }
 722         nb_fds = prog_parse_fds(&argc, &argv, &fds);
 723         if (nb_fds < 1)
 724                 goto exit_free;
 725
 726         if (is_prefix(*argv, "file")) {
 727                 NEXT_ARG();
 728                 if (!argc) {
 729                         p_err("expected file path");
 730                         goto exit_close;
 731                 }
 732                 if (nb_fds > 1) {
 733                         p_err("several programs matched");
 734                         goto exit_close;
 735                 }
 736
 737                 filepath = *argv;
 738                 NEXT_ARG();
 739         } else if (is_prefix(*argv, "opcodes")) {
 740                 opcodes = true;
 741                 NEXT_ARG();
 742         } else if (is_prefix(*argv, "visual")) {
 743                 if (nb_fds > 1) {
 744                         p_err("several programs matched");
 745                         goto exit_close;
 746                 }
 747
 748                 visual = true;
 749                 NEXT_ARG();
 750         } else if (is_prefix(*argv, "linum")) {
 751                 linum = true;
 752                 NEXT_ARG();
 753         }
 754
 755         if (argc) {
 756                 usage();
 757                 goto exit_close;
 758         }
 759
 760         if (mode == DUMP_JITED)
 761                 arrays = 1UL << BPF_PROG_INFO_JITED_INSNS;
 762         else
 763                 arrays = 1UL << BPF_PROG_INFO_XLATED_INSNS;
 764
 765         arrays |= 1UL << BPF_PROG_INFO_JITED_KSYMS;
 766         arrays |= 1UL << BPF_PROG_INFO_JITED_FUNC_LENS;
 767         arrays |= 1UL << BPF_PROG_INFO_FUNC_INFO;
 768         arrays |= 1UL << BPF_PROG_INFO_LINE_INFO;
 769         arrays |= 1UL << BPF_PROG_INFO_JITED_LINE_INFO;
 770
 771         if (json_output && nb_fds > 1)
 772                 jsonw_start_array(json_wtr);    /* root array */
 773         for (i = 0; i < nb_fds; i++) {
 774                 info_linear = bpf_program__get_prog_info_linear(fds[i], arrays);
 775                 if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(info_linear)) {
 776                         p_err("can't get prog info: %s", strerror(errno));
 777                         break;
 778                 }
 779
 780                 if (json_output && nb_fds > 1) {
 781                         jsonw_start_object(json_wtr);   /* prog object */
 782                         print_prog_header_json(&info_linear->info);
 783                         jsonw_name(json_wtr, "insns");
 784                 } else if (nb_fds > 1) {
 785                         print_prog_header_plain(&info_linear->info);
 786                 }
 787
 788                 err = prog_dump(&info_linear->info, mode, filepath, opcodes,
 789                                 visual, linum);
 790
 791                 if (json_output && nb_fds > 1)
 792                         jsonw_end_object(json_wtr);     /* prog object */
 793                 else if (i != nb_fds - 1 && nb_fds > 1)
 794                         printf("\n");
 795
 796                 free(info_linear);
 797                 if (err)
 798                         break;
 799                 close(fds[i]);
 800         }
 801         if (json_output && nb_fds > 1)
 802                 jsonw_end_array(json_wtr);      /* root array */
 803
 804 exit_close:
 805         for (; i < nb_fds; i++)
 806                 close(fds[i]);
 807 exit_free:
 808         free(fds);
 809         return err;
 810 }
 811
 812 static int do_pin(int argc, char **argv)
 813 {
 814         int err;
 815
 816         err = do_pin_any(argc, argv, bpf_prog_get_fd_by_id);
 817         if (!err && json_output)
 818                 jsonw_null(json_wtr);
 819         return err;
 820 }
 821
 822 struct map_replace {
 823         int idx;
 824         int fd;
 825         char *name;
 826 };
 827
 828 static int map_replace_compar(const void *p1, const void *p2)
 829 {
 830         const struct map_replace *a = p1, *b = p2;
 831
 832         return a->idx - b->idx;
 833 }
 834
 835 static int parse_attach_detach_args(int argc, char **argv, int *progfd,
 836                                     enum bpf_attach_type *attach_type,
 837                                     int *mapfd)
 838 {
 839         if (!REQ_ARGS(3))
 840                 return -EINVAL;
 841
 842         *progfd = prog_parse_fd(&argc, &argv);
 843         if (*progfd < 0)
 844                 return *progfd;
 845
 846         *attach_type = parse_attach_type(*argv);
 847         if (*attach_type == __MAX_BPF_ATTACH_TYPE) {
 848                 p_err("invalid attach/detach type");
 849                 return -EINVAL;
 850         }
 851
 852         if (*attach_type == BPF_FLOW_DISSECTOR) {
 853                 *mapfd = -1;
 854                 return 0;
 855         }
 856
 857         NEXT_ARG();
 858         if (!REQ_ARGS(2))
 859                 return -EINVAL;
 860
 861         *mapfd = map_parse_fd(&argc, &argv);
 862         if (*mapfd < 0)
 863                 return *mapfd;
 864
 865         return 0;
 866 }
 867
 868 static int do_attach(int argc, char **argv)
 869 {
 870         enum bpf_attach_type attach_type;
 871         int err, progfd;
 872         int mapfd;
 873
 874         err = parse_attach_detach_args(argc, argv,
 875                                        &progfd, &attach_type, &mapfd);
 876         if (err)
 877                 return err;
 878
 879         err = bpf_prog_attach(progfd, mapfd, attach_type, 0);
 880         if (err) {
 881                 p_err("failed prog attach to map");
 882                 return -EINVAL;
 883         }
 884
 885         if (json_output)
 886                 jsonw_null(json_wtr);
 887         return 0;
 888 }
 889
 890 static int do_detach(int argc, char **argv)
 891 {
 892         enum bpf_attach_type attach_type;
 893         int err, progfd;
 894         int mapfd;
 895
 896         err = parse_attach_detach_args(argc, argv,
 897                                        &progfd, &attach_type, &mapfd);
 898         if (err)
 899                 return err;
 900
 901         err = bpf_prog_detach2(progfd, mapfd, attach_type);
 902         if (err) {
 903                 p_err("failed prog detach from map");
 904                 return -EINVAL;
 905         }
 906
 907         if (json_output)
 908                 jsonw_null(json_wtr);
 909         return 0;
 910 }
 911
 912 static int check_single_stdin(char *file_data_in, char *file_ctx_in)
 913 {
 914         if (file_data_in && file_ctx_in &&
 915             !strcmp(file_data_in, "-") && !strcmp(file_ctx_in, "-")) {
 916                 p_err("cannot use standard input for both data_in and ctx_in");
 917                 return -1;
 918         }
 919
 920         return 0;
 921 }
 922
 923 static int get_run_data(const char *fname, void **data_ptr, unsigned int *size)
 924 {
 925         size_t block_size = 256;
 926         size_t buf_size = block_size;
 927         size_t nb_read = 0;
 928         void *tmp;
 929         FILE *f;
 930
 931         if (!fname) {
 932                 *data_ptr = NULL;
 933                 *size = 0;
 934                 return 0;
 935         }
 936
 937         if (!strcmp(fname, "-"))
 938                 f = stdin;
 939         else
 940                 f = fopen(fname, "r");
 941         if (!f) {
 942                 p_err("failed to open %s: %s", fname, strerror(errno));
 943                 return -1;
 944         }
 945
 946         *data_ptr = malloc(block_size);
 947         if (!*data_ptr) {
 948                 p_err("failed to allocate memory for data_in/ctx_in: %s",
 949                       strerror(errno));
 950                 goto err_fclose;
 951         }
 952
 953         while ((nb_read += fread(*data_ptr + nb_read, 1, block_size, f))) {
 954                 if (feof(f))
 955                         break;
 956                 if (ferror(f)) {
 957                         p_err("failed to read data_in/ctx_in from %s: %s",
 958                               fname, strerror(errno));
 959                         goto err_free;
 960                 }
 961                 if (nb_read > buf_size - block_size) {
 962                         if (buf_size == UINT32_MAX) {
 963                                 p_err("data_in/ctx_in is too long (max: %d)",
 964                                       UINT32_MAX);
 965                                 goto err_free;
 966                         }
 967                         /* No space for fread()-ing next chunk; realloc() */
 968                         buf_size *= 2;
 969                         tmp = realloc(*data_ptr, buf_size);
 970                         if (!tmp) {
 971                                 p_err("failed to reallocate data_in/ctx_in: %s",
 972                                       strerror(errno));
 973                                 goto err_free;
 974                         }
 975                         *data_ptr = tmp;
 976                 }
 977         }
 978         if (f != stdin)
 979                 fclose(f);
 980
 981         *size = nb_read;
 982         return 0;
 983
 984 err_free:
 985         free(*data_ptr);
 986         *data_ptr = NULL;
 987 err_fclose:
 988         if (f != stdin)
 989                 fclose(f);
 990         return -1;
 991 }
 992
 993 static void hex_print(void *data, unsigned int size, FILE *f)
 994 {
 995         size_t i, j;
 996         char c;
 997
 998         for (i = 0; i < size; i += 16) {
 999                 /* Row offset */
1000                 fprintf(f, "%07zx\t", i);
1001
1002                 /* Hexadecimal values */
1003                 for (j = i; j < i + 16 && j < size; j++)
1004                         fprintf(f, "%02x%s", *(uint8_t *)(data + j),
1005                                 j % 2 ? " " : "");
1006                 for (; j < i + 16; j++)
1007                         fprintf(f, "  %s", j % 2 ? " " : "");
1008
1009                 /* ASCII values (if relevant), '.' otherwise */
1010                 fprintf(f, "| ");
1011                 for (j = i; j < i + 16 && j < size; j++) {
1012                         c = *(char *)(data + j);
1013                         if (c < ' ' || c > '~')
1014                                 c = '.';
1015                         fprintf(f, "%c%s", c, j == i + 7 ? " " : "");
1016                 }
1017
1018                 fprintf(f, "\n");
1019         }
1020 }
1021
1022 static int
1023 print_run_output(void *data, unsigned int size, const char *fname,
1024                  const char *json_key)
1025 {
1026         size_t nb_written;
1027         FILE *f;
1028
1029         if (!fname)
1030                 return 0;
1031
1032         if (!strcmp(fname, "-")) {
1033                 f = stdout;
1034                 if (json_output) {
1035                         jsonw_name(json_wtr, json_key);
1036                         print_data_json(data, size);
1037                 } else {
1038                         hex_print(data, size, f);
1039                 }
1040                 return 0;
1041         }
1042
1043         f = fopen(fname, "w");
1044         if (!f) {
1045                 p_err("failed to open %s: %s", fname, strerror(errno));
1046                 return -1;
1047         }
1048
1049         nb_written = fwrite(data, 1, size, f);
1050         fclose(f);
1051         if (nb_written != size) {
1052                 p_err("failed to write output data/ctx: %s", strerror(errno));
1053                 return -1;
1054         }
1055
1056         return 0;
1057 }
1058
1059 static int alloc_run_data(void **data_ptr, unsigned int size_out)
1060 {
1061         *data_ptr = calloc(size_out, 1);
1062         if (!*data_ptr) {
1063                 p_err("failed to allocate memory for output data/ctx: %s",
1064                       strerror(errno));
1065                 return -1;
1066         }
1067
1068         return 0;
1069 }
1070
1071 static int do_run(int argc, char **argv)
1072 {
1073         char *data_fname_in = NULL, *data_fname_out = NULL;
1074         char *ctx_fname_in = NULL, *ctx_fname_out = NULL;
1075         struct bpf_prog_test_run_attr test_attr = {0};
1076         const unsigned int default_size = SZ_32K;
1077         void *data_in = NULL, *data_out = NULL;
1078         void *ctx_in = NULL, *ctx_out = NULL;
1079         unsigned int repeat = 1;
1080         int fd, err;
1081
1082         if (!REQ_ARGS(4))
1083                 return -1;
1084
1085         fd = prog_parse_fd(&argc, &argv);
1086         if (fd < 0)
1087                 return -1;
1088
1089         while (argc) {
1090                 if (detect_common_prefix(*argv, "data_in", "data_out",
1091                                          "data_size_out", NULL))
1092                         return -1;
1093                 if (detect_common_prefix(*argv, "ctx_in", "ctx_out",
1094                                          "ctx_size_out", NULL))
1095                         return -1;
1096
1097                 if (is_prefix(*argv, "data_in")) {
1098                         NEXT_ARG();
1099                         if (!REQ_ARGS(1))
1100                                 return -1;
1101
1102                         data_fname_in = GET_ARG();
1103                         if (check_single_stdin(data_fname_in, ctx_fname_in))
1104                                 return -1;
1105                 } else if (is_prefix(*argv, "data_out")) {
1106                         NEXT_ARG();
1107                         if (!REQ_ARGS(1))
1108                                 return -1;
1109
1110                         data_fname_out = GET_ARG();
1111                 } else if (is_prefix(*argv, "data_size_out")) {
1112                         char *endptr;
1113
1114                         NEXT_ARG();
1115                         if (!REQ_ARGS(1))
1116                                 return -1;
1117
1118                         test_attr.data_size_out = strtoul(*argv, &endptr, 0);
1119                         if (*endptr) {
1120                                 p_err("can't parse %s as output data size",
1121                                       *argv);
1122                                 return -1;
1123                         }
1124                         NEXT_ARG();
1125                 } else if (is_prefix(*argv, "ctx_in")) {
1126                         NEXT_ARG();
1127                         if (!REQ_ARGS(1))
1128                                 return -1;
1129
1130                         ctx_fname_in = GET_ARG();
1131                         if (check_single_stdin(data_fname_in, ctx_fname_in))
1132                                 return -1;
1133                 } else if (is_prefix(*argv, "ctx_out")) {
1134                         NEXT_ARG();
1135                         if (!REQ_ARGS(1))
1136                                 return -1;
1137
1138                         ctx_fname_out = GET_ARG();
1139                 } else if (is_prefix(*argv, "ctx_size_out")) {
1140                         char *endptr;
1141
1142                         NEXT_ARG();
1143                         if (!REQ_ARGS(1))
1144                                 return -1;
1145
1146                         test_attr.ctx_size_out = strtoul(*argv, &endptr, 0);
1147                         if (*endptr) {
1148                                 p_err("can't parse %s as output context size",
1149                                       *argv);
1150                                 return -1;
1151                         }
1152                         NEXT_ARG();
1153                 } else if (is_prefix(*argv, "repeat")) {
1154                         char *endptr;
1155
1156                         NEXT_ARG();
1157                         if (!REQ_ARGS(1))
1158                                 return -1;
1159
1160                         repeat = strtoul(*argv, &endptr, 0);
1161                         if (*endptr) {
1162                                 p_err("can't parse %s as repeat number",
1163                                       *argv);
1164                                 return -1;
1165                         }
1166                         NEXT_ARG();
1167                 } else {
1168                         p_err("expected no more arguments, 'data_in', 'data_out', 'data_size_out', 'ctx_in', 'ctx_out', 'ctx_size_out' or 'repeat', got: '%s'?",
1169                               *argv);
1170                         return -1;
1171                 }
1172         }
1173
1174         err = get_run_data(data_fname_in, &data_in, &test_attr.data_size_in);
1175         if (err)
1176                 return -1;
1177
1178         if (data_in) {
1179                 if (!test_attr.data_size_out)
1180                         test_attr.data_size_out = default_size;
1181                 err = alloc_run_data(&data_out, test_attr.data_size_out);
1182                 if (err)
1183                         goto free_data_in;
1184         }
1185
1186         err = get_run_data(ctx_fname_in, &ctx_in, &test_attr.ctx_size_in);
1187         if (err)
1188                 goto free_data_out;
1189
1190         if (ctx_in) {
1191                 if (!test_attr.ctx_size_out)
1192                         test_attr.ctx_size_out = default_size;
1193                 err = alloc_run_data(&ctx_out, test_attr.ctx_size_out);
1194                 if (err)
1195                         goto free_ctx_in;
1196         }
1197
1198         test_attr.prog_fd       = fd;
1199         test_attr.repeat        = repeat;
1200         test_attr.data_in       = data_in;
1201         test_attr.data_out      = data_out;
1202         test_attr.ctx_in        = ctx_in;
1203         test_attr.ctx_out       = ctx_out;
1204
1205         err = bpf_prog_test_run_xattr(&test_attr);
1206         if (err) {
1207                 p_err("failed to run program: %s", strerror(errno));
1208                 goto free_ctx_out;
1209         }
1210
1211         err = 0;
1212
1213         if (json_output)
1214                 jsonw_start_object(json_wtr);   /* root */
1215
1216         /* Do not exit on errors occurring when printing output data/context,
1217          * we still want to print return value and duration for program run.
1218          */
1219         if (test_attr.data_size_out)
1220                 err += print_run_output(test_attr.data_out,
1221                                         test_attr.data_size_out,
1222                                         data_fname_out, "data_out");
1223         if (test_attr.ctx_size_out)
1224                 err += print_run_output(test_attr.ctx_out,
1225                                         test_attr.ctx_size_out,
1226                                         ctx_fname_out, "ctx_out");
1227
1228         if (json_output) {
1229                 jsonw_uint_field(json_wtr, "retval", test_attr.retval);
1230                 jsonw_uint_field(json_wtr, "duration", test_attr.duration);
1231                 jsonw_end_object(json_wtr);     /* root */
1232         } else {
1233                 fprintf(stdout, "Return value: %u, duration%s: %uns\n",
1234                         test_attr.retval,
1235                         repeat > 1 ? " (average)" : "", test_attr.duration);
1236         }
1237
1238 free_ctx_out:
1239         free(ctx_out);
1240 free_ctx_in:
1241         free(ctx_in);
1242 free_data_out:
1243         free(data_out);
1244 free_data_in:
1245         free(data_in);
1246
1247         return err;
1248 }
1249
1250 static int load_with_options(int argc, char **argv, bool first_prog_only)
1251 {
1252         enum bpf_prog_type common_prog_type = BPF_PROG_TYPE_UNSPEC;
1253         DECLARE_LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_object_open_opts, open_opts,
1254                 .relaxed_maps = relaxed_maps,
1255         );
1256         struct bpf_object_load_attr load_attr = { 0 };
1257         enum bpf_attach_type expected_attach_type;
1258         struct map_replace *map_replace = NULL;
1259         struct bpf_program *prog = NULL, *pos;
1260         unsigned int old_map_fds = 0;
1261         const char *pinmaps = NULL;
1262         struct bpf_object *obj;
1263         struct bpf_map *map;
1264         const char *pinfile;
1265         unsigned int i, j;
1266         __u32 ifindex = 0;
1267         const char *file;
1268         int idx, err;
1269
1270
1271         if (!REQ_ARGS(2))
1272                 return -1;
1273         file = GET_ARG();
1274         pinfile = GET_ARG();
1275
1276         while (argc) {
1277                 if (is_prefix(*argv, "type")) {
1278                         char *type;
1279
1280                         NEXT_ARG();
1281
1282                         if (common_prog_type != BPF_PROG_TYPE_UNSPEC) {
1283                                 p_err("program type already specified");
1284                                 goto err_free_reuse_maps;
1285                         }
1286                         if (!REQ_ARGS(1))
1287                                 goto err_free_reuse_maps;
1288
1289                         /* Put a '/' at the end of type to appease libbpf */
1290                         type = malloc(strlen(*argv) + 2);
1291                         if (!type) {
1292                                 p_err("mem alloc failed");
1293                                 goto err_free_reuse_maps;
1294                         }
1295                         *type = 0;
1296                         strcat(type, *argv);
1297                         strcat(type, "/");
1298
1299                         err = libbpf_prog_type_by_name(type, &common_prog_type,
1300                                                        &expected_attach_type);
1301                         free(type);
1302                         if (err < 0)
1303                                 goto err_free_reuse_maps;
1304
1305                         NEXT_ARG();
1306                 } else if (is_prefix(*argv, "map")) {
1307                         void *new_map_replace;
1308                         char *endptr, *name;
1309                         int fd;
1310
1311                         NEXT_ARG();
1312
1313                         if (!REQ_ARGS(4))
1314                                 goto err_free_reuse_maps;
1315
1316                         if (is_prefix(*argv, "idx")) {
1317                                 NEXT_ARG();
1318
1319                                 idx = strtoul(*argv, &endptr, 0);
1320                                 if (*endptr) {
1321                                         p_err("can't parse %s as IDX", *argv);
1322                                         goto err_free_reuse_maps;
1323                                 }
1324                                 name = NULL;
1325                         } else if (is_prefix(*argv, "name")) {
1326                                 NEXT_ARG();
1327
1328                                 name = *argv;
1329                                 idx = -1;
1330                         } else {
1331                                 p_err("expected 'idx' or 'name', got: '%s'?",
1332                                       *argv);
1333                                 goto err_free_reuse_maps;
1334                         }
1335                         NEXT_ARG();
1336
1337                         fd = map_parse_fd(&argc, &argv);
1338                         if (fd < 0)
1339                                 goto err_free_reuse_maps;
1340
1341                         new_map_replace = reallocarray(map_replace,
1342                                                        old_map_fds + 1,
1343                                                        sizeof(*map_replace));
1344                         if (!new_map_replace) {
1345                                 p_err("mem alloc failed");
1346                                 goto err_free_reuse_maps;
1347                         }
1348                         map_replace = new_map_replace;
1349
1350                         map_replace[old_map_fds].idx = idx;
1351                         map_replace[old_map_fds].name = name;
1352                         map_replace[old_map_fds].fd = fd;
1353                         old_map_fds++;
1354                 } else if (is_prefix(*argv, "dev")) {
1355                         NEXT_ARG();
1356
1357                         if (ifindex) {
1358                                 p_err("offload device already specified");
1359                                 goto err_free_reuse_maps;
1360                         }
1361                         if (!REQ_ARGS(1))
1362                                 goto err_free_reuse_maps;
1363
1364                         ifindex = if_nametoindex(*argv);
1365                         if (!ifindex) {
1366                                 p_err("unrecognized netdevice '%s': %s",
1367                                       *argv, strerror(errno));
1368                                 goto err_free_reuse_maps;
1369                         }
1370                         NEXT_ARG();
1371                 } else if (is_prefix(*argv, "pinmaps")) {
1372                         NEXT_ARG();
1373
1374                         if (!REQ_ARGS(1))
1375                                 goto err_free_reuse_maps;
1376
1377                         pinmaps = GET_ARG();
1378                 } else {
1379                         p_err("expected no more arguments, 'type', 'map' or 'dev', got: '%s'?",
1380                               *argv);
1381                         goto err_free_reuse_maps;
1382                 }
1383         }
1384
1385         set_max_rlimit();
1386
1387         obj = bpf_object__open_file(file, &open_opts);
1388         if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(obj)) {
1389                 p_err("failed to open object file");
1390                 goto err_free_reuse_maps;
1391         }
1392
1393         bpf_object__for_each_program(pos, obj) {
1394                 enum bpf_prog_type prog_type = common_prog_type;
1395
1396                 if (prog_type == BPF_PROG_TYPE_UNSPEC) {
1397                         const char *sec_name = bpf_program__title(pos, false);
1398
1399                         err = libbpf_prog_type_by_name(sec_name, &prog_type,
1400                                                        &expected_attach_type);
1401                         if (err < 0)
1402                                 goto err_close_obj;
1403                 }
1404
1405                 bpf_program__set_ifindex(pos, ifindex);
1406                 bpf_program__set_type(pos, prog_type);
1407                 bpf_program__set_expected_attach_type(pos, expected_attach_type);
1408         }
1409
1410         qsort(map_replace, old_map_fds, sizeof(*map_replace),
1411               map_replace_compar);
1412
1413         /* After the sort maps by name will be first on the list, because they
1414          * have idx == -1.  Resolve them.
1415          */
1416         j = 0;
1417         while (j < old_map_fds && map_replace[j].name) {
1418                 i = 0;
1419                 bpf_object__for_each_map(map, obj) {
1420                         if (!strcmp(bpf_map__name(map), map_replace[j].name)) {
1421                                 map_replace[j].idx = i;
1422                                 break;
1423                         }
1424                         i++;
1425                 }
1426                 if (map_replace[j].idx == -1) {
1427                         p_err("unable to find map '%s'", map_replace[j].name);
1428                         goto err_close_obj;
1429                 }
1430                 j++;
1431         }
1432         /* Resort if any names were resolved */
1433         if (j)
1434                 qsort(map_replace, old_map_fds, sizeof(*map_replace),
1435                       map_replace_compar);
1436
1437         /* Set ifindex and name reuse */
1438         j = 0;
1439         idx = 0;
1440         bpf_object__for_each_map(map, obj) {
1441                 if (!bpf_map__is_offload_neutral(map))
1442                         bpf_map__set_ifindex(map, ifindex);
1443
1444                 if (j < old_map_fds && idx == map_replace[j].idx) {
1445                         err = bpf_map__reuse_fd(map, map_replace[j++].fd);
1446                         if (err) {
1447                                 p_err("unable to set up map reuse: %d", err);
1448                                 goto err_close_obj;
1449                         }
1450
1451                         /* Next reuse wants to apply to the same map */
1452                         if (j < old_map_fds && map_replace[j].idx == idx) {
1453                                 p_err("replacement for map idx %d specified more than once",
1454                                       idx);
1455                                 goto err_close_obj;
1456                         }
1457                 }
1458
1459                 idx++;
1460         }
1461         if (j < old_map_fds) {
1462                 p_err("map idx '%d' not used", map_replace[j].idx);
1463                 goto err_close_obj;
1464         }
1465
1466         load_attr.obj = obj;
1467         if (verifier_logs)
1468                 /* log_level1 + log_level2 + stats, but not stable UAPI */
1469                 load_attr.log_level = 1 + 2 + 4;
1470
1471         err = bpf_object__load_xattr(&load_attr);
1472         if (err) {
1473                 p_err("failed to load object file");
1474                 goto err_close_obj;
1475         }
1476
1477         err = mount_bpffs_for_pin(pinfile);
1478         if (err)
1479                 goto err_close_obj;
1480
1481         if (first_prog_only) {
1482                 prog = bpf_program__next(NULL, obj);
1483                 if (!prog) {
1484                         p_err("object file doesn't contain any bpf program");
1485                         goto err_close_obj;
1486                 }
1487
1488                 err = bpf_obj_pin(bpf_program__fd(prog), pinfile);
1489                 if (err) {
1490                         p_err("failed to pin program %s",
1491                               bpf_program__title(prog, false));
1492                         goto err_close_obj;
1493                 }
1494         } else {
1495                 err = bpf_object__pin_programs(obj, pinfile);
1496                 if (err) {
1497                         p_err("failed to pin all programs");
1498                         goto err_close_obj;
1499                 }
1500         }
1501
1502         if (pinmaps) {
1503                 err = bpf_object__pin_maps(obj, pinmaps);
1504                 if (err) {
1505                         p_err("failed to pin all maps");
1506                         goto err_unpin;
1507                 }
1508         }
1509
1510         if (json_output)
1511                 jsonw_null(json_wtr);
1512
1513         bpf_object__close(obj);
1514         for (i = 0; i < old_map_fds; i++)
1515                 close(map_replace[i].fd);
1516         free(map_replace);
1517
1518         return 0;
1519
1520 err_unpin:
1521         if (first_prog_only)
1522                 unlink(pinfile);
1523         else
1524                 bpf_object__unpin_programs(obj, pinfile);
1525 err_close_obj:
1526         bpf_object__close(obj);
1527 err_free_reuse_maps:
1528         for (i = 0; i < old_map_fds; i++)
1529                 close(map_replace[i].fd);
1530         free(map_replace);
1531         return -1;
1532 }
1533
1534 static int do_load(int argc, char **argv)
1535 {
1536         return load_with_options(argc, argv, true);
1537 }
1538
1539 static int do_loadall(int argc, char **argv)
1540 {
1541         return load_with_options(argc, argv, false);
1542 }
1543
1544 #ifdef BPFTOOL_WITHOUT_SKELETONS
1545
1546 static int do_profile(int argc, char **argv)
1547 {
1548         return 0;
1549 }
1550
1551 #else /* BPFTOOL_WITHOUT_SKELETONS */
1552
1553 #include "profiler.skel.h"
1554
1555 struct profile_metric {
1556         const char *name;
1557         struct bpf_perf_event_value val;
1558         struct perf_event_attr attr;
1559         bool selected;
1560
1561         /* calculate ratios like instructions per cycle */
1562         const int ratio_metric; /* 0 for N/A, 1 for index 0 (cycles) */
1563         const char *ratio_desc;
1564         const float ratio_mul;
1565 } metrics[] = {
1566         {
1567                 .name = "cycles",
1568                 .attr = {
1569                         .type = PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE,
1570                         .config = PERF_COUNT_HW_CPU_CYCLES,
1571                         .exclude_user = 1,
1572                 },
1573         },
1574         {
1575                 .name = "instructions",
1576                 .attr = {
1577                         .type = PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE,
1578                         .config = PERF_COUNT_HW_INSTRUCTIONS,
1579                         .exclude_user = 1,
1580                 },
1581                 .ratio_metric = 1,
1582                 .ratio_desc = "insns per cycle",
1583                 .ratio_mul = 1.0,
1584         },
1585         {
1586                 .name = "l1d_loads",
1587                 .attr = {
1588                         .type = PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE,
1589                         .config =
1590                                 PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_L1D |
1591                                 (PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ << 8) |
1592                                 (PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_ACCESS << 16),
1593                         .exclude_user = 1,
1594                 },
1595         },
1596         {
1597                 .name = "llc_misses",
1598                 .attr = {
1599                         .type = PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE,
1600                         .config =
1601                                 PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_LL |
1602                                 (PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ << 8) |
1603                                 (PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS << 16),
1604                         .exclude_user = 1
1605                 },
1606                 .ratio_metric = 2,
1607                 .ratio_desc = "LLC misses per million insns",
1608                 .ratio_mul = 1e6,
1609         },
1610 };
1611
1612 static __u64 profile_total_count;
1613
1614 #define MAX_NUM_PROFILE_METRICS 4
1615
1616 static int profile_parse_metrics(int argc, char **argv)
1617 {
1618         unsigned int metric_cnt;
1619         int selected_cnt = 0;
1620         unsigned int i;
1621
1622         metric_cnt = sizeof(metrics) / sizeof(struct profile_metric);
1623
1624         while (argc > 0) {
1625                 for (i = 0; i < metric_cnt; i++) {
1626                         if (is_prefix(argv[0], metrics[i].name)) {
1627                                 if (!metrics[i].selected)
1628                                         selected_cnt++;
1629                                 metrics[i].selected = true;
1630                                 break;
1631                         }
1632                 }
1633                 if (i == metric_cnt) {
1634                         p_err("unknown metric %s", argv[0]);
1635                         return -1;
1636                 }
1637                 NEXT_ARG();
1638         }
1639         if (selected_cnt > MAX_NUM_PROFILE_METRICS) {
1640                 p_err("too many (%d) metrics, please specify no more than %d metrics at at time",
1641                       selected_cnt, MAX_NUM_PROFILE_METRICS);
1642                 return -1;
1643         }
1644         return selected_cnt;
1645 }
1646
1647 static void profile_read_values(struct profiler_bpf *obj)
1648 {
1649         __u32 m, cpu, num_cpu = obj->rodata->num_cpu;
1650         int reading_map_fd, count_map_fd;
1651         __u64 counts[num_cpu];
1652         __u32 key = 0;
1653         int err;
1654
1655         reading_map_fd = bpf_map__fd(obj->maps.accum_readings);
1656         count_map_fd = bpf_map__fd(obj->maps.counts);
1657         if (reading_map_fd < 0 || count_map_fd < 0) {
1658                 p_err("failed to get fd for map");
1659                 return;
1660         }
1661
1662         err = bpf_map_lookup_elem(count_map_fd, &key, counts);
1663         if (err) {
1664                 p_err("failed to read count_map: %s", strerror(errno));
1665                 return;
1666         }
1667
1668         profile_total_count = 0;
1669         for (cpu = 0; cpu < num_cpu; cpu++)
1670                 profile_total_count += counts[cpu];
1671
1672         for (m = 0; m < ARRAY_SIZE(metrics); m++) {
1673                 struct bpf_perf_event_value values[num_cpu];
1674
1675                 if (!metrics[m].selected)
1676                         continue;
1677
1678                 err = bpf_map_lookup_elem(reading_map_fd, &key, values);
1679                 if (err) {
1680                         p_err("failed to read reading_map: %s",
1681                               strerror(errno));
1682                         return;
1683                 }
1684                 for (cpu = 0; cpu < num_cpu; cpu++) {
1685                         metrics[m].val.counter += values[cpu].counter;
1686                         metrics[m].val.enabled += values[cpu].enabled;
1687                         metrics[m].val.running += values[cpu].running;
1688                 }
1689                 key++;
1690         }
1691 }
1692
1693 static void profile_print_readings_json(void)
1694 {
1695         __u32 m;
1696
1697         jsonw_start_array(json_wtr);
1698         for (m = 0; m < ARRAY_SIZE(metrics); m++) {
1699                 if (!metrics[m].selected)
1700                         continue;
1701                 jsonw_start_object(json_wtr);
1702                 jsonw_string_field(json_wtr, "metric", metrics[m].name);
1703                 jsonw_lluint_field(json_wtr, "run_cnt", profile_total_count);
1704                 jsonw_lluint_field(json_wtr, "value", metrics[m].val.counter);
1705                 jsonw_lluint_field(json_wtr, "enabled", metrics[m].val.enabled);
1706                 jsonw_lluint_field(json_wtr, "running", metrics[m].val.running);
1707
1708                 jsonw_end_object(json_wtr);
1709         }
1710         jsonw_end_array(json_wtr);
1711 }
1712
1713 static void profile_print_readings_plain(void)
1714 {
1715         __u32 m;
1716
1717         printf("\n%18llu %-20s\n", profile_total_count, "run_cnt");
1718         for (m = 0; m < ARRAY_SIZE(metrics); m++) {
1719                 struct bpf_perf_event_value *val = &metrics[m].val;
1720                 int r;
1721
1722                 if (!metrics[m].selected)
1723                         continue;
1724                 printf("%18llu %-20s", val->counter, metrics[m].name);
1725
1726                 r = metrics[m].ratio_metric - 1;
1727                 if (r >= 0 && metrics[r].selected &&
1728                     metrics[r].val.counter > 0) {
1729                         printf("# %8.2f %-30s",
1730                                val->counter * metrics[m].ratio_mul /
1731                                metrics[r].val.counter,
1732                                metrics[m].ratio_desc);
1733                 } else {
1734                         printf("%-41s", "");
1735                 }
1736
1737                 if (val->enabled > val->running)
1738                         printf("(%4.2f%%)",
1739                                val->running * 100.0 / val->enabled);
1740                 printf("\n");
1741         }
1742 }
1743
1744 static void profile_print_readings(void)
1745 {
1746         if (json_output)
1747                 profile_print_readings_json();
1748         else
1749                 profile_print_readings_plain();
1750 }
1751
1752 static char *profile_target_name(int tgt_fd)
1753 {
1754         struct bpf_prog_info_linear *info_linear;
1755         struct bpf_func_info *func_info;
1756         const struct btf_type *t;
1757         char *name = NULL;
1758         struct btf *btf;
1759
1760         info_linear = bpf_program__get_prog_info_linear(
1761                 tgt_fd, 1UL << BPF_PROG_INFO_FUNC_INFO);
1762         if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(info_linear)) {
1763                 p_err("failed to get info_linear for prog FD %d", tgt_fd);
1764                 return NULL;
1765         }
1766
1767         if (info_linear->info.btf_id == 0 ||
1768             btf__get_from_id(info_linear->info.btf_id, &btf)) {
1769                 p_err("prog FD %d doesn't have valid btf", tgt_fd);
1770                 goto out;
1771         }
1772
1773         func_info = (struct bpf_func_info *)(info_linear->info.func_info);
1774         t = btf__type_by_id(btf, func_info[0].type_id);
1775         if (!t) {
1776                 p_err("btf %d doesn't have type %d",
1777                       info_linear->info.btf_id, func_info[0].type_id);
1778                 goto out;
1779         }
1780         name = strdup(btf__name_by_offset(btf, t->name_off));
1781 out:
1782         free(info_linear);
1783         return name;
1784 }
1785
1786 static struct profiler_bpf *profile_obj;
1787 static int profile_tgt_fd = -1;
1788 static char *profile_tgt_name;
1789 static int *profile_perf_events;
1790 static int profile_perf_event_cnt;
1791
1792 static void profile_close_perf_events(struct profiler_bpf *obj)
1793 {
1794         int i;
1795
1796         for (i = profile_perf_event_cnt - 1; i >= 0; i--)
1797                 close(profile_perf_events[i]);
1798
1799         free(profile_perf_events);
1800         profile_perf_event_cnt = 0;
1801 }
1802
1803 static int profile_open_perf_events(struct profiler_bpf *obj)
1804 {
1805         unsigned int cpu, m;
1806         int map_fd, pmu_fd;
1807
1808         profile_perf_events = calloc(
1809                 sizeof(int), obj->rodata->num_cpu * obj->rodata->num_metric);
1810         if (!profile_perf_events) {
1811                 p_err("failed to allocate memory for perf_event array: %s",
1812                       strerror(errno));
1813                 return -1;
1814         }
1815         map_fd = bpf_map__fd(obj->maps.events);
1816         if (map_fd < 0) {
1817                 p_err("failed to get fd for events map");
1818                 return -1;
1819         }
1820
1821         for (m = 0; m < ARRAY_SIZE(metrics); m++) {
1822                 if (!metrics[m].selected)
1823                         continue;
1824                 for (cpu = 0; cpu < obj->rodata->num_cpu; cpu++) {
1825                         pmu_fd = syscall(__NR_perf_event_open, &metrics[m].attr,
1826                                          -1/*pid*/, cpu, -1/*group_fd*/, 0);
1827                         if (pmu_fd < 0 ||
1828                             bpf_map_update_elem(map_fd, &profile_perf_event_cnt,
1829                                                 &pmu_fd, BPF_ANY) ||
1830                             ioctl(pmu_fd, PERF_EVENT_IOC_ENABLE, 0)) {
1831                                 p_err("failed to create event %s on cpu %d",
1832                                       metrics[m].name, cpu);
1833                                 return -1;
1834                         }
1835                         profile_perf_events[profile_perf_event_cnt++] = pmu_fd;
1836                 }
1837         }
1838         return 0;
1839 }
1840
1841 static void profile_print_and_cleanup(void)
1842 {
1843         profile_close_perf_events(profile_obj);
1844         profile_read_values(profile_obj);
1845         profile_print_readings();
1846         profiler_bpf__destroy(profile_obj);
1847
1848         close(profile_tgt_fd);
1849         free(profile_tgt_name);
1850 }
1851
1852 static void int_exit(int signo)
1853 {
1854         profile_print_and_cleanup();
1855         exit(0);
1856 }
1857
1858 static int do_profile(int argc, char **argv)
1859 {
1860         int num_metric, num_cpu, err = -1;
1861         struct bpf_program *prog;
1862         unsigned long duration;
1863         char *endptr;
1864
1865         /* we at least need two args for the prog and one metric */
1866         if (!REQ_ARGS(3))
1867                 return -EINVAL;
1868
1869         /* parse target fd */
1870         profile_tgt_fd = prog_parse_fd(&argc, &argv);
1871         if (profile_tgt_fd < 0) {
1872                 p_err("failed to parse fd");
1873                 return -1;
1874         }
1875
1876         /* parse profiling optional duration */
1877         if (argc > 2 && is_prefix(argv[0], "duration")) {
1878                 NEXT_ARG();
1879                 duration = strtoul(*argv, &endptr, 0);
1880                 if (*endptr)
1881                         usage();
1882                 NEXT_ARG();
1883         } else {
1884                 duration = UINT_MAX;
1885         }
1886
1887         num_metric = profile_parse_metrics(argc, argv);
1888         if (num_metric <= 0)
1889                 goto out;
1890
1891         num_cpu = libbpf_num_possible_cpus();
1892         if (num_cpu <= 0) {
1893                 p_err("failed to identify number of CPUs");
1894                 goto out;
1895         }
1896
1897         profile_obj = profiler_bpf__open();
1898         if (!profile_obj) {
1899                 p_err("failed to open and/or load BPF object");
1900                 goto out;
1901         }
1902
1903         profile_obj->rodata->num_cpu = num_cpu;
1904         profile_obj->rodata->num_metric = num_metric;
1905
1906         /* adjust map sizes */
1907         bpf_map__resize(profile_obj->maps.events, num_metric * num_cpu);
1908         bpf_map__resize(profile_obj->maps.fentry_readings, num_metric);
1909         bpf_map__resize(profile_obj->maps.accum_readings, num_metric);
1910         bpf_map__resize(profile_obj->maps.counts, 1);
1911
1912         /* change target name */
1913         profile_tgt_name = profile_target_name(profile_tgt_fd);
1914         if (!profile_tgt_name)
1915                 goto out;
1916
1917         bpf_object__for_each_program(prog, profile_obj->obj) {
1918                 err = bpf_program__set_attach_target(prog, profile_tgt_fd,
1919                                                      profile_tgt_name);
1920                 if (err) {
1921                         p_err("failed to set attach target\n");
1922                         goto out;
1923                 }
1924         }
1925
1926         set_max_rlimit();
1927         err = profiler_bpf__load(profile_obj);
1928         if (err) {
1929                 p_err("failed to load profile_obj");
1930                 goto out;
1931         }
1932
1933         err = profile_open_perf_events(profile_obj);
1934         if (err)
1935                 goto out;
1936
1937         err = profiler_bpf__attach(profile_obj);
1938         if (err) {
1939                 p_err("failed to attach profile_obj");
1940                 goto out;
1941         }
1942         signal(SIGINT, int_exit);
1943
1944         sleep(duration);
1945         profile_print_and_cleanup();
1946         return 0;
1947
1948 out:
1949         profile_close_perf_events(profile_obj);
1950         if (profile_obj)
1951                 profiler_bpf__destroy(profile_obj);
1952         close(profile_tgt_fd);
1953         free(profile_tgt_name);
1954         return err;
1955 }
1956
1957 #endif /* BPFTOOL_WITHOUT_SKELETONS */
1958
1959 static int do_help(int argc, char **argv)
1960 {
1961         if (json_output) {
1962                 jsonw_null(json_wtr);
1963                 return 0;
1964         }
1965
1966         fprintf(stderr,
1967                 "Usage: %s %s { show | list } [PROG]\n"
1968                 "       %s %s dump xlated PROG [{ file FILE | opcodes | visual | linum }]\n"
1969                 "       %s %s dump jited  PROG [{ file FILE | opcodes | linum }]\n"
1970                 "       %s %s pin   PROG FILE\n"
1971                 "       %s %s { load | loadall } OBJ  PATH \\\n"
1972                 "                         [type TYPE] [dev NAME] \\\n"
1973                 "                         [map { idx IDX | name NAME } MAP]\\\n"
1974                 "                         [pinmaps MAP_DIR]\n"
1975                 "       %s %s attach PROG ATTACH_TYPE [MAP]\n"
1976                 "       %s %s detach PROG ATTACH_TYPE [MAP]\n"
1977                 "       %s %s run PROG \\\n"
1978                 "                         data_in FILE \\\n"
1979                 "                         [data_out FILE [data_size_out L]] \\\n"
1980                 "                         [ctx_in FILE [ctx_out FILE [ctx_size_out M]]] \\\n"
1981                 "                         [repeat N]\n"
1982                 "       %s %s profile PROG [duration DURATION] METRICs\n"
1983                 "       %s %s tracelog\n"
1984                 "       %s %s help\n"
1985                 "\n"
1986                 "       " HELP_SPEC_MAP "\n"
1987                 "       " HELP_SPEC_PROGRAM "\n"
1988                 "       TYPE := { socket | kprobe | kretprobe | classifier | action |\n"
1989                 "                 tracepoint | raw_tracepoint | xdp | perf_event | cgroup/skb |\n"
1990                 "                 cgroup/sock | cgroup/dev | lwt_in | lwt_out | lwt_xmit |\n"
1991                 "                 lwt_seg6local | sockops | sk_skb | sk_msg | lirc_mode2 |\n"
1992                 "                 sk_reuseport | flow_dissector | cgroup/sysctl |\n"
1993                 "                 cgroup/bind4 | cgroup/bind6 | cgroup/post_bind4 |\n"
1994                 "                 cgroup/post_bind6 | cgroup/connect4 | cgroup/connect6 |\n"
1995                 "                 cgroup/sendmsg4 | cgroup/sendmsg6 | cgroup/recvmsg4 |\n"
1996                 "                 cgroup/recvmsg6 | cgroup/getsockopt | cgroup/setsockopt |\n"
1997                 "                 struct_ops | fentry | fexit | freplace }\n"
1998                 "       ATTACH_TYPE := { msg_verdict | stream_verdict | stream_parser |\n"
1999                 "                        flow_dissector }\n"
2000                 "       METRIC := { cycles | instructions | l1d_loads | llc_misses }\n"
2001                 "       " HELP_SPEC_OPTIONS "\n"
2002                 "",
2003                 bin_name, argv[-2], bin_name, argv[-2], bin_name, argv[-2],
2004                 bin_name, argv[-2], bin_name, argv[-2], bin_name, argv[-2],
2005                 bin_name, argv[-2], bin_name, argv[-2], bin_name, argv[-2],
2006                 bin_name, argv[-2], bin_name, argv[-2]);
2007
2008         return 0;
2009 }
2010
2011 static const struct cmd cmds[] = {
2012         { "show",       do_show },
2013         { "list",       do_show },
2014         { "help",       do_help },
2015         { "dump",       do_dump },
2016         { "pin",        do_pin },
2017         { "load",       do_load },
2018         { "loadall",    do_loadall },
2019         { "attach",     do_attach },
2020         { "detach",     do_detach },
2021         { "tracelog",   do_tracelog },
2022         { "run",        do_run },
2023         { "profile",    do_profile },
2024         { 0 }
2025 };
2026
2027 int do_prog(int argc, char **argv)
2028 {
2029         return cmd_select(cmds, argc, argv, do_help);
2030 }