Linux 6.9-rc1

[linux-2.6-microblaze.git] / mm / kmemleak.c

// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
/*
 * mm/kmemleak.c
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2008 ARM Limited
 * Written by Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
 *
 * For more information on the algorithm and kmemleak usage, please see
 * Documentation/dev-tools/kmemleak.rst.
 *
 * Notes on locking
 * ----------------
 *
 * The following locks and mutexes are used by kmemleak:
 *
 * - kmemleak_lock (raw_spinlock_t): protects the object_list modifications and
 *   accesses to the object_tree_root (or object_phys_tree_root). The
 *   object_list is the main list holding the metadata (struct kmemleak_object)
 *   for the allocated memory blocks. The object_tree_root and object_phys_tree_root
 *   are red black trees used to look-up metadata based on a pointer to the
 *   corresponding memory block. The object_phys_tree_root is for objects
 *   allocated with physical address. The kmemleak_object structures are
 *   added to the object_list and object_tree_root (or object_phys_tree_root)
 *   in the create_object() function called from the kmemleak_alloc() (or
 *   kmemleak_alloc_phys()) callback and removed in delete_object() called from
 *   the kmemleak_free() callback
 * - kmemleak_object.lock (raw_spinlock_t): protects a kmemleak_object.
 *   Accesses to the metadata (e.g. count) are protected by this lock. Note
 *   that some members of this structure may be protected by other means
 *   (atomic or kmemleak_lock). This lock is also held when scanning the
 *   corresponding memory block to avoid the kernel freeing it via the
 *   kmemleak_free() callback. This is less heavyweight than holding a global
 *   lock like kmemleak_lock during scanning.
 * - scan_mutex (mutex): ensures that only one thread may scan the memory for
 *   unreferenced objects at a time. The gray_list contains the objects which
 *   are already referenced or marked as false positives and need to be
 *   scanned. This list is only modified during a scanning episode when the
 *   scan_mutex is held. At the end of a scan, the gray_list is always empty.
 *   Note that the kmemleak_object.use_count is incremented when an object is
 *   added to the gray_list and therefore cannot be freed. This mutex also
 *   prevents multiple users of the "kmemleak" debugfs file together with
 *   modifications to the memory scanning parameters including the scan_thread
 *   pointer
 *
 * Locks and mutexes are acquired/nested in the following order:
 *
 *   scan_mutex [-> object->lock] -> kmemleak_lock -> other_object->lock (SINGLE_DEPTH_NESTING)
 *
 * No kmemleak_lock and object->lock nesting is allowed outside scan_mutex
 * regions.
 *
 * The kmemleak_object structures have a use_count incremented or decremented
 * using the get_object()/put_object() functions. When the use_count becomes
 * 0, this count can no longer be incremented and put_object() schedules the
 * kmemleak_object freeing via an RCU callback. All calls to the get_object()
 * function must be protected by rcu_read_lock() to avoid accessing a freed
 * structure.
 */

#define pr_fmt(fmt) KBUILD_MODNAME ": " fmt

#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/list.h>
#include <linux/sched/signal.h>
#include <linux/sched/task.h>
#include <linux/sched/task_stack.h>
#include <linux/jiffies.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/export.h>
#include <linux/kthread.h>
#include <linux/rbtree.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/debugfs.h>
#include <linux/seq_file.h>
#include <linux/cpumask.h>
#include <linux/spinlock.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/mutex.h>
#include <linux/rcupdate.h>
#include <linux/stacktrace.h>
#include <linux/cache.h>
#include <linux/percpu.h>
#include <linux/memblock.h>
#include <linux/pfn.h>
#include <linux/mmzone.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/thread_info.h>
#include <linux/err.h>
#include <linux/uaccess.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/nodemask.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/workqueue.h>
#include <linux/crc32.h>

#include <asm/sections.h>
#include <asm/processor.h>
#include <linux/atomic.h>

#include <linux/kasan.h>
#include <linux/kfence.h>
#include <linux/kmemleak.h>
#include <linux/memory_hotplug.h>

/*
 * Kmemleak configuration and common defines.
 */
#define MAX_TRACE               16      /* stack trace length */
#define MSECS_MIN_AGE           5000    /* minimum object age for reporting */
#define SECS_FIRST_SCAN         60      /* delay before the first scan */
#define SECS_SCAN_WAIT          600     /* subsequent auto scanning delay */
#define MAX_SCAN_SIZE           4096    /* maximum size of a scanned block */

#define BYTES_PER_POINTER       sizeof(void *)

/* GFP bitmask for kmemleak internal allocations */
#define gfp_kmemleak_mask(gfp)  (((gfp) & (GFP_KERNEL | GFP_ATOMIC | \
                                           __GFP_NOLOCKDEP)) | \
                                 __GFP_NORETRY | __GFP_NOMEMALLOC | \
                                 __GFP_NOWARN)

/* scanning area inside a memory block */
struct kmemleak_scan_area {
        struct hlist_node node;
        unsigned long start;
        size_t size;
};

#define KMEMLEAK_GREY   0
#define KMEMLEAK_BLACK  -1

/*
 * Structure holding the metadata for each allocated memory block.
 * Modifications to such objects should be made while holding the
 * object->lock. Insertions or deletions from object_list, gray_list or
 * rb_node are already protected by the corresponding locks or mutex (see
 * the notes on locking above). These objects are reference-counted
 * (use_count) and freed using the RCU mechanism.
 */
struct kmemleak_object {
        raw_spinlock_t lock;
        unsigned int flags;             /* object status flags */
        struct list_head object_list;
        struct list_head gray_list;
        struct rb_node rb_node;
        struct rcu_head rcu;            /* object_list lockless traversal */
        /* object usage count; object freed when use_count == 0 */
        atomic_t use_count;
        unsigned long pointer;
        size_t size;
        /* pass surplus references to this pointer */
        unsigned long excess_ref;
        /* minimum number of a pointers found before it is considered leak */
        int min_count;
        /* the total number of pointers found pointing to this object */
        int count;
        /* checksum for detecting modified objects */
        u32 checksum;
        /* memory ranges to be scanned inside an object (empty for all) */
        struct hlist_head area_list;
        unsigned long trace[MAX_TRACE];
        unsigned int trace_len;
        unsigned long jiffies;          /* creation timestamp */
        pid_t pid;                      /* pid of the current task */
        char comm[TASK_COMM_LEN];       /* executable name */
};

/* flag representing the memory block allocation status */
#define OBJECT_ALLOCATED        (1 << 0)
/* flag set after the first reporting of an unreference object */
#define OBJECT_REPORTED         (1 << 1)
/* flag set to not scan the object */
#define OBJECT_NO_SCAN          (1 << 2)
/* flag set to fully scan the object when scan_area allocation failed */
#define OBJECT_FULL_SCAN        (1 << 3)
/* flag set for object allocated with physical address */
#define OBJECT_PHYS             (1 << 4)

#define HEX_PREFIX              "    "
/* number of bytes to print per line; must be 16 or 32 */
#define HEX_ROW_SIZE            16
/* number of bytes to print at a time (1, 2, 4, 8) */
#define HEX_GROUP_SIZE          1
/* include ASCII after the hex output */
#define HEX_ASCII               1
/* max number of lines to be printed */
#define HEX_MAX_LINES           2

/* the list of all allocated objects */
static LIST_HEAD(object_list);
/* the list of gray-colored objects (see color_gray comment below) */
static LIST_HEAD(gray_list);
/* memory pool allocation */
static struct kmemleak_object mem_pool[CONFIG_DEBUG_KMEMLEAK_MEM_POOL_SIZE];
static int mem_pool_free_count = ARRAY_SIZE(mem_pool);
static LIST_HEAD(mem_pool_free_list);
/* search tree for object boundaries */
static struct rb_root object_tree_root = RB_ROOT;
/* search tree for object (with OBJECT_PHYS flag) boundaries */
static struct rb_root object_phys_tree_root = RB_ROOT;
/* protecting the access to object_list, object_tree_root (or object_phys_tree_root) */
static DEFINE_RAW_SPINLOCK(kmemleak_lock);

/* allocation caches for kmemleak internal data */
static struct kmem_cache *object_cache;
static struct kmem_cache *scan_area_cache;

/* set if tracing memory operations is enabled */
static int kmemleak_enabled = 1;
/* same as above but only for the kmemleak_free() callback */
static int kmemleak_free_enabled = 1;
/* set in the late_initcall if there were no errors */
static int kmemleak_initialized;
/* set if a kmemleak warning was issued */
static int kmemleak_warning;
/* set if a fatal kmemleak error has occurred */
static int kmemleak_error;

/* minimum and maximum address that may be valid pointers */
static unsigned long min_addr = ULONG_MAX;
static unsigned long max_addr;

static struct task_struct *scan_thread;
/* used to avoid reporting of recently allocated objects */
static unsigned long jiffies_min_age;
static unsigned long jiffies_last_scan;
/* delay between automatic memory scannings */
static unsigned long jiffies_scan_wait;
/* enables or disables the task stacks scanning */
static int kmemleak_stack_scan = 1;
/* protects the memory scanning, parameters and debug/kmemleak file access */
static DEFINE_MUTEX(scan_mutex);
/* setting kmemleak=on, will set this var, skipping the disable */
static int kmemleak_skip_disable;
/* If there are leaks that can be reported */
static bool kmemleak_found_leaks;

static bool kmemleak_verbose;
module_param_named(verbose, kmemleak_verbose, bool, 0600);

static void kmemleak_disable(void);

/*
 * Print a warning and dump the stack trace.
 */
#define kmemleak_warn(x...)     do {            \
        pr_warn(x);                             \
        dump_stack();                           \
        kmemleak_warning = 1;                   \
} while (0)

/*
 * Macro invoked when a serious kmemleak condition occurred and cannot be
 * recovered from. Kmemleak will be disabled and further allocation/freeing
 * tracing no longer available.
 */
#define kmemleak_stop(x...)     do {    \
        kmemleak_warn(x);               \
        kmemleak_disable();             \
} while (0)

#define warn_or_seq_printf(seq, fmt, ...)       do {    \
        if (seq)                                        \
                seq_printf(seq, fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__);    \
        else                                            \
                pr_warn(fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__);            \
} while (0)

static void warn_or_seq_hex_dump(struct seq_file *seq, int prefix_type,
                                 int rowsize, int groupsize, const void *buf,
                                 size_t len, bool ascii)
{
        if (seq)
                seq_hex_dump(seq, HEX_PREFIX, prefix_type, rowsize, groupsize,
                             buf, len, ascii);
        else
                print_hex_dump(KERN_WARNING, pr_fmt(HEX_PREFIX), prefix_type,
                               rowsize, groupsize, buf, len, ascii);
}

/*
 * Printing of the objects hex dump to the seq file. The number of lines to be
 * printed is limited to HEX_MAX_LINES to prevent seq file spamming. The
 * actual number of printed bytes depends on HEX_ROW_SIZE. It must be called
 * with the object->lock held.
 */
static void hex_dump_object(struct seq_file *seq,
                            struct kmemleak_object *object)
{
        const u8 *ptr = (const u8 *)object->pointer;
        size_t len;

        if (WARN_ON_ONCE(object->flags & OBJECT_PHYS))
                return;

        /* limit the number of lines to HEX_MAX_LINES */
        len = min_t(size_t, object->size, HEX_MAX_LINES * HEX_ROW_SIZE);

        warn_or_seq_printf(seq, "  hex dump (first %zu bytes):\n", len);
        kasan_disable_current();
        warn_or_seq_hex_dump(seq, DUMP_PREFIX_NONE, HEX_ROW_SIZE,
                             HEX_GROUP_SIZE, kasan_reset_tag((void *)ptr), len, HEX_ASCII);
        kasan_enable_current();
}

/*
 * Object colors, encoded with count and min_count:
 * - white - orphan object, not enough references to it (count < min_count)
 * - gray  - not orphan, not marked as false positive (min_count == 0) or
 *              sufficient references to it (count >= min_count)
 * - black - ignore, it doesn't contain references (e.g. text section)
 *              (min_count == -1). No function defined for this color.
 * Newly created objects don't have any color assigned (object->count == -1)
 * before the next memory scan when they become white.
 */
static bool color_white(const struct kmemleak_object *object)
{
        return object->count != KMEMLEAK_BLACK &&
                object->count < object->min_count;
}

static bool color_gray(const struct kmemleak_object *object)
{
        return object->min_count != KMEMLEAK_BLACK &&
                object->count >= object->min_count;
}

/*
 * Objects are considered unreferenced only if their color is white, they have
 * not be deleted and have a minimum age to avoid false positives caused by
 * pointers temporarily stored in CPU registers.
 */
static bool unreferenced_object(struct kmemleak_object *object)
{
        return (color_white(object) && object->flags & OBJECT_ALLOCATED) &&
                time_before_eq(object->jiffies + jiffies_min_age,
                               jiffies_last_scan);
}

/*
 * Printing of the unreferenced objects information to the seq file. The
 * print_unreferenced function must be called with the object->lock held.
 */
static void print_unreferenced(struct seq_file *seq,
                               struct kmemleak_object *object)
{
        int i;
        unsigned int msecs_age = jiffies_to_msecs(jiffies - object->jiffies);

        warn_or_seq_printf(seq, "unreferenced object 0x%08lx (size %zu):\n",
                   object->pointer, object->size);
        warn_or_seq_printf(seq, "  comm \"%s\", pid %d, jiffies %lu (age %d.%03ds)\n",
                   object->comm, object->pid, object->jiffies,
                   msecs_age / 1000, msecs_age % 1000);
        hex_dump_object(seq, object);
        warn_or_seq_printf(seq, "  backtrace:\n");

        for (i = 0; i < object->trace_len; i++) {
                void *ptr = (void *)object->trace[i];
                warn_or_seq_printf(seq, "    [<%p>] %pS\n", ptr, ptr);
        }
}

/*
 * Print the kmemleak_object information. This function is used mainly for
 * debugging special cases when kmemleak operations. It must be called with
 * the object->lock held.
 */
static void dump_object_info(struct kmemleak_object *object)
{
        pr_notice("Object 0x%08lx (size %zu):\n",
                  object->pointer, object->size);
        pr_notice("  comm \"%s\", pid %d, jiffies %lu\n",
                  object->comm, object->pid, object->jiffies);
        pr_notice("  min_count = %d\n", object->min_count);
        pr_notice("  count = %d\n", object->count);
        pr_notice("  flags = 0x%x\n", object->flags);
        pr_notice("  checksum = %u\n", object->checksum);
        pr_notice("  backtrace:\n");
        stack_trace_print(object->trace, object->trace_len, 4);
}

/*
 * Look-up a memory block metadata (kmemleak_object) in the object search
 * tree based on a pointer value. If alias is 0, only values pointing to the
 * beginning of the memory block are allowed. The kmemleak_lock must be held
 * when calling this function.
 */
static struct kmemleak_object *__lookup_object(unsigned long ptr, int alias,
                                               bool is_phys)
{
        struct rb_node *rb = is_phys ? object_phys_tree_root.rb_node :
                             object_tree_root.rb_node;
        unsigned long untagged_ptr = (unsigned long)kasan_reset_tag((void *)ptr);

        while (rb) {
                struct kmemleak_object *object;
                unsigned long untagged_objp;

                object = rb_entry(rb, struct kmemleak_object, rb_node);
                untagged_objp = (unsigned long)kasan_reset_tag((void *)object->pointer);

                if (untagged_ptr < untagged_objp)
                        rb = object->rb_node.rb_left;
                else if (untagged_objp + object->size <= untagged_ptr)
                        rb = object->rb_node.rb_right;
                else if (untagged_objp == untagged_ptr || alias)
                        return object;
                else {
                        kmemleak_warn("Found object by alias at 0x%08lx\n",
                                      ptr);
                        dump_object_info(object);
                        break;
                }
        }
        return NULL;
}

/* Look-up a kmemleak object which allocated with virtual address. */
static struct kmemleak_object *lookup_object(unsigned long ptr, int alias)
{
        return __lookup_object(ptr, alias, false);
}

/*
 * Increment the object use_count. Return 1 if successful or 0 otherwise. Note
 * that once an object's use_count reached 0, the RCU freeing was already
 * registered and the object should no longer be used. This function must be
 * called under the protection of rcu_read_lock().
 */
static int get_object(struct kmemleak_object *object)
{
        return atomic_inc_not_zero(&object->use_count);
}

/*
 * Memory pool allocation and freeing. kmemleak_lock must not be held.
 */
static struct kmemleak_object *mem_pool_alloc(gfp_t gfp)
{
        unsigned long flags;
        struct kmemleak_object *object;

        /* try the slab allocator first */
        if (object_cache) {
                object = kmem_cache_alloc(object_cache, gfp_kmemleak_mask(gfp));
                if (object)
                        return object;
        }

        /* slab allocation failed, try the memory pool */
        raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&kmemleak_lock, flags);
        object = list_first_entry_or_null(&mem_pool_free_list,
                                          typeof(*object), object_list);
        if (object)
                list_del(&object->object_list);
        else if (mem_pool_free_count)
                object = &mem_pool[--mem_pool_free_count];
        else
                pr_warn_once("Memory pool empty, consider increasing CONFIG_DEBUG_KMEMLEAK_MEM_POOL_SIZE\n");
        raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&kmemleak_lock, flags);

        return object;
}

/*
 * Return the object to either the slab allocator or the memory pool.
 */
static void mem_pool_free(struct kmemleak_object *object)
{
        unsigned long flags;

        if (object < mem_pool || object >= mem_pool + ARRAY_SIZE(mem_pool)) {
                kmem_cache_free(object_cache, object);
                return;
        }

        /* add the object to the memory pool free list */
        raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&kmemleak_lock, flags);
        list_add(&object->object_list, &mem_pool_free_list);
        raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&kmemleak_lock, flags);
}

/*
 * RCU callback to free a kmemleak_object.
 */
static void free_object_rcu(struct rcu_head *rcu)
{
        struct hlist_node *tmp;
        struct kmemleak_scan_area *area;
        struct kmemleak_object *object =
                container_of(rcu, struct kmemleak_object, rcu);

        /*
         * Once use_count is 0 (guaranteed by put_object), there is no other
         * code accessing this object, hence no need for locking.
         */
        hlist_for_each_entry_safe(area, tmp, &object->area_list, node) {
                hlist_del(&area->node);
                kmem_cache_free(scan_area_cache, area);
        }
        mem_pool_free(object);
}

/*
 * Decrement the object use_count. Once the count is 0, free the object using
 * an RCU callback. Since put_object() may be called via the kmemleak_free() ->
 * delete_object() path, the delayed RCU freeing ensures that there is no
 * recursive call to the kernel allocator. Lock-less RCU object_list traversal
 * is also possible.
 */
static void put_object(struct kmemleak_object *object)
{
        if (!atomic_dec_and_test(&object->use_count))
                return;

        /* should only get here after delete_object was called */
        WARN_ON(object->flags & OBJECT_ALLOCATED);

        /*
         * It may be too early for the RCU callbacks, however, there is no
         * concurrent object_list traversal when !object_cache and all objects
         * came from the memory pool. Free the object directly.
         */
        if (object_cache)
                call_rcu(&object->rcu, free_object_rcu);
        else
                free_object_rcu(&object->rcu);
}

/*
 * Look up an object in the object search tree and increase its use_count.
 */
static struct kmemleak_object *__find_and_get_object(unsigned long ptr, int alias,
                                                     bool is_phys)
{
        unsigned long flags;
        struct kmemleak_object *object;

        rcu_read_lock();
        raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&kmemleak_lock, flags);
        object = __lookup_object(ptr, alias, is_phys);
        raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&kmemleak_lock, flags);

        /* check whether the object is still available */
        if (object && !get_object(object))
                object = NULL;
        rcu_read_unlock();

        return object;
}

/* Look up and get an object which allocated with virtual address. */
static struct kmemleak_object *find_and_get_object(unsigned long ptr, int alias)
{
        return __find_and_get_object(ptr, alias, false);
}

/*
 * Remove an object from the object_tree_root (or object_phys_tree_root)
 * and object_list. Must be called with the kmemleak_lock held _if_ kmemleak
 * is still enabled.
 */
static void __remove_object(struct kmemleak_object *object)
{
        rb_erase(&object->rb_node, object->flags & OBJECT_PHYS ?
                                   &object_phys_tree_root :
                                   &object_tree_root);
        list_del_rcu(&object->object_list);
}

/*
 * Look up an object in the object search tree and remove it from both
 * object_tree_root (or object_phys_tree_root) and object_list. The
 * returned object's use_count should be at least 1, as initially set
 * by create_object().
 */
static struct kmemleak_object *find_and_remove_object(unsigned long ptr, int alias,
                                                      bool is_phys)
{
        unsigned long flags;
        struct kmemleak_object *object;

        raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&kmemleak_lock, flags);
        object = __lookup_object(ptr, alias, is_phys);
        if (object)
                __remove_object(object);
        raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&kmemleak_lock, flags);

        return object;
}

/*
 * Save stack trace to the given array of MAX_TRACE size.
 */
static int __save_stack_trace(unsigned long *trace)
{
        return stack_trace_save(trace, MAX_TRACE, 2);
}

/*
 * Create the metadata (struct kmemleak_object) corresponding to an allocated
 * memory block and add it to the object_list and object_tree_root (or
 * object_phys_tree_root).
 */
static struct kmemleak_object *__create_object(unsigned long ptr, size_t size,
                                             int min_count, gfp_t gfp,
                                             bool is_phys)
{
        unsigned long flags;
        struct kmemleak_object *object, *parent;
        struct rb_node **link, *rb_parent;
        unsigned long untagged_ptr;
        unsigned long untagged_objp;

        object = mem_pool_alloc(gfp);
        if (!object) {
                pr_warn("Cannot allocate a kmemleak_object structure\n");
                kmemleak_disable();
                return NULL;
        }

        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&object->object_list);
        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&object->gray_list);
        INIT_HLIST_HEAD(&object->area_list);
        raw_spin_lock_init(&object->lock);
        atomic_set(&object->use_count, 1);
        object->flags = OBJECT_ALLOCATED | (is_phys ? OBJECT_PHYS : 0);
        object->pointer = ptr;
        object->size = kfence_ksize((void *)ptr) ?: size;
        object->excess_ref = 0;
        object->min_count = min_count;
        object->count = 0;                      /* white color initially */
        object->jiffies = jiffies;
        object->checksum = 0;

        /* task information */
        if (in_hardirq()) {
                object->pid = 0;
                strncpy(object->comm, "hardirq", sizeof(object->comm));
        } else if (in_serving_softirq()) {
                object->pid = 0;
                strncpy(object->comm, "softirq", sizeof(object->comm));
        } else {
                object->pid = current->pid;
                /*
                 * There is a small chance of a race with set_task_comm(),
                 * however using get_task_comm() here may cause locking
                 * dependency issues with current->alloc_lock. In the worst
                 * case, the command line is not correct.
                 */
                strncpy(object->comm, current->comm, sizeof(object->comm));
        }

        /* kernel backtrace */
        object->trace_len = __save_stack_trace(object->trace);

        raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&kmemleak_lock, flags);

        untagged_ptr = (unsigned long)kasan_reset_tag((void *)ptr);
        /*
         * Only update min_addr and max_addr with object
         * storing virtual address.
         */
        if (!is_phys) {
                min_addr = min(min_addr, untagged_ptr);
                max_addr = max(max_addr, untagged_ptr + size);
        }
        link = is_phys ? &object_phys_tree_root.rb_node :
                &object_tree_root.rb_node;
        rb_parent = NULL;
        while (*link) {
                rb_parent = *link;
                parent = rb_entry(rb_parent, struct kmemleak_object, rb_node);
                untagged_objp = (unsigned long)kasan_reset_tag((void *)parent->pointer);
                if (untagged_ptr + size <= untagged_objp)
                        link = &parent->rb_node.rb_left;
                else if (untagged_objp + parent->size <= untagged_ptr)
                        link = &parent->rb_node.rb_right;
                else {
                        kmemleak_stop("Cannot insert 0x%lx into the object search tree (overlaps existing)\n",
                                      ptr);
                        /*
                         * No need for parent->lock here since "parent" cannot
                         * be freed while the kmemleak_lock is held.
                         */
                        dump_object_info(parent);
                        kmem_cache_free(object_cache, object);
                        object = NULL;
                        goto out;
                }
        }
        rb_link_node(&object->rb_node, rb_parent, link);
        rb_insert_color(&object->rb_node, is_phys ? &object_phys_tree_root :
                                          &object_tree_root);

        list_add_tail_rcu(&object->object_list, &object_list);
out:
        raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&kmemleak_lock, flags);
        return object;
}

/* Create kmemleak object which allocated with virtual address. */
static struct kmemleak_object *create_object(unsigned long ptr, size_t size,
                                             int min_count, gfp_t gfp)
{
        return __create_object(ptr, size, min_count, gfp, false);
}

/* Create kmemleak object which allocated with physical address. */
static struct kmemleak_object *create_object_phys(unsigned long ptr, size_t size,
                                             int min_count, gfp_t gfp)
{
        return __create_object(ptr, size, min_count, gfp, true);
}

/*
 * Mark the object as not allocated and schedule RCU freeing via put_object().
 */
static void __delete_object(struct kmemleak_object *object)
{
        unsigned long flags;

        WARN_ON(!(object->flags & OBJECT_ALLOCATED));
        WARN_ON(atomic_read(&object->use_count) < 1);

        /*
         * Locking here also ensures that the corresponding memory block
         * cannot be freed when it is being scanned.
         */
        raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&object->lock, flags);
        object->flags &= ~OBJECT_ALLOCATED;
        raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&object->lock, flags);
        put_object(object);
}

/*
 * Look up the metadata (struct kmemleak_object) corresponding to ptr and
 * delete it.
 */
static void delete_object_full(unsigned long ptr)
{
        struct kmemleak_object *object;

        object = find_and_remove_object(ptr, 0, false);
        if (!object) {
#ifdef DEBUG
                kmemleak_warn("Freeing unknown object at 0x%08lx\n",
                              ptr);
#endif
                return;
        }
        __delete_object(object);
}

/*
 * Look up the metadata (struct kmemleak_object) corresponding to ptr and
 * delete it. If the memory block is partially freed, the function may create
 * additional metadata for the remaining parts of the block.
 */
static void delete_object_part(unsigned long ptr, size_t size, bool is_phys)
{
        struct kmemleak_object *object;
        unsigned long start, end;

        object = find_and_remove_object(ptr, 1, is_phys);
        if (!object) {
#ifdef DEBUG
                kmemleak_warn("Partially freeing unknown object at 0x%08lx (size %zu)\n",
                              ptr, size);
#endif
                return;
        }

        /*
         * Create one or two objects that may result from the memory block
         * split. Note that partial freeing is only done by free_bootmem() and
         * this happens before kmemleak_init() is called.
         */
        start = object->pointer;
        end = object->pointer + object->size;
        if (ptr > start)
                __create_object(start, ptr - start, object->min_count,
                              GFP_KERNEL, is_phys);
        if (ptr + size < end)
                __create_object(ptr + size, end - ptr - size, object->min_count,
                              GFP_KERNEL, is_phys);

        __delete_object(object);
}

static void __paint_it(struct kmemleak_object *object, int color)
{
        object->min_count = color;
        if (color == KMEMLEAK_BLACK)
                object->flags |= OBJECT_NO_SCAN;
}

static void paint_it(struct kmemleak_object *object, int color)
{
        unsigned long flags;

        raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&object->lock, flags);
        __paint_it(object, color);
        raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&object->lock, flags);
}

static void paint_ptr(unsigned long ptr, int color, bool is_phys)
{
        struct kmemleak_object *object;

        object = __find_and_get_object(ptr, 0, is_phys);
        if (!object) {
                kmemleak_warn("Trying to color unknown object at 0x%08lx as %s\n",
                              ptr,
                              (color == KMEMLEAK_GREY) ? "Grey" :
                              (color == KMEMLEAK_BLACK) ? "Black" : "Unknown");
                return;
        }
        paint_it(object, color);
        put_object(object);
}

/*
 * Mark an object permanently as gray-colored so that it can no longer be
 * reported as a leak. This is used in general to mark a false positive.
 */
static void make_gray_object(unsigned long ptr)
{
        paint_ptr(ptr, KMEMLEAK_GREY, false);
}

/*
 * Mark the object as black-colored so that it is ignored from scans and
 * reporting.
 */
static void make_black_object(unsigned long ptr, bool is_phys)
{
        paint_ptr(ptr, KMEMLEAK_BLACK, is_phys);
}

/*
 * Add a scanning area to the object. If at least one such area is added,
 * kmemleak will only scan these ranges rather than the whole memory block.
 */
static void add_scan_area(unsigned long ptr, size_t size, gfp_t gfp)
{
        unsigned long flags;
        struct kmemleak_object *object;
        struct kmemleak_scan_area *area = NULL;
        unsigned long untagged_ptr;
        unsigned long untagged_objp;

        object = find_and_get_object(ptr, 1);
        if (!object) {
                kmemleak_warn("Adding scan area to unknown object at 0x%08lx\n",
                              ptr);
                return;
        }

        untagged_ptr = (unsigned long)kasan_reset_tag((void *)ptr);
        untagged_objp = (unsigned long)kasan_reset_tag((void *)object->pointer);

        if (scan_area_cache)
                area = kmem_cache_alloc(scan_area_cache, gfp_kmemleak_mask(gfp));

        raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&object->lock, flags);
        if (!area) {
                pr_warn_once("Cannot allocate a scan area, scanning the full object\n");
                /* mark the object for full scan to avoid false positives */
                object->flags |= OBJECT_FULL_SCAN;
                goto out_unlock;
        }
        if (size == SIZE_MAX) {
                size = untagged_objp + object->size - untagged_ptr;
        } else if (untagged_ptr + size > untagged_objp + object->size) {
                kmemleak_warn("Scan area larger than object 0x%08lx\n", ptr);
                dump_object_info(object);
                kmem_cache_free(scan_area_cache, area);
                goto out_unlock;
        }

        INIT_HLIST_NODE(&area->node);
        area->start = ptr;
        area->size = size;

        hlist_add_head(&area->node, &object->area_list);
out_unlock:
        raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&object->lock, flags);
        put_object(object);
}

/*
 * Any surplus references (object already gray) to 'ptr' are passed to
 * 'excess_ref'. This is used in the vmalloc() case where a pointer to
 * vm_struct may be used as an alternative reference to the vmalloc'ed object
 * (see free_thread_stack()).
 */
static void object_set_excess_ref(unsigned long ptr, unsigned long excess_ref)
{
        unsigned long flags;
        struct kmemleak_object *object;

        object = find_and_get_object(ptr, 0);
        if (!object) {
                kmemleak_warn("Setting excess_ref on unknown object at 0x%08lx\n",
                              ptr);
                return;
        }

        raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&object->lock, flags);
        object->excess_ref = excess_ref;
        raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&object->lock, flags);
        put_object(object);
}

/*
 * Set the OBJECT_NO_SCAN flag for the object corresponding to the give
 * pointer. Such object will not be scanned by kmemleak but references to it
 * are searched.
 */
static void object_no_scan(unsigned long ptr)
{
        unsigned long flags;
        struct kmemleak_object *object;

        object = find_and_get_object(ptr, 0);
        if (!object) {
                kmemleak_warn("Not scanning unknown object at 0x%08lx\n", ptr);
                return;
        }

        raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&object->lock, flags);
        object->flags |= OBJECT_NO_SCAN;
        raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&object->lock, flags);
        put_object(object);
}

/**
 * kmemleak_alloc - register a newly allocated object
 * @ptr:        pointer to beginning of the object
 * @size:       size of the object
 * @min_count:  minimum number of references to this object. If during memory
 *              scanning a number of references less than @min_count is found,
 *              the object is reported as a memory leak. If @min_count is 0,
 *              the object is never reported as a leak. If @min_count is -1,
 *              the object is ignored (not scanned and not reported as a leak)
 * @gfp:        kmalloc() flags used for kmemleak internal memory allocations
 *
 * This function is called from the kernel allocators when a new object
 * (memory block) is allocated (kmem_cache_alloc, kmalloc etc.).
 */
void __ref kmemleak_alloc(const void *ptr, size_t size, int min_count,
                          gfp_t gfp)
{
        pr_debug("%s(0x%p, %zu, %d)\n", __func__, ptr, size, min_count);

        if (kmemleak_enabled && ptr && !IS_ERR(ptr))
                create_object((unsigned long)ptr, size, min_count, gfp);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(kmemleak_alloc);

/**
 * kmemleak_alloc_percpu - register a newly allocated __percpu object
 * @ptr:        __percpu pointer to beginning of the object
 * @size:       size of the object
 * @gfp:        flags used for kmemleak internal memory allocations
 *
 * This function is called from the kernel percpu allocator when a new object
 * (memory block) is allocated (alloc_percpu).
 */
void __ref kmemleak_alloc_percpu(const void __percpu *ptr, size_t size,
                                 gfp_t gfp)
{
        unsigned int cpu;

        pr_debug("%s(0x%p, %zu)\n", __func__, ptr, size);

        /*
         * Percpu allocations are only scanned and not reported as leaks
         * (min_count is set to 0).
         */
        if (kmemleak_enabled && ptr && !IS_ERR(ptr))
                for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
                        create_object((unsigned long)per_cpu_ptr(ptr, cpu),
                                      size, 0, gfp);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(kmemleak_alloc_percpu);

/**
 * kmemleak_vmalloc - register a newly vmalloc'ed object
 * @area:       pointer to vm_struct
 * @size:       size of the object
 * @gfp:        __vmalloc() flags used for kmemleak internal memory allocations
 *
 * This function is called from the vmalloc() kernel allocator when a new
 * object (memory block) is allocated.
 */
void __ref kmemleak_vmalloc(const struct vm_struct *area, size_t size, gfp_t gfp)
{
        pr_debug("%s(0x%p, %zu)\n", __func__, area, size);

        /*
         * A min_count = 2 is needed because vm_struct contains a reference to
         * the virtual address of the vmalloc'ed block.
         */
        if (kmemleak_enabled) {
                create_object((unsigned long)area->addr, size, 2, gfp);
                object_set_excess_ref((unsigned long)area,
                                      (unsigned long)area->addr);
        }
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(kmemleak_vmalloc);

/**
 * kmemleak_free - unregister a previously registered object
 * @ptr:        pointer to beginning of the object
 *
 * This function is called from the kernel allocators when an object (memory
 * block) is freed (kmem_cache_free, kfree, vfree etc.).
 */
void __ref kmemleak_free(const void *ptr)
{
        pr_debug("%s(0x%p)\n", __func__, ptr);

        if (kmemleak_free_enabled && ptr && !IS_ERR(ptr))
                delete_object_full((unsigned long)ptr);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(kmemleak_free);

/**
 * kmemleak_free_part - partially unregister a previously registered object
 * @ptr:        pointer to the beginning or inside the object. This also
 *              represents the start of the range to be freed
 * @size:       size to be unregistered
 *
 * This function is called when only a part of a memory block is freed
 * (usually from the bootmem allocator).
 */
void __ref kmemleak_free_part(const void *ptr, size_t size)
{
        pr_debug("%s(0x%p)\n", __func__, ptr);

        if (kmemleak_enabled && ptr && !IS_ERR(ptr))
                delete_object_part((unsigned long)ptr, size, false);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(kmemleak_free_part);

/**
 * kmemleak_free_percpu - unregister a previously registered __percpu object
 * @ptr:        __percpu pointer to beginning of the object
 *
 * This function is called from the kernel percpu allocator when an object
 * (memory block) is freed (free_percpu).
 */
void __ref kmemleak_free_percpu(const void __percpu *ptr)
{
        unsigned int cpu;

        pr_debug("%s(0x%p)\n", __func__, ptr);

        if (kmemleak_free_enabled && ptr && !IS_ERR(ptr))
                for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
                        delete_object_full((unsigned long)per_cpu_ptr(ptr,
                                                                      cpu));
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(kmemleak_free_percpu);

/**
 * kmemleak_update_trace - update object allocation stack trace
 * @ptr:        pointer to beginning of the object
 *
 * Override the object allocation stack trace for cases where the actual
 * allocation place is not always useful.
 */
void __ref kmemleak_update_trace(const void *ptr)
{
        struct kmemleak_object *object;
        unsigned long flags;

        pr_debug("%s(0x%p)\n", __func__, ptr);

        if (!kmemleak_enabled || IS_ERR_OR_NULL(ptr))
                return;

        object = find_and_get_object((unsigned long)ptr, 1);
        if (!object) {
#ifdef DEBUG
                kmemleak_warn("Updating stack trace for unknown object at %p\n",
                              ptr);
#endif
                return;
        }

        raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&object->lock, flags);
        object->trace_len = __save_stack_trace(object->trace);
        raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&object->lock, flags);

        put_object(object);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(kmemleak_update_trace);

/**
 * kmemleak_not_leak - mark an allocated object as false positive
 * @ptr:        pointer to beginning of the object
 *
 * Calling this function on an object will cause the memory block to no longer
 * be reported as leak and always be scanned.
 */
void __ref kmemleak_not_leak(const void *ptr)
{
        pr_debug("%s(0x%p)\n", __func__, ptr);

        if (kmemleak_enabled && ptr && !IS_ERR(ptr))
                make_gray_object((unsigned long)ptr);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(kmemleak_not_leak);

/**
 * kmemleak_ignore - ignore an allocated object
 * @ptr:        pointer to beginning of the object
 *
 * Calling this function on an object will cause the memory block to be
 * ignored (not scanned and not reported as a leak). This is usually done when
 * it is known that the corresponding block is not a leak and does not contain
 * any references to other allocated memory blocks.
 */
void __ref kmemleak_ignore(const void *ptr)
{
        pr_debug("%s(0x%p)\n", __func__, ptr);

        if (kmemleak_enabled && ptr && !IS_ERR(ptr))
                make_black_object((unsigned long)ptr, false);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(kmemleak_ignore);

/**
 * kmemleak_scan_area - limit the range to be scanned in an allocated object
 * @ptr:        pointer to beginning or inside the object. This also
 *              represents the start of the scan area
 * @size:       size of the scan area
 * @gfp:        kmalloc() flags used for kmemleak internal memory allocations
 *
 * This function is used when it is known that only certain parts of an object
 * contain references to other objects. Kmemleak will only scan these areas
 * reducing the number false negatives.
 */
void __ref kmemleak_scan_area(const void *ptr, size_t size, gfp_t gfp)
{
        pr_debug("%s(0x%p)\n", __func__, ptr);

        if (kmemleak_enabled && ptr && size && !IS_ERR(ptr))
                add_scan_area((unsigned long)ptr, size, gfp);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(kmemleak_scan_area);

/**
 * kmemleak_no_scan - do not scan an allocated object
 * @ptr:        pointer to beginning of the object
 *
 * This function notifies kmemleak not to scan the given memory block. Useful
 * in situations where it is known that the given object does not contain any
 * references to other objects. Kmemleak will not scan such objects reducing
 * the number of false negatives.
 */
void __ref kmemleak_no_scan(const void *ptr)
{
        pr_debug("%s(0x%p)\n", __func__, ptr);

        if (kmemleak_enabled && ptr && !IS_ERR(ptr))
                object_no_scan((unsigned long)ptr);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(kmemleak_no_scan);

/**
 * kmemleak_alloc_phys - similar to kmemleak_alloc but taking a physical
 *                       address argument
 * @phys:       physical address of the object
 * @size:       size of the object
 * @gfp:        kmalloc() flags used for kmemleak internal memory allocations
 */
void __ref kmemleak_alloc_phys(phys_addr_t phys, size_t size, gfp_t gfp)
{
        pr_debug("%s(0x%pa, %zu)\n", __func__, &phys, size);

        if (kmemleak_enabled)
                /*
                 * Create object with OBJECT_PHYS flag and
                 * assume min_count 0.
                 */
                create_object_phys((unsigned long)phys, size, 0, gfp);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(kmemleak_alloc_phys);

/**
 * kmemleak_free_part_phys - similar to kmemleak_free_part but taking a
 *                           physical address argument
 * @phys:       physical address if the beginning or inside an object. This
 *              also represents the start of the range to be freed
 * @size:       size to be unregistered
 */
void __ref kmemleak_free_part_phys(phys_addr_t phys, size_t size)
{
        pr_debug("%s(0x%pa)\n", __func__, &phys);

        if (kmemleak_enabled)
                delete_object_part((unsigned long)phys, size, true);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(kmemleak_free_part_phys);

/**
 * kmemleak_ignore_phys - similar to kmemleak_ignore but taking a physical
 *                        address argument
 * @phys:       physical address of the object
 */
void __ref kmemleak_ignore_phys(phys_addr_t phys)
{
        pr_debug("%s(0x%pa)\n", __func__, &phys);

        if (kmemleak_enabled)
                make_black_object((unsigned long)phys, true);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(kmemleak_ignore_phys);

/*
 * Update an object's checksum and return true if it was modified.
 */
static bool update_checksum(struct kmemleak_object *object)
{
        u32 old_csum = object->checksum;

        if (WARN_ON_ONCE(object->flags & OBJECT_PHYS))
                return false;

        kasan_disable_current();
        kcsan_disable_current();
        object->checksum = crc32(0, kasan_reset_tag((void *)object->pointer), object->size);
        kasan_enable_current();
        kcsan_enable_current();

        return object->checksum != old_csum;
}

/*
 * Update an object's references. object->lock must be held by the caller.
 */
static void update_refs(struct kmemleak_object *object)
{
        if (!color_white(object)) {
                /* non-orphan, ignored or new */
                return;
        }

        /*
         * Increase the object's reference count (number of pointers to the
         * memory block). If this count reaches the required minimum, the
         * object's color will become gray and it will be added to the
         * gray_list.
         */
        object->count++;
        if (color_gray(object)) {
                /* put_object() called when removing from gray_list */
                WARN_ON(!get_object(object));
                list_add_tail(&object->gray_list, &gray_list);
        }
}

/*
 * Memory scanning is a long process and it needs to be interruptible. This
 * function checks whether such interrupt condition occurred.
 */
static int scan_should_stop(void)
{
        if (!kmemleak_enabled)
                return 1;

        /*
         * This function may be called from either process or kthread context,
         * hence the need to check for both stop conditions.
         */
        if (current->mm)
                return signal_pending(current);
        else
                return kthread_should_stop();

        return 0;
}

/*
 * Scan a memory block (exclusive range) for valid pointers and add those
 * found to the gray list.
 */
static void scan_block(void *_start, void *_end,
                       struct kmemleak_object *scanned)
{
        unsigned long *ptr;
        unsigned long *start = PTR_ALIGN(_start, BYTES_PER_POINTER);
        unsigned long *end = _end - (BYTES_PER_POINTER - 1);
        unsigned long flags;
        unsigned long untagged_ptr;

        raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&kmemleak_lock, flags);
        for (ptr = start; ptr < end; ptr++) {
                struct kmemleak_object *object;
                unsigned long pointer;
                unsigned long excess_ref;

                if (scan_should_stop())
                        break;

                kasan_disable_current();
                pointer = *(unsigned long *)kasan_reset_tag((void *)ptr);
                kasan_enable_current();

                untagged_ptr = (unsigned long)kasan_reset_tag((void *)pointer);
                if (untagged_ptr < min_addr || untagged_ptr >= max_addr)
                        continue;

                /*
                 * No need for get_object() here since we hold kmemleak_lock.
                 * object->use_count cannot be dropped to 0 while the object
                 * is still present in object_tree_root and object_list
                 * (with updates protected by kmemleak_lock).
                 */
                object = lookup_object(pointer, 1);
                if (!object)
                        continue;
                if (object == scanned)
                        /* self referenced, ignore */
                        continue;

                /*
                 * Avoid the lockdep recursive warning on object->lock being
                 * previously acquired in scan_object(). These locks are
                 * enclosed by scan_mutex.
                 */
                raw_spin_lock_nested(&object->lock, SINGLE_DEPTH_NESTING);
                /* only pass surplus references (object already gray) */
                if (color_gray(object)) {
                        excess_ref = object->excess_ref;
                        /* no need for update_refs() if object already gray */
                } else {
                        excess_ref = 0;
                        update_refs(object);
                }
                raw_spin_unlock(&object->lock);

                if (excess_ref) {
                        object = lookup_object(excess_ref, 0);
                        if (!object)
                                continue;
                        if (object == scanned)
                                /* circular reference, ignore */
                                continue;
                        raw_spin_lock_nested(&object->lock, SINGLE_DEPTH_NESTING);
                        update_refs(object);
                        raw_spin_unlock(&object->lock);
                }
        }
        raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&kmemleak_lock, flags);
}

/*
 * Scan a large memory block in MAX_SCAN_SIZE chunks to reduce the latency.
 */
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
static void scan_large_block(void *start, void *end)
{
        void *next;

        while (start < end) {
                next = min(start + MAX_SCAN_SIZE, end);
                scan_block(start, next, NULL);
                start = next;
                cond_resched();
        }
}
#endif

/*
 * Scan a memory block corresponding to a kmemleak_object. A condition is
 * that object->use_count >= 1.
 */
static void scan_object(struct kmemleak_object *object)
{
        struct kmemleak_scan_area *area;
        unsigned long flags;
        void *obj_ptr;

        /*
         * Once the object->lock is acquired, the corresponding memory block
         * cannot be freed (the same lock is acquired in delete_object).
         */
        raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&object->lock, flags);
        if (object->flags & OBJECT_NO_SCAN)
                goto out;
        if (!(object->flags & OBJECT_ALLOCATED))
                /* already freed object */
                goto out;

        obj_ptr = object->flags & OBJECT_PHYS ?
                  __va((phys_addr_t)object->pointer) :
                  (void *)object->pointer;

        if (hlist_empty(&object->area_list) ||
            object->flags & OBJECT_FULL_SCAN) {
                void *start = obj_ptr;
                void *end = obj_ptr + object->size;
                void *next;

                do {
                        next = min(start + MAX_SCAN_SIZE, end);
                        scan_block(start, next, object);

                        start = next;
                        if (start >= end)
                                break;

                        raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&object->lock, flags);
                        cond_resched();
                        raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&object->lock, flags);
                } while (object->flags & OBJECT_ALLOCATED);
        } else
                hlist_for_each_entry(area, &object->area_list, node)
                        scan_block((void *)area->start,
                                   (void *)(area->start + area->size),
                                   object);
out:
        raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&object->lock, flags);
}

/*
 * Scan the objects already referenced (gray objects). More objects will be
 * referenced and, if there are no memory leaks, all the objects are scanned.
 */
static void scan_gray_list(void)
{
        struct kmemleak_object *object, *tmp;

        /*
         * The list traversal is safe for both tail additions and removals
         * from inside the loop. The kmemleak objects cannot be freed from
         * outside the loop because their use_count was incremented.
         */
        object = list_entry(gray_list.next, typeof(*object), gray_list);
        while (&object->gray_list != &gray_list) {
                cond_resched();

                /* may add new objects to the list */
                if (!scan_should_stop())
                        scan_object(object);

                tmp = list_entry(object->gray_list.next, typeof(*object),
                                 gray_list);

                /* remove the object from the list and release it */
                list_del(&object->gray_list);
                put_object(object);

                object = tmp;
        }
        WARN_ON(!list_empty(&gray_list));
}

/*
 * Scan data sections and all the referenced memory blocks allocated via the
 * kernel's standard allocators. This function must be called with the
 * scan_mutex held.
 */
static void kmemleak_scan(void)
{
        struct kmemleak_object *object;
        struct zone *zone;
        int __maybe_unused i;
        int new_leaks = 0;
        int loop1_cnt = 0;

        jiffies_last_scan = jiffies;

        /* prepare the kmemleak_object's */
        rcu_read_lock();
        list_for_each_entry_rcu(object, &object_list, object_list) {
                bool obj_pinned = false;

                loop1_cnt++;
                raw_spin_lock_irq(&object->lock);
#ifdef DEBUG
                /*
                 * With a few exceptions there should be a maximum of
                 * 1 reference to any object at this point.
                 */
                if (atomic_read(&object->use_count) > 1) {
                        pr_debug("object->use_count = %d\n",
                                 atomic_read(&object->use_count));
                        dump_object_info(object);
                }
#endif

                /* ignore objects outside lowmem (paint them black) */
                if ((object->flags & OBJECT_PHYS) &&
                   !(object->flags & OBJECT_NO_SCAN)) {
                        unsigned long phys = object->pointer;

                        if (PHYS_PFN(phys) < min_low_pfn ||
                            PHYS_PFN(phys + object->size) >= max_low_pfn)
                                __paint_it(object, KMEMLEAK_BLACK);
                }

                /* reset the reference count (whiten the object) */
                object->count = 0;
                if (color_gray(object) && get_object(object)) {
                        list_add_tail(&object->gray_list, &gray_list);
                        obj_pinned = true;
                }

                raw_spin_unlock_irq(&object->lock);

                /*
                 * Do a cond_resched() to avoid soft lockup every 64k objects.
                 * Make sure a reference has been taken so that the object
                 * won't go away without RCU read lock.
                 */
                if (!(loop1_cnt & 0xffff)) {
                        if (!obj_pinned && !get_object(object)) {
                                /* Try the next object instead */
                                loop1_cnt--;
                                continue;
                        }

                        rcu_read_unlock();
                        cond_resched();
                        rcu_read_lock();

                        if (!obj_pinned)
                                put_object(object);
                }
        }
        rcu_read_unlock();

#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
        /* per-cpu sections scanning */
        for_each_possible_cpu(i)
                scan_large_block(__per_cpu_start + per_cpu_offset(i),
                                 __per_cpu_end + per_cpu_offset(i));
#endif

        /*
         * Struct page scanning for each node.
         */
        get_online_mems();
        for_each_populated_zone(zone) {
                unsigned long start_pfn = zone->zone_start_pfn;
                unsigned long end_pfn = zone_end_pfn(zone);
                unsigned long pfn;

                for (pfn = start_pfn; pfn < end_pfn; pfn++) {
                        struct page *page = pfn_to_online_page(pfn);

                        if (!page)
                                continue;

                        /* only scan pages belonging to this zone */
                        if (page_zone(page) != zone)
                                continue;
                        /* only scan if page is in use */
                        if (page_count(page) == 0)
                                continue;
                        scan_block(page, page + 1, NULL);
                        if (!(pfn & 63))
                                cond_resched();
                }
        }
        put_online_mems();

        /*
         * Scanning the task stacks (may introduce false negatives).
         */
        if (kmemleak_stack_scan) {
                struct task_struct *p, *g;

                rcu_read_lock();
                for_each_process_thread(g, p) {
                        void *stack = try_get_task_stack(p);
                        if (stack) {
                                scan_block(stack, stack + THREAD_SIZE, NULL);
                                put_task_stack(p);
                        }
                }
                rcu_read_unlock();
        }

        /*
         * Scan the objects already referenced from the sections scanned
         * above.
         */
        scan_gray_list();

        /*
         * Check for new or unreferenced objects modified since the previous
         * scan and color them gray until the next scan.
         */
        rcu_read_lock();
        list_for_each_entry_rcu(object, &object_list, object_list) {
                /*
                 * This is racy but we can save the overhead of lock/unlock
                 * calls. The missed objects, if any, should be caught in
                 * the next scan.
                 */
                if (!color_white(object))
                        continue;
                raw_spin_lock_irq(&object->lock);
                if (color_white(object) && (object->flags & OBJECT_ALLOCATED)
                    && update_checksum(object) && get_object(object)) {
                        /* color it gray temporarily */
                        object->count = object->min_count;
                        list_add_tail(&object->gray_list, &gray_list);
                }
                raw_spin_unlock_irq(&object->lock);
        }
        rcu_read_unlock();

        /*
         * Re-scan the gray list for modified unreferenced objects.
         */
        scan_gray_list();

        /*
         * If scanning was stopped do not report any new unreferenced objects.
         */
        if (scan_should_stop())
                return;

        /*
         * Scanning result reporting.
         */
        rcu_read_lock();
        list_for_each_entry_rcu(object, &object_list, object_list) {
                /*
                 * This is racy but we can save the overhead of lock/unlock
                 * calls. The missed objects, if any, should be caught in
                 * the next scan.
                 */
                if (!color_white(object))
                        continue;
                raw_spin_lock_irq(&object->lock);
                if (unreferenced_object(object) &&
                    !(object->flags & OBJECT_REPORTED)) {
                        object->flags |= OBJECT_REPORTED;

                        if (kmemleak_verbose)
                                print_unreferenced(NULL, object);

                        new_leaks++;
                }
                raw_spin_unlock_irq(&object->lock);
        }
        rcu_read_unlock();

        if (new_leaks) {
                kmemleak_found_leaks = true;

                pr_info("%d new suspected memory leaks (see /sys/kernel/debug/kmemleak)\n",
                        new_leaks);
        }

}

/*
 * Thread function performing automatic memory scanning. Unreferenced objects
 * at the end of a memory scan are reported but only the first time.
 */
static int kmemleak_scan_thread(void *arg)
{
        static int first_run = IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_DEBUG_KMEMLEAK_AUTO_SCAN);

        pr_info("Automatic memory scanning thread started\n");
        set_user_nice(current, 10);

        /*
         * Wait before the first scan to allow the system to fully initialize.
         */
        if (first_run) {
                signed long timeout = msecs_to_jiffies(SECS_FIRST_SCAN * 1000);
                first_run = 0;
                while (timeout && !kthread_should_stop())
                        timeout = schedule_timeout_interruptible(timeout);
        }

        while (!kthread_should_stop()) {
                signed long timeout = READ_ONCE(jiffies_scan_wait);

                mutex_lock(&scan_mutex);
                kmemleak_scan();
                mutex_unlock(&scan_mutex);

                /* wait before the next scan */
                while (timeout && !kthread_should_stop())
                        timeout = schedule_timeout_interruptible(timeout);
        }

        pr_info("Automatic memory scanning thread ended\n");

        return 0;
}

/*
 * Start the automatic memory scanning thread. This function must be called
 * with the scan_mutex held.
 */
static void start_scan_thread(void)
{
        if (scan_thread)
                return;
        scan_thread = kthread_run(kmemleak_scan_thread, NULL, "kmemleak");
        if (IS_ERR(scan_thread)) {
                pr_warn("Failed to create the scan thread\n");
                scan_thread = NULL;
        }
}

/*
 * Stop the automatic memory scanning thread.
 */
static void stop_scan_thread(void)
{
        if (scan_thread) {
                kthread_stop(scan_thread);
                scan_thread = NULL;
        }
}

/*
 * Iterate over the object_list and return the first valid object at or after
 * the required position with its use_count incremented. The function triggers
 * a memory scanning when the pos argument points to the first position.
 */
static void *kmemleak_seq_start(struct seq_file *seq, loff_t *pos)
{
        struct kmemleak_object *object;
        loff_t n = *pos;
        int err;

        err = mutex_lock_interruptible(&scan_mutex);
        if (err < 0)
                return ERR_PTR(err);

        rcu_read_lock();
        list_for_each_entry_rcu(object, &object_list, object_list) {
                if (n-- > 0)
                        continue;
                if (get_object(object))
                        goto out;
        }
        object = NULL;
out:
        return object;
}

/*
 * Return the next object in the object_list. The function decrements the
 * use_count of the previous object and increases that of the next one.
 */
static void *kmemleak_seq_next(struct seq_file *seq, void *v, loff_t *pos)
{
        struct kmemleak_object *prev_obj = v;
        struct kmemleak_object *next_obj = NULL;
        struct kmemleak_object *obj = prev_obj;

        ++(*pos);

        list_for_each_entry_continue_rcu(obj, &object_list, object_list) {
                if (get_object(obj)) {
                        next_obj = obj;
                        break;
                }
        }

        put_object(prev_obj);
        return next_obj;
}

/*
 * Decrement the use_count of the last object required, if any.
 */
static void kmemleak_seq_stop(struct seq_file *seq, void *v)
{
        if (!IS_ERR(v)) {
                /*
                 * kmemleak_seq_start may return ERR_PTR if the scan_mutex
                 * waiting was interrupted, so only release it if !IS_ERR.
                 */
                rcu_read_unlock();
                mutex_unlock(&scan_mutex);
                if (v)
                        put_object(v);
        }
}

/*
 * Print the information for an unreferenced object to the seq file.
 */
static int kmemleak_seq_show(struct seq_file *seq, void *v)
{
        struct kmemleak_object *object = v;
        unsigned long flags;

        raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&object->lock, flags);
        if ((object->flags & OBJECT_REPORTED) && unreferenced_object(object))
                print_unreferenced(seq, object);
        raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&object->lock, flags);
        return 0;
}

static const struct seq_operations kmemleak_seq_ops = {
        .start = kmemleak_seq_start,
        .next  = kmemleak_seq_next,
        .stop  = kmemleak_seq_stop,
        .show  = kmemleak_seq_show,
};

static int kmemleak_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
        return seq_open(file, &kmemleak_seq_ops);
}

static int dump_str_object_info(const char *str)
{
        unsigned long flags;
        struct kmemleak_object *object;
        unsigned long addr;

        if (kstrtoul(str, 0, &addr))
                return -EINVAL;
        object = find_and_get_object(addr, 0);
        if (!object) {
                pr_info("Unknown object at 0x%08lx\n", addr);
                return -EINVAL;
        }

        raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&object->lock, flags);
        dump_object_info(object);
        raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&object->lock, flags);

        put_object(object);
        return 0;
}

/*
 * We use grey instead of black to ensure we can do future scans on the same
 * objects. If we did not do future scans these black objects could
 * potentially contain references to newly allocated objects in the future and
 * we'd end up with false positives.
 */
static void kmemleak_clear(void)
{
        struct kmemleak_object *object;

        rcu_read_lock();
        list_for_each_entry_rcu(object, &object_list, object_list) {
                raw_spin_lock_irq(&object->lock);
                if ((object->flags & OBJECT_REPORTED) &&
                    unreferenced_object(object))
                        __paint_it(object, KMEMLEAK_GREY);
                raw_spin_unlock_irq(&object->lock);
        }
        rcu_read_unlock();

        kmemleak_found_leaks = false;
}

static void __kmemleak_do_cleanup(void);

/*
 * File write operation to configure kmemleak at run-time. The following
 * commands can be written to the /sys/kernel/debug/kmemleak file:
 *   off        - disable kmemleak (irreversible)
 *   stack=on   - enable the task stacks scanning
 *   stack=off  - disable the tasks stacks scanning
 *   scan=on    - start the automatic memory scanning thread
 *   scan=off   - stop the automatic memory scanning thread
 *   scan=...   - set the automatic memory scanning period in seconds (0 to
 *                disable it)
 *   scan       - trigger a memory scan
 *   clear      - mark all current reported unreferenced kmemleak objects as
 *                grey to ignore printing them, or free all kmemleak objects
 *                if kmemleak has been disabled.
 *   dump=...   - dump information about the object found at the given address
 */
static ssize_t kmemleak_write(struct file *file, const char __user *user_buf,
                              size_t size, loff_t *ppos)
{
        char buf[64];
        int buf_size;
        int ret;

        buf_size = min(size, (sizeof(buf) - 1));
        if (strncpy_from_user(buf, user_buf, buf_size) < 0)
                return -EFAULT;
        buf[buf_size] = 0;

        ret = mutex_lock_interruptible(&scan_mutex);
        if (ret < 0)
                return ret;

        if (strncmp(buf, "clear", 5) == 0) {
                if (kmemleak_enabled)
                        kmemleak_clear();
                else
                        __kmemleak_do_cleanup();
                goto out;
        }

        if (!kmemleak_enabled) {
                ret = -EPERM;
                goto out;
        }

        if (strncmp(buf, "off", 3) == 0)
                kmemleak_disable();
        else if (strncmp(buf, "stack=on", 8) == 0)
                kmemleak_stack_scan = 1;
        else if (strncmp(buf, "stack=off", 9) == 0)
                kmemleak_stack_scan = 0;
        else if (strncmp(buf, "scan=on", 7) == 0)
                start_scan_thread();
        else if (strncmp(buf, "scan=off", 8) == 0)
                stop_scan_thread();
        else if (strncmp(buf, "scan=", 5) == 0) {
                unsigned secs;
                unsigned long msecs;

                ret = kstrtouint(buf + 5, 0, &secs);
                if (ret < 0)
                        goto out;

                msecs = secs * MSEC_PER_SEC;
                if (msecs > UINT_MAX)
                        msecs = UINT_MAX;

                stop_scan_thread();
                if (msecs) {
                        WRITE_ONCE(jiffies_scan_wait, msecs_to_jiffies(msecs));
                        start_scan_thread();
                }
        } else if (strncmp(buf, "scan", 4) == 0)
                kmemleak_scan();
        else if (strncmp(buf, "dump=", 5) == 0)
                ret = dump_str_object_info(buf + 5);
        else
                ret = -EINVAL;

out:
        mutex_unlock(&scan_mutex);
        if (ret < 0)
                return ret;

        /* ignore the rest of the buffer, only one command at a time */
        *ppos += size;
        return size;
}

static const struct file_operations kmemleak_fops = {
        .owner          = THIS_MODULE,
        .open           = kmemleak_open,
        .read           = seq_read,
        .write          = kmemleak_write,
        .llseek         = seq_lseek,
        .release        = seq_release,
};

static void __kmemleak_do_cleanup(void)
{
        struct kmemleak_object *object, *tmp;

        /*
         * Kmemleak has already been disabled, no need for RCU list traversal
         * or kmemleak_lock held.
         */
        list_for_each_entry_safe(object, tmp, &object_list, object_list) {
                __remove_object(object);
                __delete_object(object);
        }
}

/*
 * Stop the memory scanning thread and free the kmemleak internal objects if
 * no previous scan thread (otherwise, kmemleak may still have some useful
 * information on memory leaks).
 */
static void kmemleak_do_cleanup(struct work_struct *work)
{
        stop_scan_thread();

        mutex_lock(&scan_mutex);
        /*
         * Once it is made sure that kmemleak_scan has stopped, it is safe to no
         * longer track object freeing. Ordering of the scan thread stopping and
         * the memory accesses below is guaranteed by the kthread_stop()
         * function.
         */
        kmemleak_free_enabled = 0;
        mutex_unlock(&scan_mutex);

        if (!kmemleak_found_leaks)
                __kmemleak_do_cleanup();
        else
                pr_info("Kmemleak disabled without freeing internal data. Reclaim the memory with \"echo clear > /sys/kernel/debug/kmemleak\".\n");
}

static DECLARE_WORK(cleanup_work, kmemleak_do_cleanup);

/*
 * Disable kmemleak. No memory allocation/freeing will be traced once this
 * function is called. Disabling kmemleak is an irreversible operation.
 */
static void kmemleak_disable(void)
{
        /* atomically check whether it was already invoked */
        if (cmpxchg(&kmemleak_error, 0, 1))
                return;

        /* stop any memory operation tracing */
        kmemleak_enabled = 0;

        /* check whether it is too early for a kernel thread */
        if (kmemleak_initialized)
                schedule_work(&cleanup_work);
        else
                kmemleak_free_enabled = 0;

        pr_info("Kernel memory leak detector disabled\n");
}

/*
 * Allow boot-time kmemleak disabling (enabled by default).
 */
static int __init kmemleak_boot_config(char *str)
{
        if (!str)
                return -EINVAL;
        if (strcmp(str, "off") == 0)
                kmemleak_disable();
        else if (strcmp(str, "on") == 0)
                kmemleak_skip_disable = 1;
        else
                return -EINVAL;
        return 0;
}
early_param("kmemleak", kmemleak_boot_config);

/*
 * Kmemleak initialization.
 */
void __init kmemleak_init(void)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_KMEMLEAK_DEFAULT_OFF
        if (!kmemleak_skip_disable) {
                kmemleak_disable();
                return;
        }
#endif

        if (kmemleak_error)
                return;

        jiffies_min_age = msecs_to_jiffies(MSECS_MIN_AGE);
        jiffies_scan_wait = msecs_to_jiffies(SECS_SCAN_WAIT * 1000);

        object_cache = KMEM_CACHE(kmemleak_object, SLAB_NOLEAKTRACE);
        scan_area_cache = KMEM_CACHE(kmemleak_scan_area, SLAB_NOLEAKTRACE);

        /* register the data/bss sections */
        create_object((unsigned long)_sdata, _edata - _sdata,
                      KMEMLEAK_GREY, GFP_ATOMIC);
        create_object((unsigned long)__bss_start, __bss_stop - __bss_start,
                      KMEMLEAK_GREY, GFP_ATOMIC);
        /* only register .data..ro_after_init if not within .data */
        if (&__start_ro_after_init < &_sdata || &__end_ro_after_init > &_edata)
                create_object((unsigned long)__start_ro_after_init,
                              __end_ro_after_init - __start_ro_after_init,
                              KMEMLEAK_GREY, GFP_ATOMIC);
}

/*
 * Late initialization function.
 */
static int __init kmemleak_late_init(void)
{
        kmemleak_initialized = 1;

        debugfs_create_file("kmemleak", 0644, NULL, NULL, &kmemleak_fops);

        if (kmemleak_error) {
                /*
                 * Some error occurred and kmemleak was disabled. There is a
                 * small chance that kmemleak_disable() was called immediately
                 * after setting kmemleak_initialized and we may end up with
                 * two clean-up threads but serialized by scan_mutex.
                 */
                schedule_work(&cleanup_work);
                return -ENOMEM;
        }

        if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_DEBUG_KMEMLEAK_AUTO_SCAN)) {
                mutex_lock(&scan_mutex);
                start_scan_thread();
                mutex_unlock(&scan_mutex);
        }

        pr_info("Kernel memory leak detector initialized (mem pool available: %d)\n",
                mem_pool_free_count);

        return 0;
}
late_initcall(kmemleak_late_init);