Documentation/translations/zh_TW/process/magic-number.rst

   1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
   2
   3 .. _tw_magicnumbers:
   4
   5 .. include:: ../disclaimer-zh_TW.rst
   6
   7 :Original: :ref:`Documentation/process/magic-number.rst <magicnumbers>`
   8
   9 如果想評論或更新本文的內容，請直接發信到LKML。如果你使用英文交流有困難的話，也可
  10 以向中文版維護者求助。如果本翻譯更新不及時或者翻譯存在問題，請聯繫中文版維護者::
  11
  12         中文版維護者： 賈威威 Jia Wei Wei <harryxiyou@gmail.com>
  13         中文版翻譯者： 賈威威 Jia Wei Wei <harryxiyou@gmail.com>
  14         中文版校譯者： 賈威威 Jia Wei Wei <harryxiyou@gmail.com>
  15                       胡皓文 Hu Haowen <src.res@email.cn>
  16
  17 Linux 魔術數
  18 ============
  19
  20 這個文件是有關當前使用的魔術值註冊表。當你給一個結構添加了一個魔術值，你也應該把這個魔術值添加到這個文件，因爲我們最好把用於各種結構的魔術值統一起來。
  21
  22 使用魔術值來保護內核數據結構是一個非常好的主意。這就允許你在運行期檢查(a)一個結構是否已經被攻擊，或者(b)你已經給一個例行程序通過了一個錯誤的結構。後一種情況特別地有用---特別是當你通過一個空指針指向結構體的時候。tty源碼，例如，經常通過特定驅動使用這種方法並且反覆地排列特定方面的結構。
  23
  24 使用魔術值的方法是在結構的開始處聲明的，如下::
  25
  26         struct tty_ldisc {
  27                 int     magic;
  28                 ...
  29         };
  30
  31 當你以後給內核添加增強功能的時候，請遵守這條規則！這樣就會節省數不清的調試時間，特別是一些古怪的情況，例如，數組超出範圍並且重新寫了超出部分。遵守這個規則，‪這些情況可以被快速地，安全地避免。
  32
  33                 Theodore Ts'o
  34                   31 Mar 94
  35
  36 給當前的Linux 2.1.55添加魔術表。
  37
  38                 Michael Chastain
  39                 <mailto:mec@shout.net>
  40                 22 Sep 1997
  41
  42 現在應該最新的Linux 2.1.112.因爲在特性凍結期間，不能在2.2.x前改變任何東西。這些條目被數域所排序。
  43
  44                 Krzysztof G.Baranowski
  45                 <mailto: kgb@knm.org.pl>
  46                 29 Jul 1998
  47
  48 更新魔術表到Linux 2.5.45。剛好越過特性凍結，但是有可能還會有一些新的魔術值在2.6.x之前融入到內核中。
  49
  50                 Petr Baudis
  51                 <pasky@ucw.cz>
  52                 03 Nov 2002
  53
  54 更新魔術表到Linux 2.5.74。
  55
  56                 Fabian Frederick
  57                 <ffrederick@users.sourceforge.net>
  58                 09 Jul 2003
  59
  60 ===================== ================ ======================== ==========================================
  61 魔術數名              數字             結構                     文件
  62 ===================== ================ ======================== ==========================================
  63 PG_MAGIC              'P'              pg_{read,write}_hdr      ``include/linux/pg.h``
  64 CMAGIC                0x0111           user                     ``include/linux/a.out.h``
  65 MKISS_DRIVER_MAGIC    0x04bf           mkiss_channel            ``drivers/net/mkiss.h``
  66 HDLC_MAGIC            0x239e           n_hdlc                   ``drivers/char/n_hdlc.c``
  67 APM_BIOS_MAGIC        0x4101           apm_user                 ``arch/x86/kernel/apm_32.c``
  68 DB_MAGIC              0x4442           fc_info                  ``drivers/net/iph5526_novram.c``
  69 DL_MAGIC              0x444d           fc_info                  ``drivers/net/iph5526_novram.c``
  70 FASYNC_MAGIC          0x4601           fasync_struct            ``include/linux/fs.h``
  71 FF_MAGIC              0x4646           fc_info                  ``drivers/net/iph5526_novram.c``
  72 PTY_MAGIC             0x5001                                    ``drivers/char/pty.c``
  73 PPP_MAGIC             0x5002           ppp                      ``include/linux/if_pppvar.h``
  74 SSTATE_MAGIC          0x5302           serial_state             ``include/linux/serial.h``
  75 SLIP_MAGIC            0x5302           slip                     ``drivers/net/slip.h``
  76 STRIP_MAGIC           0x5303           strip                    ``drivers/net/strip.c``
  77 SIXPACK_MAGIC         0x5304           sixpack                  ``drivers/net/hamradio/6pack.h``
  78 AX25_MAGIC            0x5316           ax_disp                  ``drivers/net/mkiss.h``
  79 TTY_MAGIC             0x5401           tty_struct               ``include/linux/tty.h``
  80 MGSL_MAGIC            0x5401           mgsl_info                ``drivers/char/synclink.c``
  81 TTY_DRIVER_MAGIC      0x5402           tty_driver               ``include/linux/tty_driver.h``
  82 MGSLPC_MAGIC          0x5402           mgslpc_info              ``drivers/char/pcmcia/synclink_cs.c``
  83 USB_SERIAL_MAGIC      0x6702           usb_serial               ``drivers/usb/serial/usb-serial.h``
  84 FULL_DUPLEX_MAGIC     0x6969                                    ``drivers/net/ethernet/dec/tulip/de2104x.c``
  85 USB_BLUETOOTH_MAGIC   0x6d02           usb_bluetooth            ``drivers/usb/class/bluetty.c``
  86 RFCOMM_TTY_MAGIC      0x6d02                                    ``net/bluetooth/rfcomm/tty.c``
  87 USB_SERIAL_PORT_MAGIC 0x7301           usb_serial_port          ``drivers/usb/serial/usb-serial.h``
  88 CG_MAGIC              0x00090255       ufs_cylinder_group       ``include/linux/ufs_fs.h``
  89 LSEMAGIC              0x05091998       lse                      ``drivers/fc4/fc.c``
  90 GDTIOCTL_MAGIC        0x06030f07       gdth_iowr_str            ``drivers/scsi/gdth_ioctl.h``
  91 RIEBL_MAGIC           0x09051990                                ``drivers/net/atarilance.c``
  92 NBD_REQUEST_MAGIC     0x12560953       nbd_request              ``include/linux/nbd.h``
  93 RED_MAGIC2            0x170fc2a5       (any)                    ``mm/slab.c``
  94 BAYCOM_MAGIC          0x19730510       baycom_state             ``drivers/net/baycom_epp.c``
  95 ISDN_X25IFACE_MAGIC   0x1e75a2b9       isdn_x25iface_proto_data ``drivers/isdn/isdn_x25iface.h``
  96 ECP_MAGIC             0x21504345       cdkecpsig                ``include/linux/cdk.h``
  97 LSOMAGIC              0x27091997       lso                      ``drivers/fc4/fc.c``
  98 LSMAGIC               0x2a3b4d2a       ls                       ``drivers/fc4/fc.c``
  99 WANPIPE_MAGIC         0x414C4453       sdla_{dump,exec}         ``include/linux/wanpipe.h``
 100 CS_CARD_MAGIC         0x43525553       cs_card                  ``sound/oss/cs46xx.c``
 101 LABELCL_MAGIC         0x4857434c       labelcl_info_s           ``include/asm/ia64/sn/labelcl.h``
 102 ISDN_ASYNC_MAGIC      0x49344C01       modem_info               ``include/linux/isdn.h``
 103 CTC_ASYNC_MAGIC       0x49344C01       ctc_tty_info             ``drivers/s390/net/ctctty.c``
 104 ISDN_NET_MAGIC        0x49344C02       isdn_net_local_s         ``drivers/isdn/i4l/isdn_net_lib.h``
 105 SAVEKMSG_MAGIC2       0x4B4D5347       savekmsg                 ``arch/*/amiga/config.c``
 106 CS_STATE_MAGIC        0x4c4f4749       cs_state                 ``sound/oss/cs46xx.c``
 107 SLAB_C_MAGIC          0x4f17a36d       kmem_cache               ``mm/slab.c``
 108 COW_MAGIC             0x4f4f4f4d       cow_header_v1            ``arch/um/drivers/ubd_user.c``
 109 I810_CARD_MAGIC       0x5072696E       i810_card                ``sound/oss/i810_audio.c``
 110 TRIDENT_CARD_MAGIC    0x5072696E       trident_card             ``sound/oss/trident.c``
 111 ROUTER_MAGIC          0x524d4157       wan_device               [in ``wanrouter.h`` pre 3.9]
 112 SAVEKMSG_MAGIC1       0x53415645       savekmsg                 ``arch/*/amiga/config.c``
 113 GDA_MAGIC             0x58464552       gda                      ``arch/mips/include/asm/sn/gda.h``
 114 RED_MAGIC1            0x5a2cf071       (any)                    ``mm/slab.c``
 115 EEPROM_MAGIC_VALUE    0x5ab478d2       lanai_dev                ``drivers/atm/lanai.c``
 116 HDLCDRV_MAGIC         0x5ac6e778       hdlcdrv_state            ``include/linux/hdlcdrv.h``
 117 PCXX_MAGIC            0x5c6df104       channel                  ``drivers/char/pcxx.h``
 118 KV_MAGIC              0x5f4b565f       kernel_vars_s            ``arch/mips/include/asm/sn/klkernvars.h``
 119 I810_STATE_MAGIC      0x63657373       i810_state               ``sound/oss/i810_audio.c``
 120 TRIDENT_STATE_MAGIC   0x63657373       trient_state             ``sound/oss/trident.c``
 121 M3_CARD_MAGIC         0x646e6f50       m3_card                  ``sound/oss/maestro3.c``
 122 FW_HEADER_MAGIC       0x65726F66       fw_header                ``drivers/atm/fore200e.h``
 123 SLOT_MAGIC            0x67267321       slot                     ``drivers/hotplug/cpqphp.h``
 124 SLOT_MAGIC            0x67267322       slot                     ``drivers/hotplug/acpiphp.h``
 125 LO_MAGIC              0x68797548       nbd_device               ``include/linux/nbd.h``
 126 M3_STATE_MAGIC        0x734d724d       m3_state                 ``sound/oss/maestro3.c``
 127 VMALLOC_MAGIC         0x87654320       snd_alloc_track          ``sound/core/memory.c``
 128 KMALLOC_MAGIC         0x87654321       snd_alloc_track          ``sound/core/memory.c``
 129 PWC_MAGIC             0x89DC10AB       pwc_device               ``drivers/usb/media/pwc.h``
 130 NBD_REPLY_MAGIC       0x96744668       nbd_reply                ``include/linux/nbd.h``
 131 ENI155_MAGIC          0xa54b872d       midway_eprom             ``drivers/atm/eni.h``
 132 CODA_MAGIC            0xC0DAC0DA       coda_file_info           ``fs/coda/coda_fs_i.h``
 133 DPMEM_MAGIC           0xc0ffee11       gdt_pci_sram             ``drivers/scsi/gdth.h``
 134 YAM_MAGIC             0xF10A7654       yam_port                 ``drivers/net/hamradio/yam.c``
 135 CCB_MAGIC             0xf2691ad2       ccb                      ``drivers/scsi/ncr53c8xx.c``
 136 QUEUE_MAGIC_FREE      0xf7e1c9a3       queue_entry              ``drivers/scsi/arm/queue.c``
 137 QUEUE_MAGIC_USED      0xf7e1cc33       queue_entry              ``drivers/scsi/arm/queue.c``
 138 HTB_CMAGIC            0xFEFAFEF1       htb_class                ``net/sched/sch_htb.c``
 139 NMI_MAGIC             0x48414d4d455201 nmi_s                    ``arch/mips/include/asm/sn/nmi.h``
 140 ===================== ================ ======================== ==========================================
 141
 142
 143 請注意，在聲音記憶管理中仍然有一些特殊的爲每個驅動定義的魔術值。查看include/sound/sndmagic.h來獲取他們完整的列表信息。很多OSS聲音驅動擁有自己從音效卡PCI ID構建的魔術值-他們也沒有被列在這裡。
 144
 145 IrDA子系統也使用了大量的自己的魔術值，查看include/net/irda/irda.h來獲取他們完整的信息。
 146
 147 HFS是另外一個比較大的使用魔術值的文件系統-你可以在fs/hfs/hfs.h中找到他們。
 148