Merge remote-tracking branch 'torvalds/master' into perf/core
[linux-2.6-microblaze.git] / Documentation / riscv / vm-layout.rst
1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
2
3 =====================================
4 Virtual Memory Layout on RISC-V Linux
5 =====================================
6
7 :Author: Alexandre Ghiti <alex@ghiti.fr>
8 :Date: 12 February 2021
9
10 This document describes the virtual memory layout used by the RISC-V Linux
11 Kernel.
12
13 RISC-V Linux Kernel 32bit
14 =========================
15
16 RISC-V Linux Kernel SV32
17 ------------------------
18
19 TODO
20
21 RISC-V Linux Kernel 64bit
22 =========================
23
24 The RISC-V privileged architecture document states that the 64bit addresses
25 "must have bits 63–48 all equal to bit 47, or else a page-fault exception will
26 occur.": that splits the virtual address space into 2 halves separated by a very
27 big hole, the lower half is where the userspace resides, the upper half is where
28 the RISC-V Linux Kernel resides.
29
30 RISC-V Linux Kernel SV39
31 ------------------------
32
33 ::
34
35   ========================================================================================================================
36       Start addr    |   Offset   |     End addr     |  Size   | VM area description
37   ========================================================================================================================
38                     |            |                  |         |
39    0000000000000000 |    0       | 0000003fffffffff |  256 GB | user-space virtual memory, different per mm
40   __________________|____________|__________________|_________|___________________________________________________________
41                     |            |                  |         |
42    0000004000000000 | +256    GB | ffffffbfffffffff | ~16M TB | ... huge, almost 64 bits wide hole of non-canonical
43                     |            |                  |         |     virtual memory addresses up to the -256 GB
44                     |            |                  |         |     starting offset of kernel mappings.
45   __________________|____________|__________________|_________|___________________________________________________________
46                                                               |
47                                                               | Kernel-space virtual memory, shared between all processes:
48   ____________________________________________________________|___________________________________________________________
49                     |            |                  |         |
50    ffffffc000000000 | -256    GB | ffffffc7ffffffff |   32 GB | kasan
51    ffffffcefee00000 | -196    GB | ffffffcefeffffff |    2 MB | fixmap
52    ffffffceff000000 | -196    GB | ffffffceffffffff |   16 MB | PCI io
53    ffffffcf00000000 | -196    GB | ffffffcfffffffff |    4 GB | vmemmap
54    ffffffd000000000 | -192    GB | ffffffdfffffffff |   64 GB | vmalloc/ioremap space
55    ffffffe000000000 | -128    GB | ffffffff7fffffff |  124 GB | direct mapping of all physical memory
56   __________________|____________|__________________|_________|____________________________________________________________
57                                                               |
58                                                               |
59   ____________________________________________________________|____________________________________________________________
60                     |            |                  |         |
61    ffffffff00000000 |   -4    GB | ffffffff7fffffff |    2 GB | modules, BPF
62    ffffffff80000000 |   -2    GB | ffffffffffffffff |    2 GB | kernel
63   __________________|____________|__________________|_________|____________________________________________________________