kbuild: Disable CC_HAS_ASM_GOTO_OUTPUT on clang < 17

kbuild: Disable CC_HAS_ASM_GOTO_OUTPUT on clang < 17

clang < 17 fails to use scope local labels with CONFIG_CC_HAS_ASM_GOTO_OUTPUT=y:

     {
     	__label__ local_lbl;
	...
	unsafe_get_user(uval, uaddr, local_lbl);
	...
	return 0;
	local_lbl:
		return -EFAULT;
     }

when two such scopes exist in the same function:

  error: cannot jump from this asm goto statement to one of its possible targets

There are other failure scenarios. Shuffling code around slightly makes it
worse and fail even with one instance.

That issue prevents using local labels for a cleanup based user access
mechanism.

After failed attempts to provide a simple enough test case for the 'depends
on' test in Kconfig, the initial cure was to mark ASM goto broken on clang
versions < 17 to get this road block out of the way.

But Nathan pointed out that this is a known clang issue and indeed affects
clang < version 17 in combination with cleanup(). It's not even required to
use local labels for that.

The clang issue tracker has a small enough test case, which can be used as
a test in the 'depends on' section of CC_HAS_ASM_GOTO_OUTPUT:

void bar(void **);
void* baz(void);

int  foo (void) {
    {
	    asm goto("jmp %l0"::::l0);
	    return 0;
l0:
	    return 1;
    }
    void *x __attribute__((cleanup(bar))) = baz();
    {
	    asm goto("jmp %l0"::::l1);
	    return 42;
l1:
	    return 0xff;
    }
}

Add another dependency to config CC_HAS_ASM_GOTO_OUTPUT for it and use the
clang issue tracker test case for detection by condensing it to obfuscated
C-code contest format. This reliably catches the problem on clang < 17 and
did not show any issues on the non broken GCC versions.

That test might be sufficient to catch all issues and therefore could
replace the existing test, but keeping that around does no harm either.

Thanks to Nathan for pointing to the relevant clang issue!

Suggested-by: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org>
Link: https://github.com/ClangBuiltLinux/linux/issues/1886
Link: https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/commit/f023f5cdb2e6c19026f04a15b5a935c041835d14