staging: erofs: introduce VLE decompression support

staging: erofs: introduce VLE decompression support

This patch introduces the basic in-place VLE decompression
implementation for the erofs file system.

Compared with fixed-sized input compression, it implements
what we call 'the variable-length extent compression' which
specifies the same output size for each compression block
to make the full use of IO bandwidth (which means almost
all data from block device can be directly used for decomp-
ression), improve the real (rather than just via data caching,
which costs more memory) random read and keep the relatively
lower compression ratios (it saves more storage space than
fixed-sized input compression which is also configured with
the same input block size), as illustrated below:

        |---  variable-length extent ---|------ VLE ------|---  VLE ---|
         /> clusterofs                  /> clusterofs     /> clusterofs /> clusterofs
   ++---|-------++-----------++---------|-++-----------++-|---------++-|
...||   |       ||           ||         | ||           || |         || | ... original data
   ++---|-------++-----------++---------|-++-----------++-|---------++-|
   ++->cluster<-++->cluster<-++->cluster<-++->cluster<-++->cluster<-++
        size         size         size         size         size
         \                             /                 /            /
          \                      /              /            /
           \               /            /            /
            ++-----------++-----------++-----------++
        ... ||           ||           ||           || ... compressed clusters
            ++-----------++-----------++-----------++
            ++->cluster<-++->cluster<-++->cluster<-++
                 size         size         size

The main point of 'in-place' refers to the decompression mode:
Instead of allocating independent compressed pages and data
structures, it reuses the allocated file cache pages at most
to store its compressed data and the corresponding pagevec in
a time-sharing approach by default, which will be useful for
low memory scenario.

In the end, unlike the other filesystems with (de)compression
support using a relatively large compression block size, which
reads and decompresses >= 128KB at once, and gains a more
good-looking random read (In fact it collects small random reads
into large sequential reads and caches all decompressed data
in memory, but it is unacceptable especially for embedded devices
with limited memory, and it is not the real random read), we
select a universal small-sized 4KB compressed cluster, which is
the smallest page size for most architectures, and all compressed
clusters can be read and decompressed independently, which ensures
random read number for all use cases.

Signed-off-by: Gao Xiang <gaoxiang25@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>