Andrey Ryabinin [Fri, 20 May 2016 23:59:34 +0000 (16:59 -0700)]
kasan/tests: add tests for user memory access functions
Add some tests for the newly-added user memory access API.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1462538722-1574-1-git-send-email-aryabinin@virtuozzo.com
Signed-off-by: Andrey Ryabinin <aryabinin@virtuozzo.com>
Cc: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com>
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Andrey Ryabinin [Fri, 20 May 2016 23:59:31 +0000 (16:59 -0700)]
x86/kasan: instrument user memory access API
Exchange between user and kernel memory is coded in assembly language.
Which means that such accesses won't be spotted by KASAN as a compiler
instruments only C code.
Add explicit KASAN checks to user memory access API to ensure that
userspace writes to (or reads from) a valid kernel memory.
Note: Unlike others strncpy_from_user() is written mostly in C and KASAN
sees memory accesses in it. However, it makes sense to add explicit
check for all @count bytes that *potentially* could be written to the
kernel.
[aryabinin@virtuozzo.com: move kasan check under the condition]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1462869209-21096-1-git-send-email-aryabinin@virtuozzo.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1462538722-1574-4-git-send-email-aryabinin@virtuozzo.com
Signed-off-by: Andrey Ryabinin <aryabinin@virtuozzo.com>
Cc: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com>
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Andrey Ryabinin [Fri, 20 May 2016 23:59:28 +0000 (16:59 -0700)]
mm/kasan: add API to check memory regions
Memory access coded in an assembly won't be seen by KASAN as a compiler
can instrument only C code. Add kasan_check_[read,write]() API which is
going to be used to check a certain memory range.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1462538722-1574-3-git-send-email-aryabinin@virtuozzo.com
Signed-off-by: Andrey Ryabinin <aryabinin@virtuozzo.com>
Acked-by: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com>
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Andrey Ryabinin [Fri, 20 May 2016 23:59:20 +0000 (16:59 -0700)]
mm/kasan: print name of mem[set,cpy,move]() caller in report
When bogus memory access happens in mem[set,cpy,move]() it's usually
caller's fault. So don't blame mem[set,cpy,move]() in bug report, blame
the caller instead.
Before:
BUG: KASAN: out-of-bounds access in memset+0x23/0x40 at <address>
After:
BUG: KASAN: out-of-bounds access in <memset_caller> at <address>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1462538722-1574-2-git-send-email-aryabinin@virtuozzo.com
Signed-off-by: Andrey Ryabinin <aryabinin@virtuozzo.com>
Acked-by: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com>
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Alexander Potapenko [Fri, 20 May 2016 23:59:17 +0000 (16:59 -0700)]
mm, kasan: add a ksize() test
Add a test that makes sure ksize() unpoisons the whole chunk.
Signed-off-by: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com>
Acked-by: Andrey Ryabinin <aryabinin@virtuozzo.com>
Cc: Andrey Konovalov <adech.fo@gmail.com>
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Konstantin Serebryany <kcc@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Alexander Potapenko [Fri, 20 May 2016 23:59:14 +0000 (16:59 -0700)]
mm, kasan: don't call kasan_krealloc() from ksize().
Instead of calling kasan_krealloc(), which replaces the memory
allocation stack ID (if stack depot is used), just unpoison the whole
memory chunk.
Signed-off-by: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com>
Acked-by: Andrey Ryabinin <aryabinin@virtuozzo.com>
Cc: Andrey Konovalov <adech.fo@gmail.com>
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Konstantin Serebryany <kcc@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Alexander Potapenko [Fri, 20 May 2016 23:59:11 +0000 (16:59 -0700)]
mm: kasan: initial memory quarantine implementation
Quarantine isolates freed objects in a separate queue. The objects are
returned to the allocator later, which helps to detect use-after-free
errors.
When the object is freed, its state changes from KASAN_STATE_ALLOC to
KASAN_STATE_QUARANTINE. The object is poisoned and put into quarantine
instead of being returned to the allocator, therefore every subsequent
access to that object triggers a KASAN error, and the error handler is
able to say where the object has been allocated and deallocated.
When it's time for the object to leave quarantine, its state becomes
KASAN_STATE_FREE and it's returned to the allocator. From now on the
allocator may reuse it for another allocation. Before that happens,
it's still possible to detect a use-after free on that object (it
retains the allocation/deallocation stacks).
When the allocator reuses this object, the shadow is unpoisoned and old
allocation/deallocation stacks are wiped. Therefore a use of this
object, even an incorrect one, won't trigger ASan warning.
Without the quarantine, it's not guaranteed that the objects aren't
reused immediately, that's why the probability of catching a
use-after-free is lower than with quarantine in place.
Quarantine isolates freed objects in a separate queue. The objects are
returned to the allocator later, which helps to detect use-after-free
errors.
Freed objects are first added to per-cpu quarantine queues. When a
cache is destroyed or memory shrinking is requested, the objects are
moved into the global quarantine queue. Whenever a kmalloc call allows
memory reclaiming, the oldest objects are popped out of the global queue
until the total size of objects in quarantine is less than 3/4 of the
maximum quarantine size (which is a fraction of installed physical
memory).
As long as an object remains in the quarantine, KASAN is able to report
accesses to it, so the chance of reporting a use-after-free is
increased. Once the object leaves quarantine, the allocator may reuse
it, in which case the object is unpoisoned and KASAN can't detect
incorrect accesses to it.
Right now quarantine support is only enabled in SLAB allocator.
Unification of KASAN features in SLAB and SLUB will be done later.
This patch is based on the "mm: kasan: quarantine" patch originally
prepared by Dmitry Chernenkov. A number of improvements have been
suggested by Andrey Ryabinin.
[glider@google.com: v9]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1462987130-144092-1-git-send-email-glider@google.com
Signed-off-by: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Andrey Konovalov <adech.fo@gmail.com>
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <ryabinin.a.a@gmail.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Konstantin Serebryany <kcc@google.com>
Cc: Dmitry Chernenkov <dmitryc@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Yang Shi [Fri, 20 May 2016 23:59:08 +0000 (16:59 -0700)]
mm: call page_ext_init() after all struct pages are initialized
When DEFERRED_STRUCT_PAGE_INIT is enabled, just a subset of memmap at
boot are initialized, then the rest are initialized in parallel by
starting one-off "pgdatinitX" kernel thread for each node X.
If page_ext_init is called before it, some pages will not have valid
extension, this may lead the below kernel oops when booting up kernel:
BUG: unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at (null)
IP: [<
ffffffff8118d982>] free_pcppages_bulk+0x2d2/0x8d0
PGD 0
Oops: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP DEBUG_PAGEALLOC
Modules linked in:
CPU: 11 PID: 106 Comm: pgdatinit1 Not tainted 4.6.0-rc5-next-
20160427 #26
Hardware name: Intel Corporation S5520HC/S5520HC, BIOS S5500.86B.01.10.0025.
030220091519 03/02/2009
task:
ffff88017c080040 ti:
ffff88017c084000 task.ti:
ffff88017c084000
RIP: 0010:[<
ffffffff8118d982>] [<
ffffffff8118d982>] free_pcppages_bulk+0x2d2/0x8d0
RSP: 0000:
ffff88017c087c48 EFLAGS:
00010046
RAX:
0000000000000000 RBX:
0000000000000000 RCX:
0000000000000001
RDX:
0000000000000980 RSI:
0000000000000080 RDI:
0000000000660401
RBP:
ffff88017c087cd0 R08:
0000000000000401 R09:
0000000000000009
R10:
ffff88017c080040 R11:
000000000000000a R12:
0000000000000400
R13:
ffffea0019810000 R14:
ffffea0019810040 R15:
ffff88066cfe6080
FS:
0000000000000000(0000) GS:
ffff88066cd40000(0000) knlGS:
0000000000000000
CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0:
0000000080050033
CR2:
0000000000000000 CR3:
0000000002406000 CR4:
00000000000006e0
Call Trace:
free_hot_cold_page+0x192/0x1d0
__free_pages+0x5c/0x90
__free_pages_boot_core+0x11a/0x14e
deferred_free_range+0x50/0x62
deferred_init_memmap+0x220/0x3c3
kthread+0xf8/0x110
ret_from_fork+0x22/0x40
Code: 49 89 d4 48 c1 e0 06 49 01 c5 e9 de fe ff ff 4c 89 f7 44 89 4d b8 4c 89 45 c0 44 89 5d c8 48 89 4d d0 e8 62 c7 07 00 48 8b 4d d0 <48> 8b 00 44 8b 5d c8 4c 8b 45 c0 44 8b 4d b8 a8 02 0f 84 05 ff
RIP [<
ffffffff8118d982>] free_pcppages_bulk+0x2d2/0x8d0
RSP <
ffff88017c087c48>
CR2:
0000000000000000
Move page_ext_init() after page_alloc_init_late() to make sure page extension
is setup for all pages.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1463696006-31360-1-git-send-email-yang.shi@linaro.org
Signed-off-by: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linaro.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
David Rientjes [Fri, 20 May 2016 23:59:05 +0000 (16:59 -0700)]
mm, migrate: increment fail count on ENOMEM
If page migration fails due to -ENOMEM, nr_failed should still be
incremented for proper statistics.
This was encountered recently when all page migration vmstats showed 0,
and inferred that migrate_pages() was never called, although in reality
the first page migration failed because compaction_alloc() failed to
find a migration target.
This patch increments nr_failed so the vmstat is properly accounted on
ENOMEM.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/alpine.DEB.2.10.1605191510230.32658@chino.kir.corp.google.com
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Chen Feng [Fri, 20 May 2016 23:59:02 +0000 (16:59 -0700)]
mm/compaction.c: fix zoneindex in kcompactd()
While testing the kcompactd in my platform 3G MEM only DMA ZONE. I
found the kcompactd never wakeup. It seems the zoneindex has already
minus 1 before. So the traverse here should be <=.
It fixes a regression where kswapd could previously compact, but
kcompactd not. Not a crash fix though.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix kcompactd_do_work() as well, per Hugh]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1463659121-84124-1-git-send-email-puck.chen@hisilicon.com
Fixes:
accf62422b3a ("mm, kswapd: replace kswapd compaction with waking up kcompactd")
Signed-off-by: Chen Feng <puck.chen@hisilicon.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Zhuangluan Su <suzhuangluan@hisilicon.com>
Cc: Yiping Xu <xuyiping@hisilicon.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Yang Shi [Fri, 20 May 2016 23:58:59 +0000 (16:58 -0700)]
mm: page_is_guard(): return false when page_ext arrays are not allocated yet
When enabling the below kernel configs:
CONFIG_DEFERRED_STRUCT_PAGE_INIT
CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC
CONFIG_PAGE_EXTENSION
CONFIG_DEBUG_VM
kernel bootup may fail due to the following oops:
BUG: unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at (null)
IP: [<
ffffffff8118d982>] free_pcppages_bulk+0x2d2/0x8d0
PGD 0
Oops: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP DEBUG_PAGEALLOC
Modules linked in:
CPU: 11 PID: 106 Comm: pgdatinit1 Not tainted 4.6.0-rc5-next-
20160427 #26
Hardware name: Intel Corporation S5520HC/S5520HC, BIOS S5500.86B.01.10.0025.
030220091519 03/02/2009
task:
ffff88017c080040 ti:
ffff88017c084000 task.ti:
ffff88017c084000
RIP: 0010:[<
ffffffff8118d982>] [<
ffffffff8118d982>] free_pcppages_bulk+0x2d2/0x8d0
RSP: 0000:
ffff88017c087c48 EFLAGS:
00010046
RAX:
0000000000000000 RBX:
0000000000000000 RCX:
0000000000000001
RDX:
0000000000000980 RSI:
0000000000000080 RDI:
0000000000660401
RBP:
ffff88017c087cd0 R08:
0000000000000401 R09:
0000000000000009
R10:
ffff88017c080040 R11:
000000000000000a R12:
0000000000000400
R13:
ffffea0019810000 R14:
ffffea0019810040 R15:
ffff88066cfe6080
FS:
0000000000000000(0000) GS:
ffff88066cd40000(0000) knlGS:
0000000000000000
CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0:
0000000080050033
CR2:
0000000000000000 CR3:
0000000002406000 CR4:
00000000000006e0
Call Trace:
free_hot_cold_page+0x192/0x1d0
__free_pages+0x5c/0x90
__free_pages_boot_core+0x11a/0x14e
deferred_free_range+0x50/0x62
deferred_init_memmap+0x220/0x3c3
kthread+0xf8/0x110
ret_from_fork+0x22/0x40
Code: 49 89 d4 48 c1 e0 06 49 01 c5 e9 de fe ff ff 4c 89 f7 44 89 4d b8 4c 89 45 c0 44 89 5d c8 48 89 4d d0 e8 62 c7 07 00 48 8b 4d d0 <48> 8b 00 44 8b 5d c8 4c 8b 45 c0 44 8b 4d b8 a8 02 0f 84 05 ff
RIP [<
ffffffff8118d982>] free_pcppages_bulk+0x2d2/0x8d0
RSP <
ffff88017c087c48>
CR2:
0000000000000000
The problem is lookup_page_ext() returns NULL then page_is_guard() tried
to access it in page freeing.
page_is_guard() depends on PAGE_EXT_DEBUG_GUARD bit of page extension
flag, but freeing page might reach here before the page_ext arrays are
allocated when feeding a range of pages to the allocator for the first
time during bootup or memory hotplug.
When it returns NULL, page_is_guard() should just return false instead
of checking PAGE_EXT_DEBUG_GUARD unconditionally.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1463610225-29060-1-git-send-email-yang.shi@linaro.org
Signed-off-by: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linaro.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
David Rientjes [Fri, 20 May 2016 23:58:56 +0000 (16:58 -0700)]
mm, thp: khugepaged should scan when sleep value is written
If a large value is written to scan_sleep_millisecs, for example, that
period must lapse before khugepaged will wake up for periodic
collapsing.
If this value is tuned to 1 day, for example, and then re-tuned to its
default 10s, khugepaged will still wait for a day before scanning again.
This patch causes khugepaged to wakeup immediately when the value is
changed and then sleep until that value is rewritten or the new value
lapses.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/alpine.DEB.2.10.1605181453200.4786@chino.kir.corp.google.com
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
NeilBrown [Fri, 20 May 2016 23:58:53 +0000 (16:58 -0700)]
MM: increase safety margin provided by PF_LESS_THROTTLE
When nfsd is exporting a filesystem over NFS which is then NFS-mounted
on the local machine there is a risk of deadlock. This happens when
there are lots of dirty pages in the NFS filesystem and they cause NFSD
to be throttled, either in throttle_vm_writeout() or in
balance_dirty_pages().
To avoid this problem the PF_LESS_THROTTLE flag is set for NFSD threads
and it provides a 25% increase to the limits that affect NFSD. Any
process writing to an NFS filesystem will be throttled well before the
number of dirty NFS pages reaches the limit imposed on NFSD, so NFSD
will not deadlock on pages that it needs to write out. At least it
shouldn't.
All processes are allowed a small excess margin to avoid performing too
many calculations: ratelimit_pages.
ratelimit_pages is set so that if a thread on every CPU uses the entire
margin, the total will only go 3% over the limit, and this is much less
than the 25% bonus that PF_LESS_THROTTLE provides, so this margin
shouldn't be a problem. But it is.
The "total memory" that these 3% and 25% are calculated against are not
really total memory but are "global_dirtyable_memory()" which doesn't
include anonymous memory, just free memory and page-cache memory.
The "ratelimit_pages" number is based on whatever the
global_dirtyable_memory was on the last CPU hot-plug, which might not be
what you expect, but is probably close to the total freeable memory.
The throttle threshold uses the global_dirtable_memory at the moment
when the throttling happens, which could be much less than at the last
CPU hotplug. So if lots of anonymous memory has been allocated, thus
pushing out lots of page-cache pages, then NFSD might end up being
throttled due to dirty NFS pages because the "25%" bonus it gets is
calculated against a rather small amount of dirtyable memory, while the
"3%" margin that other processes are allowed to dirty without penalty is
calculated against a much larger number.
To remove this possibility of deadlock we need to make sure that the
margin granted to PF_LESS_THROTTLE exceeds that rate-limit margin.
Simply adding ratelimit_pages isn't enough as that should be multiplied
by the number of cpus.
So add "global_wb_domain.dirty_limit / 32" as that more accurately
reflects the current total over-shoot margin. This ensures that the
number of dirty NFS pages never gets so high that nfsd will be throttled
waiting for them to be written.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/87futgowwv.fsf@notabene.neil.brown.name
Signed-off-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Naoya Horiguchi [Fri, 20 May 2016 23:58:50 +0000 (16:58 -0700)]
mm: check_new_page_bad() directly returns in __PG_HWPOISON case
Currently we check page->flags twice for "HWPoisoned" case of
check_new_page_bad(), which can cause a race with unpoisoning.
This race unnecessarily taints kernel with "BUG: Bad page state".
check_new_page_bad() is the only caller of bad_page() which is
interested in __PG_HWPOISON, so let's move the hwpoison related code in
bad_page() to it.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160518100949.GA17299@hori1.linux.bs1.fc.nec.co.jp
Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
seokhoon.yoon [Fri, 20 May 2016 23:58:47 +0000 (16:58 -0700)]
mm, kasan: fix to call kasan_free_pages() after poisoning page
When CONFIG_PAGE_POISONING and CONFIG_KASAN is enabled,
free_pages_prepare()'s codeflow is below.
1)kmemcheck_free_shadow()
2)kasan_free_pages()
- set shadow byte of page is freed
3)kernel_poison_pages()
3.1) check access to page is valid or not using kasan
---> error occur, kasan think it is invalid access
3.2) poison page
4)kernel_map_pages()
So kasan_free_pages() should be called after poisoning the page.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1463220405-7455-1-git-send-email-iamyooon@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: seokhoon.yoon <iamyooon@gmail.com>
Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <a.ryabinin@samsung.com>
Cc: Laura Abbott <labbott@fedoraproject.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Minchan Kim [Fri, 20 May 2016 23:58:44 +0000 (16:58 -0700)]
mm: disable fault around on emulated access bit architecture
fault_around aims to reduce minor faults of file-backed pages via
speculative ahead pte mapping and relying on readahead logic. However,
on non-HW access bit architecture the benefit is highly limited because
they should emulate the young bit with minor faults for reclaim's page
aging algorithm. IOW, we cannot reduce minor faults on those
architectures.
I did quick a test on my ARM machine.
512M file mmap sequential every word read on eSATA drive 4 times.
stddev is stable.
= fault_around 4096 =
elapsed time(usec):
6747645
= fault_around 65536 =
elapsed time(usec):
6709263
0.5% gain.
Even when I tested it with eMMC there is no gain because I guess with
slow storage the major fault is the dominant factor.
Also, fault_around has the side effect of shrinking slab more
aggressively and causes higher vmpressure, so if such speculation fails,
it can evict slab more which can result in page I/O (e.g., inode cache).
In the end, it would make void any benefit of fault_around.
So let's make the default "disabled" on those architectures.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160518014229.GB21538@bbox
Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill@shutemov.name>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Kirill A. Shutemov [Fri, 20 May 2016 23:58:41 +0000 (16:58 -0700)]
mm: make faultaround produce old ptes
Currently, faultaround code produces young pte. This can screw up
vmscan behaviour[1], as it makes vmscan think that these pages are hot
and not push them out on first round.
During sparse file access faultaround gets more pages mapped and all of
them are young. Under memory pressure, this makes vmscan swap out anon
pages instead, or to drop other page cache pages which otherwise stay
resident.
Modify faultaround to produce old ptes, so they can easily be reclaimed
under memory pressure.
This can to some extend defeat the purpose of faultaround on machines
without hardware accessed bit as it will not help us with reducing the
number of minor page faults.
We may want to disable faultaround on such machines altogether, but
that's subject for separate patchset.
Minchan:
"I tested 512M mmap sequential word read test on non-HW access bit
system (i.e., ARM) and confirmed it doesn't increase minor fault any
more.
old: 4096 fault_around
minor fault: 131291
elapsed time:
6747645 usec
new: 65536 fault_around
minor fault: 131291
elapsed time:
6709263 usec
0.56% benefit"
[1] https://lkml.kernel.org/r/
1460992636-711-1-git-send-email-vinmenon@codeaurora.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1463488366-47723-1-git-send-email-kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Tested-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Vinayak Menon <vinmenon@codeaurora.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Stefan Bader [Fri, 20 May 2016 23:58:38 +0000 (16:58 -0700)]
mm: use phys_addr_t for reserve_bootmem_region() arguments
Since commit
92923ca3aace ("mm: meminit: only set page reserved in the
memblock region") the reserved bit is set on reserved memblock regions.
However start and end address are passed as unsigned long. This is only
32bit on i386, so it can end up marking the wrong pages reserved for
ranges at 4GB and above.
This was observed on a 32bit Xen dom0 which was booted with initial
memory set to a value below 4G but allowing to balloon in memory
(dom0_mem=1024M for example). This would define a reserved bootmem
region for the additional memory (for example on a 8GB system there was
a reverved region covering the 4GB-8GB range). But since the addresses
were passed on as unsigned long, this was actually marking all pages
from 0 to 4GB as reserved.
Fixes:
92923ca3aacef63 ("mm: meminit: only set page reserved in the memblock region")
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1463491221-10573-1-git-send-email-stefan.bader@canonical.com
Signed-off-by: Stefan Bader <stefan.bader@canonical.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [4.2+]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Oleg Nesterov [Fri, 20 May 2016 23:58:36 +0000 (16:58 -0700)]
userfaultfd: don't pin the user memory in userfaultfd_file_create()
userfaultfd_file_create() increments mm->mm_users; this means that the
memory won't be unmapped/freed if mm owner exits/execs, and UFFDIO_COPY
after that can populate the orphaned mm more.
Change userfaultfd_file_create() and userfaultfd_ctx_put() to use
mm->mm_count to pin mm_struct. This means that
atomic_inc_not_zero(mm->mm_users) is needed when we are going to
actually play with this memory. Except handle_userfault() path doesn't
need this, the caller must already have a reference.
The patch adds the new trivial helper, mmget_not_zero(), it can have
more users.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160516172254.GA8595@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Richard Leitner [Fri, 20 May 2016 23:58:33 +0000 (16:58 -0700)]
mm/memblock.c: remove unnecessary always-true comparison
Comparing an u64 variable to >= 0 returns always true and can therefore
be removed. This issue was detected using the -Wtype-limits gcc flag.
This patch fixes following type-limits warning:
mm/memblock.c: In function `__next_reserved_mem_region':
mm/memblock.c:843:11: warning: comparison of unsigned expression >= 0 is always true [-Wtype-limits]
if (*idx >= 0 && *idx < type->cnt) {
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160510103625.3a7f8f32@g0hl1n.net
Signed-off-by: Richard Leitner <dev@g0hl1n.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Vitaly Wool [Fri, 20 May 2016 23:58:30 +0000 (16:58 -0700)]
z3fold: the 3-fold allocator for compressed pages
This patch introduces z3fold, a special purpose allocator for storing
compressed pages. It is designed to store up to three compressed pages
per physical page. It is a ZBUD derivative which allows for higher
compression ratio keeping the simplicity and determinism of its
predecessor.
This patch comes as a follow-up to the discussions at the Embedded Linux
Conference in San-Diego related to the talk [1]. The outcome of these
discussions was that it would be good to have a compressed page
allocator as stable and deterministic as zbud with with higher
compression ratio.
To keep the determinism and simplicity, z3fold, just like zbud, always
stores an integral number of compressed pages per page, but it can store
up to 3 pages unlike zbud which can store at most 2. Therefore the
compression ratio goes to around 2.6x while zbud's one is around 1.7x.
The patch is based on the latest linux.git tree.
This version has been updated after testing on various simulators (e.g.
ARM Versatile Express, MIPS Malta, x86_64/Haswell) and basing on
comments from Dan Streetman [3].
[1] https://openiotelc2016.sched.org/event/6DAC/swapping-and-embedded-compression-relieves-the-pressure-vitaly-wool-softprise-consulting-ou
[2] https://lkml.org/lkml/2016/4/21/799
[3] https://lkml.org/lkml/2016/5/4/852
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160509151753.ec3f9fda3c9898d31ff52a32@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Vitaly Wool <vitalywool@gmail.com>
Cc: Seth Jennings <sjenning@redhat.com>
Cc: Dan Streetman <ddstreet@ieee.org>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Andrea Arcangeli [Fri, 20 May 2016 23:58:27 +0000 (16:58 -0700)]
mm: thp: split_huge_pmd_address() comment improvement
Comment is partly wrong, this improves it by including the case of
split_huge_pmd_address() called by try_to_unmap_one if TTU_SPLIT_HUGE_PMD
is set.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1462547040-1737-4-git-send-email-aarcange@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Andrea Arcangeli [Fri, 20 May 2016 23:58:24 +0000 (16:58 -0700)]
mm: thp: microoptimize compound_mapcount()
compound_mapcount() is only called after PageCompound() has already been
checked by the caller, so there's no point to check it again. Gcc may
optimize it away too because it's inline but this will remove the
runtime check for sure and add it'll add an assert instead.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1462547040-1737-3-git-send-email-aarcange@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Christoph Lameter [Fri, 20 May 2016 23:58:21 +0000 (16:58 -0700)]
vmstat: get rid of the ugly cpu_stat_off variable
The cpu_stat_off variable is unecessary since we can check if a
workqueue request is pending otherwise. Removal of cpu_stat_off makes
it pretty easy for the vmstat shepherd to ensure that the proper things
happen.
Removing the state also removes all races related to it. Should a
workqueue not be scheduled as needed for vmstat_update then the shepherd
will notice and schedule it as needed. Should a workqueue be
unecessarily scheduled then the vmstat updater will disable it.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix indentation, per Michal]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/alpine.DEB.2.20.1605061306460.17934@east.gentwo.org
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <htejun@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Greg Thelen [Fri, 20 May 2016 23:58:18 +0000 (16:58 -0700)]
memcg: fix stale mem_cgroup_force_empty() comment
Commit
f61c42a7d911 ("memcg: remove tasks/children test from
mem_cgroup_force_empty()") removed memory reparenting from the function.
Fix the function's comment.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1462569810-54496-1-git-send-email-gthelen@google.com
Signed-off-by: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@virtuozzo.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Yu Zhao [Fri, 20 May 2016 23:58:16 +0000 (16:58 -0700)]
mm: use unsigned long constant for page flags
struct page->flags is unsigned long, so when shifting bits we should use
UL suffix to match it.
Found this problem after I added 64-bit CPU specific page flags and
failed to compile the kernel:
mm/page_alloc.c: In function '__free_one_page':
mm/page_alloc.c:672:2: error: integer overflow in expression [-Werror=overflow]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1461971723-16187-1-git-send-email-yuzhao@google.com
Signed-off-by: Yu Zhao <yuzhao@google.com>
Cc: "Kirill A . Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Jerome Marchand <jmarchan@redhat.com>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Minfei Huang [Fri, 20 May 2016 23:58:13 +0000 (16:58 -0700)]
mm: use existing helper to convert "on"/"off" to boolean
It's more convenient to use existing function helper to convert string
"on/off" to boolean.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1461908824-16129-1-git-send-email-mnghuan@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Minfei Huang <mnghuan@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Tetsuo Handa [Fri, 20 May 2016 23:58:10 +0000 (16:58 -0700)]
mm,writeback: don't use memory reserves for wb_start_writeback
When writeback operation cannot make forward progress because memory
allocation requests needed for doing I/O cannot be satisfied (e.g.
under OOM-livelock situation), we can observe flood of order-0 page
allocation failure messages caused by complete depletion of memory
reserves.
This is caused by unconditionally allocating "struct wb_writeback_work"
objects using GFP_ATOMIC from PF_MEMALLOC context.
__alloc_pages_nodemask() {
__alloc_pages_slowpath() {
__alloc_pages_direct_reclaim() {
__perform_reclaim() {
current->flags |= PF_MEMALLOC;
try_to_free_pages() {
do_try_to_free_pages() {
wakeup_flusher_threads() {
wb_start_writeback() {
kzalloc(sizeof(*work), GFP_ATOMIC) {
/* ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS via PF_MEMALLOC */
}
}
}
}
}
current->flags &= ~PF_MEMALLOC;
}
}
}
}
Since I/O is stalling, allocating writeback requests forever shall
deplete memory reserves. Fortunately, since wb_start_writeback() can
fall back to wb_wakeup() when allocating "struct wb_writeback_work"
failed, we don't need to allow wb_start_writeback() to use memory
reserves.
Mem-Info:
active_anon:289393 inactive_anon:2093 isolated_anon:29
active_file:10838 inactive_file:113013 isolated_file:859
unevictable:0 dirty:108531 writeback:5308 unstable:0
slab_reclaimable:5526 slab_unreclaimable:7077
mapped:9970 shmem:2159 pagetables:2387 bounce:0
free:3042 free_pcp:0 free_cma:0
Node 0 DMA free:6968kB min:44kB low:52kB high:64kB active_anon:6056kB inactive_anon:176kB active_file:712kB inactive_file:744kB unevictable:0kB isolated(anon):0kB isolated(file):0kB present:15988kB managed:15904kB mlocked:0kB dirty:756kB writeback:0kB mapped:736kB shmem:184kB slab_reclaimable:48kB slab_unreclaimable:208kB kernel_stack:160kB pagetables:144kB unstable:0kB bounce:0kB free_pcp:0kB local_pcp:0kB free_cma:0kB writeback_tmp:0kB pages_scanned:9708 all_unreclaimable? yes
lowmem_reserve[]: 0 1732 1732 1732
Node 0 DMA32 free:5200kB min:5200kB low:6500kB high:7800kB active_anon:1151516kB inactive_anon:8196kB active_file:42640kB inactive_file:451076kB unevictable:0kB isolated(anon):116kB isolated(file):3564kB present:2080640kB managed:1775332kB mlocked:0kB dirty:433368kB writeback:21232kB mapped:39144kB shmem:8452kB slab_reclaimable:22056kB slab_unreclaimable:28100kB kernel_stack:20976kB pagetables:9404kB unstable:0kB bounce:0kB free_pcp:120kB local_pcp:0kB free_cma:0kB writeback_tmp:0kB pages_scanned:
2701604 all_unreclaimable? no
lowmem_reserve[]: 0 0 0 0
Node 0 DMA: 25*4kB (UME) 16*8kB (UME) 3*16kB (UE) 5*32kB (UME) 2*64kB (UM) 2*128kB (ME) 2*256kB (ME) 1*512kB (E) 1*1024kB (E) 2*2048kB (ME) 0*4096kB = 6964kB
Node 0 DMA32: 925*4kB (UME) 140*8kB (UME) 5*16kB (ME) 5*32kB (M) 0*64kB 0*128kB 0*256kB 0*512kB 0*1024kB 0*2048kB 0*4096kB = 5060kB
Node 0 hugepages_total=0 hugepages_free=0 hugepages_surp=0 hugepages_size=1048576kB
Node 0 hugepages_total=0 hugepages_free=0 hugepages_surp=0 hugepages_size=2048kB
126847 total pagecache pages
0 pages in swap cache
Swap cache stats: add 0, delete 0, find 0/0
Free swap = 0kB
Total swap = 0kB
524157 pages RAM
0 pages HighMem/MovableOnly
76348 pages reserved
0 pages hwpoisoned
Out of memory: Kill process 4450 (file_io.00) score 998 or sacrifice child
Killed process 4450 (file_io.00) total-vm:4308kB, anon-rss:100kB, file-rss:1184kB, shmem-rss:0kB
kthreadd: page allocation failure: order:0, mode:0x2200020
file_io.00: page allocation failure: order:0, mode:0x2200020
CPU: 0 PID: 4457 Comm: file_io.00 Not tainted 4.5.0-rc7+ #45
Hardware name: VMware, Inc. VMware Virtual Platform/440BX Desktop Reference Platform, BIOS 6.00 07/31/2013
Call Trace:
warn_alloc_failed+0xf7/0x150
__alloc_pages_nodemask+0x23f/0xa60
alloc_pages_current+0x87/0x110
new_slab+0x3a1/0x440
___slab_alloc+0x3cf/0x590
__slab_alloc.isra.64+0x18/0x1d
kmem_cache_alloc+0x11c/0x150
wb_start_writeback+0x39/0x90
wakeup_flusher_threads+0x7f/0xf0
do_try_to_free_pages+0x1f9/0x410
try_to_free_pages+0x94/0xc0
__alloc_pages_nodemask+0x566/0xa60
alloc_pages_current+0x87/0x110
__page_cache_alloc+0xaf/0xc0
pagecache_get_page+0x88/0x260
grab_cache_page_write_begin+0x21/0x40
xfs_vm_write_begin+0x2f/0xf0
generic_perform_write+0xca/0x1c0
xfs_file_buffered_aio_write+0xcc/0x1f0
xfs_file_write_iter+0x84/0x140
__vfs_write+0xc7/0x100
vfs_write+0x9d/0x190
SyS_write+0x50/0xc0
entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath+0x12/0x6a
Mem-Info:
active_anon:293335 inactive_anon:2093 isolated_anon:0
active_file:10829 inactive_file:110045 isolated_file:32
unevictable:0 dirty:109275 writeback:822 unstable:0
slab_reclaimable:5489 slab_unreclaimable:10070
mapped:9999 shmem:2159 pagetables:2420 bounce:0
free:3 free_pcp:0 free_cma:0
Node 0 DMA free:12kB min:44kB low:52kB high:64kB active_anon:6060kB inactive_anon:176kB active_file:708kB inactive_file:756kB unevictable:0kB isolated(anon):0kB isolated(file):0kB present:15988kB managed:15904kB mlocked:0kB dirty:756kB writeback:0kB mapped:736kB shmem:184kB slab_reclaimable:48kB slab_unreclaimable:7160kB kernel_stack:160kB pagetables:144kB unstable:0kB bounce:0kB free_pcp:0kB local_pcp:0kB free_cma:0kB writeback_tmp:0kB pages_scanned:9844 all_unreclaimable? yes
lowmem_reserve[]: 0 1732 1732 1732
Node 0 DMA32 free:0kB min:5200kB low:6500kB high:7800kB active_anon:1167280kB inactive_anon:8196kB active_file:42608kB inactive_file:439424kB unevictable:0kB isolated(anon):0kB isolated(file):128kB present:2080640kB managed:1775332kB mlocked:0kB dirty:436344kB writeback:3288kB mapped:39260kB shmem:8452kB slab_reclaimable:21908kB slab_unreclaimable:33120kB kernel_stack:20976kB pagetables:9536kB unstable:0kB bounce:0kB free_pcp:0kB local_pcp:0kB free_cma:0kB writeback_tmp:0kB pages_scanned:
11073180 all_unreclaimable? yes
lowmem_reserve[]: 0 0 0 0
Node 0 DMA: 0*4kB 0*8kB 0*16kB 0*32kB 0*64kB 0*128kB 0*256kB 0*512kB 0*1024kB 0*2048kB 0*4096kB = 0kB
Node 0 DMA32: 0*4kB 0*8kB 0*16kB 0*32kB 0*64kB 0*128kB 0*256kB 0*512kB 0*1024kB 0*2048kB 0*4096kB = 0kB
Node 0 hugepages_total=0 hugepages_free=0 hugepages_surp=0 hugepages_size=1048576kB
Node 0 hugepages_total=0 hugepages_free=0 hugepages_surp=0 hugepages_size=2048kB
123086 total pagecache pages
0 pages in swap cache
Swap cache stats: add 0, delete 0, find 0/0
Free swap = 0kB
Total swap = 0kB
524157 pages RAM
0 pages HighMem/MovableOnly
76348 pages reserved
0 pages hwpoisoned
SLUB: Unable to allocate memory on node -1 (gfp=0x2088020)
cache: kmalloc-64, object size: 64, buffer size: 64, default order: 0, min order: 0
node 0: slabs: 3218, objs: 205952, free: 0
file_io.00: page allocation failure: order:0, mode:0x2200020
CPU: 0 PID: 4457 Comm: file_io.00 Not tainted 4.5.0-rc7+ #45
Assuming that somebody will find a better solution, let's apply this
patch for now to stop bleeding, for this problem frequently prevents me
from testing OOM livelock condition.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160318131136.GE7152@quack.suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Eric Engestrom [Fri, 20 May 2016 23:58:07 +0000 (16:58 -0700)]
Documentation: vm: fix spelling mistakes
Signed-off-by: Eric Engestrom <eric@engestrom.ch>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Weijie Yang [Fri, 20 May 2016 23:58:04 +0000 (16:58 -0700)]
mm fix commmets: if SPARSEMEM, pgdata doesn't have page_ext
If SPARSEMEM, use page_ext in mem_section
if !SPARSEMEM, use page_ext in pgdata
Signed-off-by: Weijie Yang <weijie.yang@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Chen Gang [Fri, 20 May 2016 23:58:01 +0000 (16:58 -0700)]
include/linux/hugetlb.h: use bool instead of int for hugepage_migration_supported()
It is used as a pure bool function within kernel source wide.
Signed-off-by: Chen Gang <gang.chen.5i5j@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Chen Gang [Fri, 20 May 2016 23:57:59 +0000 (16:57 -0700)]
include/linux/hugetlb*.h: clean up code
Macro HUGETLBFS_SB is clear enough, so one statement is clearer than 3
lines statements.
Remove redundant return statements for non-return functions, which can
save lines, at least.
Signed-off-by: Chen Gang <gang.chen.5i5j@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Ming Li [Fri, 20 May 2016 23:57:56 +0000 (16:57 -0700)]
mm/swap.c: put activate_page_pvecs and other pagevecs together
Put the activate_page_pvecs definition next to those of the other
pagevecs, for clarity.
Signed-off-by: Ming Li <mingli199x@qq.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Eric Dumazet [Fri, 20 May 2016 23:57:53 +0000 (16:57 -0700)]
mm: tighten fault_in_pages_writeable()
copy_page_to_iter_iovec() is currently the only user of
fault_in_pages_writeable(), and it definitely can use fragments from
high order pages.
Make sure fault_in_pages_writeable() is only touching two adjacent pages
at most, as claimed.
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
David Rientjes [Fri, 20 May 2016 23:57:50 +0000 (16:57 -0700)]
mm, hugetlb_cgroup: round limit_in_bytes down to hugepage size
The page_counter rounds limits down to page size values. This makes
sense, except in the case of hugetlb_cgroup where it's not possible to
charge partial hugepages. If the hugetlb_cgroup margin is less than the
hugepage size being charged, it will fail as expected.
Round the hugetlb_cgroup limit down to hugepage size, since it is the
effective limit of the cgroup.
For consistency, round down PAGE_COUNTER_MAX as well when a
hugetlb_cgroup is created: this prevents error reports when a user
cannot restore the value to the kernel default.
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Nikolay Borisov <kernel@kyup.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Rich Felker [Fri, 20 May 2016 23:57:47 +0000 (16:57 -0700)]
tmpfs/ramfs: fix VM_MAYSHARE mappings for NOMMU
The nommu do_mmap expects f_op->get_unmapped_area to either succeed or
return -ENOSYS for VM_MAYSHARE (e.g. private read-only) mappings.
Returning addr in the non-MAP_SHARED case was completely wrong, and only
happened to work because addr was 0. However, it prevented VM_MAYSHARE
mappings from sharing backing with the fs cache, and forced such
mappings (including shareable program text) to be copied whenever the
number of mappings transitioned from 0 to 1, impacting performance and
memory usage. Subsequent mappings beyond the first still correctly
shared memory with the first.
Instead, treat VM_MAYSHARE identically to VM_SHARED at the file ops level;
do_mmap already handles the semantic differences between them.
Signed-off-by: Rich Felker <dalias@libc.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Greg Ungerer <gerg@uclinux.org>
Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Yoshinori Sato <ysato@users.sourceforge.jp>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Konstantin Khlebnikov [Fri, 20 May 2016 23:57:45 +0000 (16:57 -0700)]
mm: enable RLIMIT_DATA by default with workaround for valgrind
Since commit
84638335900f ("mm: rework virtual memory accounting")
RLIMIT_DATA limits both brk() and private mmap() but this's disabled by
default because of incompatibility with older versions of valgrind.
Valgrind always set limit to zero and fails if RLIMIT_DATA is enabled.
Fortunately it changes only rlim_cur and keeps rlim_max for reverting
limit back when needed.
This patch checks current usage also against rlim_max if rlim_cur is
zero. This is safe because task anyway can increase rlim_cur up to
rlim_max. Size of brk is still checked against rlim_cur, so this part
is completely compatible - zero rlim_cur forbids brk() but allows
private mmap().
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/56A28613.5070104@de.ibm.com
Signed-off-by: Konstantin Khlebnikov <koct9i@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Yongji Xie [Fri, 20 May 2016 23:57:41 +0000 (16:57 -0700)]
mm: fix incorrect pfn passed to untrack_pfn() in remap_pfn_range()
We use generic hooks in remap_pfn_range() to help archs to track pfnmap
regions. The code is something like:
int remap_pfn_range()
{
...
track_pfn_remap(vma, &prot, pfn, addr, PAGE_ALIGN(size));
...
pfn -= addr >> PAGE_SHIFT;
...
untrack_pfn(vma, pfn, PAGE_ALIGN(size));
...
}
Here we can easily find the pfn is changed but not recovered before
untrack_pfn() is called. That's incorrect.
There are no known runtime effects - this is from inspection.
Signed-off-by: Yongji Xie <xyjxie@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Jerome Marchand <jmarchan@redhat.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <matthew.r.wilcox@intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: David Hildenbrand <dahi@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Chris Wilson [Fri, 20 May 2016 23:57:38 +0000 (16:57 -0700)]
mm/vmalloc: keep a separate lazy-free list
When mixing lots of vmallocs and set_memory_*() (which calls
vm_unmap_aliases()) I encountered situations where the performance
degraded severely due to the walking of the entire vmap_area list each
invocation.
One simple improvement is to add the lazily freed vmap_area to a
separate lockless free list, such that we then avoid having to walk the
full list on each purge.
Signed-off-by: Chris Wilson <chris@chris-wilson.co.uk>
Reviewed-by: Roman Pen <r.peniaev@gmail.com>
Cc: Joonas Lahtinen <joonas.lahtinen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Tvrtko Ursulin <tvrtko.ursulin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@ffwll.ch>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Roman Pen <r.peniaev@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Toshi Kani <toshi.kani@hp.com>
Cc: Shawn Lin <shawn.lin@rock-chips.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Alexander Kuleshov [Fri, 20 May 2016 23:57:35 +0000 (16:57 -0700)]
mm/memblock.c: move memblock_{add,reserve}_region into memblock_{add,reserve}
memblock_add_region() and memblock_reserve_region() do nothing specific
before the call of memblock_add_range(), only print debug output.
We can do the same in memblock_add() and memblock_reserve() since both
memblock_add_region() and memblock_reserve_region() are not used by
anybody outside of memblock.c and memblock_{add,reserve}() have the same
set of flags and nids.
Since memblock_add_region() and memblock_reserve_region() will be
inlined, there will not be functional changes, but will improve code
readability a little.
Signed-off-by: Alexander Kuleshov <kuleshovmail@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Tang Chen <tangchen@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Chen Yucong [Fri, 20 May 2016 23:57:32 +0000 (16:57 -0700)]
mm/memory-failure.c: replace "MCE" with "Memory failure"
HWPoison was specific to some particular x86 platforms. And it is often
seen as high level machine check handler. And therefore, 'MCE' is used
for the format prefix of printk(). However, 'PowerNV' has also used
HWPoison for handling memory errors[1], so 'MCE' is no longer suitable
to memory_failure.c.
Additionally, 'MCE' and 'Memory failure' have different context. The
former belongs to exception context and the latter belongs to process
context. Furthermore, HWPoison can also be used for off-lining those
sub-health pages that do not trigger any machine check exception.
This patch aims to replace 'MCE' with a more appropriate prefix.
[1] commit
75eb3d9b60c2 ("powerpc/powernv: Get FSP memory errors
and plumb into memory poison infrastructure.")
Signed-off-by: Chen Yucong <slaoub@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Yang Shi [Fri, 20 May 2016 23:57:30 +0000 (16:57 -0700)]
mm: thp: simplify the implementation of mk_huge_pmd()
The implementation of mk_huge_pmd looks verbose, it could be just
simplified to one line code.
Signed-off-by: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Tetsuo Handa [Fri, 20 May 2016 23:57:27 +0000 (16:57 -0700)]
mm,oom: speed up select_bad_process() loop
Since commit
3a5dda7a17cf ("oom: prevent unnecessary oom kills or kernel
panics"), select_bad_process() is using for_each_process_thread().
Since oom_unkillable_task() scans all threads in the caller's thread
group and oom_task_origin() scans signal_struct of the caller's thread
group, we don't need to call oom_unkillable_task() and oom_task_origin()
on each thread. Also, since !mm test will be done later at
oom_badness(), we don't need to do !mm test on each thread. Therefore,
we only need to do TIF_MEMDIE test on each thread.
Although the original code was correct it was quite inefficient because
each thread group was scanned num_threads times which can be a lot
especially with processes with many threads. Even though the OOM is
extremely cold path it is always good to be as effective as possible
when we are inside rcu_read_lock() - aka unpreemptible context.
If we track number of TIF_MEMDIE threads inside signal_struct, we don't
need to do TIF_MEMDIE test on each thread. This will allow
select_bad_process() to use for_each_process().
This patch adds a counter to signal_struct for tracking how many
TIF_MEMDIE threads are in a given thread group, and check it at
oom_scan_process_thread() so that select_bad_process() can use
for_each_process() rather than for_each_process_thread().
[mhocko@suse.com: do not blow the signal_struct size]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160520075035.GF19172@dhcp22.suse.cz
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/201605182230.IDC73435.MVSOHLFOQFOJtF@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp
Signed-off-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Michal Hocko [Fri, 20 May 2016 23:57:24 +0000 (16:57 -0700)]
oom: consider multi-threaded tasks in task_will_free_mem
task_will_free_mem is a misnomer for a more complex PF_EXITING test for
early break out from the oom killer because it is believed that such a
task would release its memory shortly and so we do not have to select an
oom victim and perform a disruptive action.
Currently we make sure that the given task is not participating in the
core dumping because it might get blocked for a long time - see commit
d003f371b270 ("oom: don't assume that a coredumping thread will exit
soon").
The check can still do better though. We shouldn't consider the task
unless the whole thread group is going down. This is rather unlikely
but not impossible. A single exiting thread would surely leave all the
address space behind. If we are really unlucky it might get stuck on
the exit path and keep its TIF_MEMDIE and so block the oom killer.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1460452756-15491-1-git-send-email-mhocko@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@i-love.sakura.ne.jp>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Michal Hocko [Fri, 20 May 2016 23:57:21 +0000 (16:57 -0700)]
mm, oom_reaper: do not mmput synchronously from the oom reaper context
Tetsuo has properly noted that mmput slow path might get blocked waiting
for another party (e.g. exit_aio waits for an IO). If that happens the
oom_reaper would be put out of the way and will not be able to process
next oom victim. We should strive for making this context as reliable
and independent on other subsystems as much as possible.
Introduce mmput_async which will perform the slow path from an async
(WQ) context. This will delay the operation but that shouldn't be a
problem because the oom_reaper has reclaimed the victim's address space
for most cases as much as possible and the remaining context shouldn't
bind too much memory anymore. The only exception is when mmap_sem
trylock has failed which shouldn't happen too often.
The issue is only theoretical but not impossible.
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Reported-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Michal Hocko [Fri, 20 May 2016 23:57:18 +0000 (16:57 -0700)]
mm, oom_reaper: hide oom reaped tasks from OOM killer more carefully
Commit
36324a990cf5 ("oom: clear TIF_MEMDIE after oom_reaper managed to
unmap the address space") not only clears TIF_MEMDIE for oom reaped task
but also set OOM_SCORE_ADJ_MIN for the target task to hide it from the
oom killer. This works in simple cases but it is not sufficient for
(unlikely) cases where the mm is shared between independent processes
(as they do not share signal struct). If the mm had only small amount
of memory which could be reaped then another task sharing the mm could
be selected and that wouldn't help to move out from the oom situation.
Introduce MMF_OOM_REAPED mm flag which is checked in oom_badness (same
as OOM_SCORE_ADJ_MIN) and task is skipped if the flag is set. Set the
flag after __oom_reap_task is done with a task. This will force the
select_bad_process() to ignore all already oom reaped tasks as well as
no such task is sacrificed for its parent.
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Michal Hocko [Fri, 20 May 2016 23:57:15 +0000 (16:57 -0700)]
mm, oom: protect !costly allocations some more for !CONFIG_COMPACTION
Joonsoo has reported that he is able to trigger OOM for !costly high
order requests (heavy fork() workload close the OOM) with the new oom
detection rework. This is because we rely only on should_reclaim_retry
when the compaction is disabled and it only checks watermarks for the
requested order and so we might trigger OOM when there is a lot of free
memory.
It is not very clear what are the usual workloads when the compaction is
disabled. Relying on high order allocations heavily without any
mechanism to create those orders except for unbound amount of reclaim is
certainly not a good idea.
To prevent from potential regressions let's help this configuration
some. We have to sacrifice the determinsm though because there simply
is none here possible. should_compact_retry implementation for
!CONFIG_COMPACTION, which was empty so far, will do watermark check for
order-0 on all eligible zones. This will cause retrying until either
the reclaim cannot make any further progress or all the zones are
depleted even for order-0 pages. This means that the number of retries
is basically unbounded for !costly orders but that was the case before
the rework as well so this shouldn't regress.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1463051677-29418-3-git-send-email-mhocko@kernel.org
Reported-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Michal Hocko [Fri, 20 May 2016 23:57:12 +0000 (16:57 -0700)]
mm, oom, compaction: prevent from should_compact_retry looping for ever for costly orders
"mm: consider compaction feedback also for costly allocation" has
removed the upper bound for the reclaim/compaction retries based on the
number of reclaimed pages for costly orders. While this is desirable
the patch did miss a mis interaction between reclaim, compaction and the
retry logic. The direct reclaim tries to get zones over min watermark
while compaction backs off and returns COMPACT_SKIPPED when all zones
are below low watermark + 1<<order gap. If we are getting really close
to OOM then __compaction_suitable can keep returning COMPACT_SKIPPED a
high order request (e.g. hugetlb order-9) while the reclaim is not able
to release enough pages to get us over low watermark. The reclaim is
still able to make some progress (usually trashing over few remaining
pages) so we are not able to break out from the loop.
I have seen this happening with the same test described in "mm: consider
compaction feedback also for costly allocation" on a swapless system.
The original problem got resolved by "vmscan: consider classzone_idx in
compaction_ready" but it shows how things might go wrong when we
approach the oom event horizont.
The reason why compaction requires being over low rather than min
watermark is not clear to me. This check was there essentially since
56de7263fcf3 ("mm: compaction: direct compact when a high-order
allocation fails"). It is clearly an implementation detail though and
we shouldn't pull it into the generic retry logic while we should be
able to cope with such eventuality. The only place in
should_compact_retry where we retry without any upper bound is for
compaction_withdrawn() case.
Introduce compaction_zonelist_suitable function which checks the given
zonelist and returns true only if there is at least one zone which would
would unblock __compaction_suitable if more memory got reclaimed. In
this implementation it checks __compaction_suitable with NR_FREE_PAGES
plus part of the reclaimable memory as the target for the watermark
check. The reclaimable memory is reduced linearly by the allocation
order. The idea is that we do not want to reclaim all the remaining
memory for a single allocation request just unblock
__compaction_suitable which doesn't guarantee we will make a further
progress.
The new helper is then used if compaction_withdrawn() feedback was
provided so we do not retry if there is no outlook for a further
progress. !costly requests shouldn't be affected much - e.g. order-2
pages would require to have at least 64kB on the reclaimable LRUs while
order-9 would need at least 32M which should be enough to not lock up.
[vbabka@suse.cz: fix classzone_idx vs. high_zoneidx usage in compaction_zonelist_suitable]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix it for Mel's mm-page_alloc-remove-field-from-alloc_context.patch]
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@virtuozzo.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Michal Hocko [Fri, 20 May 2016 23:57:09 +0000 (16:57 -0700)]
mm: consider compaction feedback also for costly allocation
PAGE_ALLOC_COSTLY_ORDER retry logic is mostly handled inside
should_reclaim_retry currently where we decide to not retry after at
least order worth of pages were reclaimed or the watermark check for at
least one zone would succeed after reclaiming all pages if the reclaim
hasn't made any progress. Compaction feedback is mostly ignored and we
just try to make sure that the compaction did at least something before
giving up.
The first condition was added by
a41f24ea9fd6 ("page allocator: smarter
retry of costly-order allocations) and it assumed that lumpy reclaim
could have created a page of the sufficient order. Lumpy reclaim, has
been removed quite some time ago so the assumption doesn't hold anymore.
Remove the check for the number of reclaimed pages and rely on the
compaction feedback solely. should_reclaim_retry now only makes sure
that we keep retrying reclaim for high order pages only if they are
hidden by watermaks so order-0 reclaim makes really sense.
should_compact_retry now keeps retrying even for the costly allocations.
The number of retries is reduced wrt. !costly requests because they are
less important and harder to grant and so their pressure shouldn't cause
contention for other requests or cause an over reclaim. We also do not
reset no_progress_loops for costly request to make sure we do not keep
reclaiming too agressively.
This has been tested by running a process which fragments memory:
- compact memory
- mmap large portion of the memory (1920M on 2GRAM machine with 2G
of swapspace)
- MADV_DONTNEED single page in PAGE_SIZE*((1UL<<MAX_ORDER)-1)
steps until certain amount of memory is freed (250M in my test)
and reduce the step to (step / 2) + 1 after reaching the end of
the mapping
- then run a script which populates the page cache 2G (MemTotal)
from /dev/zero to a new file
And then tries to allocate
nr_hugepages=$(awk '/MemAvailable/{printf "%d\n", $2/(2*1024)}' /proc/meminfo)
huge pages.
root@test1:~# echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/overcommit_memory;echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/compact_memory; ./fragment-mem-and-run /root/alloc_hugepages.sh 1920M 250M
Node 0, zone DMA 31 28 31 10 2 0 2 1 2 3 1
Node 0, zone DMA32 437 319 171 50 28 25 20 16 16 14 437
* This is the /proc/buddyinfo after the compaction
Done fragmenting. size=
2013265920 freed=
262144000
Node 0, zone DMA 165 48 3 1 2 0 2 2 2 2 0
Node 0, zone DMA32 35109 14575 185 51 41 12 6 0 0 0 0
* /proc/buddyinfo after memory got fragmented
Executing "/root/alloc_hugepages.sh"
Eating some pagecache
508623+0 records in
508623+0 records out
2083319808 bytes (2.1 GB) copied, 11.7292 s, 178 MB/s
Node 0, zone DMA 3 5 3 1 2 0 2 2 2 2 0
Node 0, zone DMA32 111 344 153 20 24 10 3 0 0 0 0
* /proc/buddyinfo after page cache got eaten
Trying to allocate 129
129
* 129 hugepages requested and all of them granted.
Node 0, zone DMA 3 5 3 1 2 0 2 2 2 2 0
Node 0, zone DMA32 127 97 30 99 11 6 2 1 4 0 0
* /proc/buddyinfo after hugetlb allocation.
10 runs will behave as follows:
Trying to allocate 130
130
--
Trying to allocate 129
129
--
Trying to allocate 128
128
--
Trying to allocate 129
129
--
Trying to allocate 128
128
--
Trying to allocate 129
129
--
Trying to allocate 132
132
--
Trying to allocate 129
129
--
Trying to allocate 128
128
--
Trying to allocate 129
129
So basically 100% success for all 10 attempts.
Without the patch numbers looked much worse:
Trying to allocate 128
12
--
Trying to allocate 129
14
--
Trying to allocate 129
7
--
Trying to allocate 129
16
--
Trying to allocate 129
30
--
Trying to allocate 129
38
--
Trying to allocate 129
19
--
Trying to allocate 129
37
--
Trying to allocate 129
28
--
Trying to allocate 129
37
Just for completness the base kernel without oom detection rework looks
as follows:
Trying to allocate 127
30
--
Trying to allocate 129
12
--
Trying to allocate 129
52
--
Trying to allocate 128
32
--
Trying to allocate 129
12
--
Trying to allocate 129
10
--
Trying to allocate 129
32
--
Trying to allocate 128
14
--
Trying to allocate 128
16
--
Trying to allocate 129
8
As we can see the success rate is much more volatile and smaller without
this patch. So the patch not only makes the retry logic for costly
requests more sensible the success rate is even higher.
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@virtuozzo.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Michal Hocko [Fri, 20 May 2016 23:57:06 +0000 (16:57 -0700)]
mm, oom: protect !costly allocations some more
should_reclaim_retry will give up retries for higher order allocations
if none of the eligible zones has any requested or higher order pages
available even if we pass the watermak check for order-0. This is done
because there is no guarantee that the reclaimable and currently free
pages will form the required order.
This can, however, lead to situations where the high-order request (e.g.
order-2 required for the stack allocation during fork) will trigger OOM
too early - e.g. after the first reclaim/compaction round. Such a
system would have to be highly fragmented and there is no guarantee
further reclaim/compaction attempts would help but at least make sure
that the compaction was active before we go OOM and keep retrying even
if should_reclaim_retry tells us to oom if
- the last compaction round backed off or
- we haven't completed at least MAX_COMPACT_RETRIES active
compaction rounds.
The first rule ensures that the very last attempt for compaction was not
ignored while the second guarantees that the compaction has done some
work. Multiple retries might be needed to prevent occasional pigggy
backing of other contexts to steal the compacted pages before the
current context manages to retry to allocate them.
compaction_failed() is taken as a final word from the compaction that
the retry doesn't make much sense. We have to be careful though because
the first compaction round is MIGRATE_ASYNC which is rather weak as it
ignores pages under writeback and gives up too easily in other
situations. We therefore have to make sure that MIGRATE_SYNC_LIGHT mode
has been used before we give up. With this logic in place we do not
have to increase the migration mode unconditionally and rather do it
only if the compaction failed for the weaker mode. A nice side effect
is that the stronger migration mode is used only when really needed so
this has a potential of smaller latencies in some cases.
Please note that the compaction doesn't tell us much about how
successful it was when returning compaction_made_progress so we just
have to blindly trust that another retry is worthwhile and cap the
number to something reasonable to guarantee a convergence.
If the given number of successful retries is not sufficient for a
reasonable workloads we should focus on the collected compaction
tracepoints data and try to address the issue in the compaction code.
If this is not feasible we can increase the retries limit.
[mhocko@suse.com: fix warning]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160512061636.GA4200@dhcp22.suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@virtuozzo.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Michal Hocko [Fri, 20 May 2016 23:57:03 +0000 (16:57 -0700)]
mm: throttle on IO only when there are too many dirty and writeback pages
wait_iff_congested has been used to throttle allocator before it retried
another round of direct reclaim to allow the writeback to make some
progress and prevent reclaim from looping over dirty/writeback pages
without making any progress.
We used to do congestion_wait before commit
0e093d99763e ("writeback: do
not sleep on the congestion queue if there are no congested BDIs or if
significant congestion is not being encountered in the current zone")
but that led to undesirable stalls and sleeping for the full timeout
even when the BDI wasn't congested. Hence wait_iff_congested was used
instead.
But it seems that even wait_iff_congested doesn't work as expected. We
might have a small file LRU list with all pages dirty/writeback and yet
the bdi is not congested so this is just a cond_resched in the end and
can end up triggering pre mature OOM.
This patch replaces the unconditional wait_iff_congested by
congestion_wait which is executed only if we _know_ that the last round
of direct reclaim didn't make any progress and dirty+writeback pages are
more than a half of the reclaimable pages on the zone which might be
usable for our target allocation. This shouldn't reintroduce stalls
fixed by
0e093d99763e because congestion_wait is called only when we are
getting hopeless when sleeping is a better choice than OOM with many
pages under IO.
We have to preserve logic introduced by commit
373ccbe59270 ("mm,
vmstat: allow WQ concurrency to discover memory reclaim doesn't make any
progress") into the __alloc_pages_slowpath now that wait_iff_congested
is not used anymore. As the only remaining user of wait_iff_congested
is shrink_inactive_list we can remove the WQ specific short sleep from
wait_iff_congested because the sleep is needed to be done only once in
the allocation retry cycle.
[mhocko@suse.com: high_zoneidx->ac_classzone_idx to evaluate memory reserves properly]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1463051677-29418-2-git-send-email-mhocko@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@virtuozzo.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Michal Hocko [Fri, 20 May 2016 23:57:00 +0000 (16:57 -0700)]
mm, oom: rework oom detection
__alloc_pages_slowpath has traditionally relied on the direct reclaim
and did_some_progress as an indicator that it makes sense to retry
allocation rather than declaring OOM. shrink_zones had to rely on
zone_reclaimable if shrink_zone didn't make any progress to prevent from
a premature OOM killer invocation - the LRU might be full of dirty or
writeback pages and direct reclaim cannot clean those up.
zone_reclaimable allows to rescan the reclaimable lists several times
and restart if a page is freed. This is really subtle behavior and it
might lead to a livelock when a single freed page keeps allocator
looping but the current task will not be able to allocate that single
page. OOM killer would be more appropriate than looping without any
progress for unbounded amount of time.
This patch changes OOM detection logic and pulls it out from shrink_zone
which is too low to be appropriate for any high level decisions such as
OOM which is per zonelist property. It is __alloc_pages_slowpath which
knows how many attempts have been done and what was the progress so far
therefore it is more appropriate to implement this logic.
The new heuristic is implemented in should_reclaim_retry helper called
from __alloc_pages_slowpath. It tries to be more deterministic and
easier to follow. It builds on an assumption that retrying makes sense
only if the currently reclaimable memory + free pages would allow the
current allocation request to succeed (as per __zone_watermark_ok) at
least for one zone in the usable zonelist.
This alone wouldn't be sufficient, though, because the writeback might
get stuck and reclaimable pages might be pinned for a really long time
or even depend on the current allocation context. Therefore there is a
backoff mechanism implemented which reduces the reclaim target after
each reclaim round without any progress. This means that we should
eventually converge to only NR_FREE_PAGES as the target and fail on the
wmark check and proceed to OOM. The backoff is simple and linear with
1/16 of the reclaimable pages for each round without any progress. We
are optimistic and reset counter for successful reclaim rounds.
Costly high order pages mostly preserve their semantic and those without
__GFP_REPEAT fail right away while those which have the flag set will
back off after the amount of reclaimable pages reaches equivalent of the
requested order. The only difference is that if there was no progress
during the reclaim we rely on zone watermark check. This is more
logical thing to do than previous 1<<order attempts which were a result
of zone_reclaimable faking the progress.
[vdavydov@virtuozzo.com: check classzone_idx for shrink_zone]
[hannes@cmpxchg.org: separate the heuristic into should_reclaim_retry]
[rientjes@google.com: use zone_page_state_snapshot for NR_FREE_PAGES]
[rientjes@google.com: shrink_zones doesn't need to return anything]
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@virtuozzo.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Michal Hocko [Fri, 20 May 2016 23:56:56 +0000 (16:56 -0700)]
mm, compaction: abstract compaction feedback to helpers
Compaction can provide a wild variation of feedback to the caller. Many
of them are implementation specific and the caller of the compaction
(especially the page allocator) shouldn't be bound to specifics of the
current implementation.
This patch abstracts the feedback into three basic types:
- compaction_made_progress - compaction was active and made some
progress.
- compaction_failed - compaction failed and further attempts to
invoke it would most probably fail and therefore it is not
worth retrying
- compaction_withdrawn - compaction wasn't invoked for an
implementation specific reasons. In the current implementation
it means that the compaction was deferred, contended or the
page scanners met too early without any progress. Retrying is
still worthwhile.
[vbabka@suse.cz: do not change thp back off behavior]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix typo in comment, per Hillf]
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@virtuozzo.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Michal Hocko [Fri, 20 May 2016 23:56:53 +0000 (16:56 -0700)]
mm, compaction: simplify __alloc_pages_direct_compact feedback interface
__alloc_pages_direct_compact communicates potential back off by two
variables:
- deferred_compaction tells that the compaction returned
COMPACT_DEFERRED
- contended_compaction is set when there is a contention on
zone->lock resp. zone->lru_lock locks
__alloc_pages_slowpath then backs of for THP allocation requests to
prevent from long stalls. This is rather messy and it would be much
cleaner to return a single compact result value and hide all the nasty
details into __alloc_pages_direct_compact.
This patch shouldn't introduce any functional changes.
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@virtuozzo.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Michal Hocko [Fri, 20 May 2016 23:56:50 +0000 (16:56 -0700)]
mm, compaction: update compaction_result ordering
compaction_result will be used as the primary feedback channel for
compaction users. At the same time try_to_compact_pages (and
potentially others) assume a certain ordering where a more specific
feedback takes precendence.
This gets a bit awkward when we have conflicting feedback from different
zones. E.g one returing COMPACT_COMPLETE meaning the full zone has been
scanned without any outcome while other returns with COMPACT_PARTIAL aka
made some progress. The caller should get COMPACT_PARTIAL because that
means that the compaction still can make some progress. The same
applies for COMPACT_PARTIAL vs COMPACT_PARTIAL_SKIPPED.
Reorder PARTIAL to be the largest one so the larger the value is the
more progress we have done.
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@virtuozzo.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Michal Hocko [Fri, 20 May 2016 23:56:47 +0000 (16:56 -0700)]
mm, compaction: distinguish between full and partial COMPACT_COMPLETE
COMPACT_COMPLETE now means that compaction and free scanner met. This
is not very useful information if somebody just wants to use this
feedback and make any decisions based on that. The current caller might
be a poor guy who just happened to scan tiny portion of the zone and
that could be the reason no suitable pages were compacted. Make sure we
distinguish the full and partial zone walks.
Consumers should treat COMPACT_PARTIAL_SKIPPED as a potential success
and be optimistic in retrying.
The existing users of COMPACT_COMPLETE are conservatively changed to use
COMPACT_PARTIAL_SKIPPED as well but some of them should be probably
reconsidered and only defer the compaction only for COMPACT_COMPLETE
with the new semantic.
This patch shouldn't introduce any functional changes.
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@virtuozzo.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Michal Hocko [Fri, 20 May 2016 23:56:44 +0000 (16:56 -0700)]
mm, compaction: distinguish COMPACT_DEFERRED from COMPACT_SKIPPED
try_to_compact_pages() can currently return COMPACT_SKIPPED even when
the compaction is defered for some zone just because zone DMA is skipped
in 99% of cases due to watermark checks. This makes COMPACT_DEFERRED
basically unusable for the page allocator as a feedback mechanism.
Make sure we distinguish those two states properly and switch their
ordering in the enum. This would mean that the COMPACT_SKIPPED will be
returned only when all eligible zones are skipped.
As a result COMPACT_DEFERRED handling for THP in __alloc_pages_slowpath
will be more precise and we would bail out rather than reclaim.
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@virtuozzo.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Michal Hocko [Fri, 20 May 2016 23:56:41 +0000 (16:56 -0700)]
mm, compaction: cover all compaction mode in compact_zone
The compiler is complaining after "mm, compaction: change COMPACT_
constants into enum"
mm/compaction.c: In function `compact_zone':
mm/compaction.c:1350:2: warning: enumeration value `COMPACT_DEFERRED' not handled in switch [-Wswitch]
switch (ret) {
^
mm/compaction.c:1350:2: warning: enumeration value `COMPACT_COMPLETE' not handled in switch [-Wswitch]
mm/compaction.c:1350:2: warning: enumeration value `COMPACT_NO_SUITABLE_PAGE' not handled in switch [-Wswitch]
mm/compaction.c:1350:2: warning: enumeration value `COMPACT_NOT_SUITABLE_ZONE' not handled in switch [-Wswitch]
mm/compaction.c:1350:2: warning: enumeration value `COMPACT_CONTENDED' not handled in switch [-Wswitch]
compaction_suitable is allowed to return only COMPACT_PARTIAL,
COMPACT_SKIPPED and COMPACT_CONTINUE so other cases are simply
impossible. Put a VM_BUG_ON to catch an impossible return value.
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@virtuozzo.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Michal Hocko [Fri, 20 May 2016 23:56:38 +0000 (16:56 -0700)]
mm, compaction: change COMPACT_ constants into enum
Compaction code is doing weird dances between COMPACT_FOO -> int ->
unsigned long
But there doesn't seem to be any reason for that. All functions which
return/use one of those constants are not expecting any other value so it
really makes sense to define an enum for them and make it clear that no
other values are expected.
This is a pure cleanup and shouldn't introduce any functional changes.
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@virtuozzo.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Michal Hocko [Fri, 20 May 2016 23:56:34 +0000 (16:56 -0700)]
vmscan: consider classzone_idx in compaction_ready
Motivation:
As pointed out by Linus [2][3] relying on zone_reclaimable as a way to
communicate the reclaim progress is rater dubious. I tend to agree,
not only it is really obscure, it is not hard to imagine cases where a
single page freed in the loop keeps all the reclaimers looping without
getting any progress because their gfp_mask wouldn't allow to get that
page anyway (e.g. single GFP_ATOMIC alloc and free loop). This is rather
rare so it doesn't happen in the practice but the current logic which we
have is rather obscure and hard to follow a also non-deterministic.
This is an attempt to make the OOM detection more deterministic and
easier to follow because each reclaimer basically tracks its own
progress which is implemented at the page allocator layer rather spread
out between the allocator and the reclaim. The more on the
implementation is described in the first patch.
I have tested several different scenarios but it should be clear that
testing OOM killer is quite hard to be representative. There is usually
a tiny gap between almost OOM and full blown OOM which is often time
sensitive. Anyway, I have tested the following 2 scenarios and I would
appreciate if there are more to test.
Testing environment: a virtual machine with 2G of RAM and 2CPUs without
any swap to make the OOM more deterministic.
1) 2 writers (each doing dd with 4M blocks to an xfs partition with 1G
file size, removes the files and starts over again) running in
parallel for 10s to build up a lot of dirty pages when 100 parallel
mem_eaters (anon private populated mmap which waits until it gets
signal) with 80M each.
This causes an OOM flood of course and I have compared both patched
and unpatched kernels. The test is considered finished after there
are no OOM conditions detected. This should tell us whether there are
any excessive kills or some of them premature (e.g. due to dirty pages):
I have performed two runs this time each after a fresh boot.
* base kernel
$ grep "Out of memory:" base-oom-run1.log | wc -l
78
$ grep "Out of memory:" base-oom-run2.log | wc -l
78
$ grep "Kill process" base-oom-run1.log | tail -n1
[ 91.391203] Out of memory: Kill process 3061 (mem_eater) score 39 or sacrifice child
$ grep "Kill process" base-oom-run2.log | tail -n1
[ 82.141919] Out of memory: Kill process 3086 (mem_eater) score 39 or sacrifice child
$ grep "DMA32 free:" base-oom-run1.log | sed 's@.*free:\([0-9]*\)kB.*@\1@' | calc_min_max.awk
min: 5376.00 max: 6776.00 avg: 5530.75 std: 166.50 nr: 61
$ grep "DMA32 free:" base-oom-run2.log | sed 's@.*free:\([0-9]*\)kB.*@\1@' | calc_min_max.awk
min: 5416.00 max: 5608.00 avg: 5514.15 std: 42.94 nr: 52
$ grep "DMA32.*all_unreclaimable? no" base-oom-run1.log | wc -l
1
$ grep "DMA32.*all_unreclaimable? no" base-oom-run2.log | wc -l
3
* patched kernel
$ grep "Out of memory:" patched-oom-run1.log | wc -l
78
miso@tiehlicka /mnt/share/devel/miso/kvm $ grep "Out of memory:" patched-oom-run2.log | wc -l
77
e grep "Kill process" patched-oom-run1.log | tail -n1
[ 497.317732] Out of memory: Kill process 3108 (mem_eater) score 39 or sacrifice child
$ grep "Kill process" patched-oom-run2.log | tail -n1
[ 316.169920] Out of memory: Kill process 3093 (mem_eater) score 39 or sacrifice child
$ grep "DMA32 free:" patched-oom-run1.log | sed 's@.*free:\([0-9]*\)kB.*@\1@' | calc_min_max.awk
min: 5420.00 max: 5808.00 avg: 5513.90 std: 60.45 nr: 78
$ grep "DMA32 free:" patched-oom-run2.log | sed 's@.*free:\([0-9]*\)kB.*@\1@' | calc_min_max.awk
min: 5380.00 max: 6384.00 avg: 5520.94 std: 136.84 nr: 77
e grep "DMA32.*all_unreclaimable? no" patched-oom-run1.log | wc -l
2
$ grep "DMA32.*all_unreclaimable? no" patched-oom-run2.log | wc -l
3
The patched kernel run noticeably longer while invoking OOM killer same
number of times. This means that the original implementation is much
more aggressive and triggers the OOM killer sooner. free pages stats
show that neither kernels went OOM too early most of the time, though. I
guess the difference is in the backoff when retries without any progress
do sleep for a while if there is memory under writeback or dirty which
is highly likely considering the parallel IO.
Both kernels have seen races where zone wasn't marked unreclaimable
and we still hit the OOM killer. This is most likely a race where
a task managed to exit between the last allocation attempt and the oom
killer invocation.
2) 2 writers again with 10s of run and then 10 mem_eaters to consume as much
memory as possible without triggering the OOM killer. This required a lot
of tuning but I've considered 3 consecutive runs in three different boots
without OOM as a success.
* base kernel
size=$(awk '/MemFree/{printf "%dK", ($2/10)-(16*1024)}' /proc/meminfo)
* patched kernel
size=$(awk '/MemFree/{printf "%dK", ($2/10)-(12*1024)}' /proc/meminfo)
That means 40M more memory was usable without triggering OOM killer. The
base kernel sometimes managed to handle the same as patched but it
wasn't consistent and failed in at least on of the 3 runs. This seems
like a minor improvement.
I was testing also GPF_REPEAT costly requests (hughetlb) with fragmented
memory and under memory pressure. The results are in patch 11 where the
logic is implemented. In short I can see huge improvement there.
I am certainly interested in other usecases as well as well as any
feedback. Especially those which require higher order requests.
This patch (of 14):
While playing with the oom detection rework [1] I have noticed that my
heavy order-9 (hugetlb) load close to OOM ended up in an endless loop
where the reclaim hasn't made any progress but did_some_progress didn't
reflect that and compaction_suitable was backing off because no zone is
above low wmark + 1 << order.
It turned out that this is in fact an old standing bug in
compaction_ready which ignores the requested_highidx and did the
watermark check for 0 classzone_idx. This succeeds for zone DMA most
of the time as the zone is mostly unused because of lowmem protection.
As a result costly high order allocatios always report a successfull
progress even when there was none. This wasn't a problem so far
because these allocations usually fail quite early or retry only few
times with __GFP_REPEAT but this will change after later patch in this
series so make sure to not lie about the progress and propagate
requested_highidx down to compaction_ready and use it for both the
watermak check and compaction_suitable to fix this issue.
[1] http://lkml.kernel.org/r/
1459855533-4600-1-git-send-email-mhocko@kernel.org
[2] https://lkml.org/lkml/2015/10/12/808
[3] https://lkml.org/lkml/2015/10/13/597
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@virtuozzo.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Rik van Riel [Fri, 20 May 2016 23:56:31 +0000 (16:56 -0700)]
mm: vmscan: reduce size of inactive file list
The inactive file list should still be large enough to contain readahead
windows and freshly written file data, but it no longer is the only
source for detecting multiple accesses to file pages. The workingset
refault measurement code causes recently evicted file pages that get
accessed again after a shorter interval to be promoted directly to the
active list.
With that mechanism in place, we can afford to (on a larger system)
dedicate more memory to the active file list, so we can actually cache
more of the frequently used file pages in memory, and not have them
pushed out by streaming writes, once-used streaming file reads, etc.
This can help things like database workloads, where only half the page
cache can currently be used to cache the database working set. This
patch automatically increases that fraction on larger systems, using the
same ratio that has already been used for anonymous memory.
[hannes@cmpxchg.org: cgroup-awareness]
Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Reported-by: Andres Freund <andres@anarazel.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Johannes Weiner [Fri, 20 May 2016 23:56:28 +0000 (16:56 -0700)]
mm: filemap: only do access activations on reads
Andres observed that his database workload is struggling with the
transaction journal creating pressure on frequently read pages.
Access patterns like transaction journals frequently write the same
pages over and over, but in the majority of cases those pages are never
read back. There are no caching benefits to be had for those pages, so
activating them and having them put pressure on pages that do benefit
from caching is a bad choice.
Leave page activations to read accesses and don't promote pages based on
writes alone.
It could be said that partially written pages do contain cache-worthy
data, because even if *userspace* does not access the unwritten part,
the kernel still has to read it from the filesystem for correctness.
However, a counter argument is that these pages enjoy at least *some*
protection over other inactive file pages through the writeback cache,
in the sense that dirty pages are written back with a delay and cache
reclaim leaves them alone until they have been written back to disk.
Should that turn out to be insufficient and we see increased read IO
from partial writes under memory pressure, we can always go back and
update grab_cache_page_write_begin() to take (pos, len) so that it can
tell partial writes from pages that don't need partial reads. But for
now, keep it simple.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Reported-by: Andres Freund <andres@anarazel.de>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Rik van Riel [Fri, 20 May 2016 23:56:25 +0000 (16:56 -0700)]
mm: workingset: only do workingset activations on reads
This is a follow-up to
http://www.spinics.net/lists/linux-mm/msg101739.html
where Andres reported his database workingset being pushed out by the
minimum size enforcement of the inactive file list - currently 50% of
cache - as well as repeatedly written file pages that are never actually
read.
Two changes fell out of the discussions. The first change observes that
pages that are only ever written don't benefit from caching beyond what
the writeback cache does for partial page writes, and so we shouldn't
promote them to the active file list where they compete with pages whose
cached data is actually accessed repeatedly. This change comes in two
patches - one for in-cache write accesses and one for refaults triggered
by writes, neither of which should promote a cache page.
Second, with the refault detection we don't need to set 50% of the cache
aside for used-once cache anymore since we can detect frequently used
pages even when they are evicted between accesses. We can allow the
active list to be bigger and thus protect a bigger workingset that isn't
challenged by streamers. Depending on the access patterns, this can
increase major faults during workingset transitions for better
performance during stable phases.
This patch (of 3):
When rewriting a page, the data in that page is replaced with new data.
This means that evicting something else from the active file list, in
order to cache data that will be replaced by something else, is likely
to be a waste of memory.
It is better to save the active list for frequently read pages, because
reads actually use the data that is in the page.
This patch ignores partial writes, because it is unclear whether the
complexity of identifying those is worth any potential performance gain
obtained from better caching pages that see repeated partial writes at
large enough intervals to not get caught by the use-twice promotion code
used for the inactive file list.
Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Reported-by: Andres Freund <andres@anarazel.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Linus Torvalds [Fri, 20 May 2016 18:10:24 +0000 (11:10 -0700)]
Merge tag 'mfd-for-linus-4.7' of git://git./linux/kernel/git/lee/mfd
Pull MFD updates from Lee Jones:
"New Drivers:
- Add new driver for MAXIM MAX77620/MAX20024 PMIC
- Add new driver for Hisilicon HI665X PMIC
New Device Support:
- Add support for AXP809 in axp20x-rsb
- Add support for Power Supply in axp20x
New core features:
- devm_mfd_* managed resources
Fix-ups:
- Remove unused code (da9063-irq, wm8400-core, tps6105x,
smsc-
ece1099, twl4030-power)
- Improve clean-up in error path (intel_quark_i2c_gpio)
- Explicitly include headers (syscon.h)
- Allow building as modules (max77693)
- Use IS_ENABLED() instead of rolling your own (dm355evm_msp,
wm8400-core)
- DT adaptions (axp20x, hi655x, arizona, max77620)
- Remove CLK_IS_ROOT flag (intel-lpss, intel_quark)
- Move to gpiochip API (asic3, dm355evm_msp, htc-egpio, htc-i2cpld,
sm501, tc6393xb, tps65010, ucb1x00, vexpress)
- Make use of devm_mfd_* calls (act8945a, as3711, atmel-hlcdc,
bcm590xx, hi6421-pmic-core, lp3943, menf21bmc, mt6397, rdc321x,
rk808, rn5t618, rt5033, sky81452, stw481x, tps6507x, tps65217,
wm8400)
Bug Fixes"
- Fix ACPI child matching (mfd-core)
- Fix start-up ordering issues (mt6397-core, arizona-core)
- Fix forgotten register state on resume (intel-lpss)
- Fix Clock related issues (twl6040)
- Fix scheduling whilst atomic (omap-usb-tll)
- Kconfig changes (vexpress)"
* tag 'mfd-for-linus-4.7' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/lee/mfd: (73 commits)
mfd: hi655x: Add MFD driver for hi655x
mfd: ab8500-debugfs: Trivial fix of spelling mistake on "between"
mfd: vexpress: Add !ARCH_USES_GETTIMEOFFSET dependency
mfd: Add device-tree binding doc for PMIC MAX77620/MAX20024
mfd: max77620: Add core driver for MAX77620/MAX20024
mfd: arizona: Add defines for GPSW values that can be used from DT
mfd: omap-usb-tll: Fix scheduling while atomic BUG
mfd: wm5110: ARIZONA_CLOCK_CONTROL should be volatile
mfd: axp20x: Add a cell for the ac power_supply part of the axp20x PMICs
mfd: intel_soc_pmic_core: Terminate panel control GPIO lookup table correctly
mfd: wl1273-core: Use devm_mfd_add_devices() for mfd_device registration
mfd: tps65910: Use devm_mfd_add_devices and devm_regmap_add_irq_chip
mfd: sec: Use devm_mfd_add_devices and devm_regmap_add_irq_chip
mfd: rc5t583: Use devm_mfd_add_devices and devm_request_threaded_irq
mfd: max77686: Use devm_mfd_add_devices and devm_regmap_add_irq_chip
mfd: as3722: Use devm_mfd_add_devices and devm_regmap_add_irq_chip
mfd: twl4030-power: Remove driver path in file comment
MAINTAINERS: Add entry for X-Powers AXP family PMIC drivers
mfd: smsc-
ece1099: Remove unnecessarily remove callback
mfd: Use IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_FOO) instead of checking FOO || FOO_MODULE
...
Linus Torvalds [Fri, 20 May 2016 18:05:40 +0000 (11:05 -0700)]
Merge tag 'hsi-for-4.7' of git://git./linux/kernel/git/sre/linux-hsi
Pull HSI updates from Sebastian Reichel:
- merge omap-ssi and omap-ssi-port modules
- fix omap-ssi module reloading
- add DVFS support to omap-ssi
* tag 'hsi-for-4.7' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/sre/linux-hsi:
HSI: omap-ssi: move omap_ssi_port_update_fclk
HSI: omap-ssi: include pinctrl header files
HSI: omap-ssi: add COMMON_CLK dependency
HSI: omap-ssi: add clk change support
HSI: omap_ssi: built omap_ssi and omap_ssi_port into one module
HSI: omap_ssi: fix removal of port platform device
HSI: omap_ssi: make sure probe stays available
HSI: omap_ssi: fix module unloading
HSI: omap_ssi_port: switch to gpiod API
Linus Torvalds [Fri, 20 May 2016 18:01:02 +0000 (11:01 -0700)]
Merge tag 'fbdev-4.7' of git://git./linux/kernel/git/tomba/linux
Pull fbdev updates from Tomi Valkeinen:
- imxfb: fix lcd power up
- small fixes and cleanups
* tag 'fbdev-4.7' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tomba/linux:
fbdev: Use IS_ENABLED() instead of checking for built-in or module
efifb: Don't show the mapping VA
video: AMBA CLCD: Remove unncessary include in amba-clcd.c
fbdev: ssd1307fb: Fix charge pump setting
Documentation: fb: fix spelling mistakes
fbdev: fbmem: implement error handling in fbmem_init()
fbdev: sh_mipi_dsi: remove driver
video: fbdev: imxfb: add some error handling
video: fbdev: imxfb: fix semantic of .get_power and .set_power
video: fbdev: omap2: Remove deprecated regulator_can_change_voltage() usage
Linus Torvalds [Fri, 20 May 2016 17:25:16 +0000 (10:25 -0700)]
Merge branch 'linus' of git://git./linux/kernel/git/herbert/crypto-2.6
Pull crypto fix from Herbert Xu:
"Fix a regression that causes sha-mb to crash"
* 'linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/herbert/crypto-2.6:
crypto: sha1-mb - make sha1_x8_avx2() conform to C function ABI
Arnd Bergmann [Thu, 12 May 2016 21:03:35 +0000 (23:03 +0200)]
irqchip: nps: add 64BIT dependency
The newly added nps irqchip driver causes build warnings on ARM64.
include/soc/nps/common.h: In function 'nps_host_reg_non_cl':
include/soc/nps/common.h:148:9: warning: cast to pointer from integer of different size [-Wint-to-pointer-cast]
As the driver is only used on ARC, we don't need to see it without
COMPILE_TEST elsewhere, and we can avoid the warnings by only building
on 32-bit architectures even with CONFIG_COMPILE_TEST.
Acked-by: Marc Zyngier <narc.zyngier@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@synopsys.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Linus Torvalds [Fri, 20 May 2016 17:12:41 +0000 (10:12 -0700)]
Merge tag 'powerpc-4.7-1' of git://git./linux/kernel/git/powerpc/linux
Pull powerpc updates from Michael Ellerman:
"Highlights:
- Support for Power ISA 3.0 (Power9) Radix Tree MMU from Aneesh Kumar K.V
- Live patching support for ppc64le (also merged via livepatching.git)
Various cleanups & minor fixes from:
- Aaro Koskinen, Alexey Kardashevskiy, Andrew Donnellan, Aneesh Kumar K.V,
Chris Smart, Daniel Axtens, Frederic Barrat, Gavin Shan, Ian Munsie,
Lennart Sorensen, Madhavan Srinivasan, Mahesh Salgaonkar, Markus Elfring,
Michael Ellerman, Oliver O'Halloran, Paul Gortmaker, Paul Mackerras,
Rashmica Gupta, Russell Currey, Suraj Jitindar Singh, Thiago Jung
Bauermann, Valentin Rothberg, Vipin K Parashar.
General:
- Update LMB associativity index during DLPAR add/remove from Nathan
Fontenot
- Fix branching to OOL handlers in relocatable kernel from Hari Bathini
- Add support for userspace Power9 copy/paste from Chris Smart
- Always use STRICT_MM_TYPECHECKS from Michael Ellerman
- Add mask of possible MMU features from Michael Ellerman
PCI:
- Enable pass through of NVLink to guests from Alexey Kardashevskiy
- Cleanups in preparation for powernv PCI hotplug from Gavin Shan
- Don't report error in eeh_pe_reset_and_recover() from Gavin Shan
- Restore initial state in eeh_pe_reset_and_recover() from Gavin Shan
- Revert "powerpc/eeh: Fix crash in eeh_add_device_early() on Cell"
from Guilherme G Piccoli
- Remove the dependency on EEH struct in DDW mechanism from Guilherme
G Piccoli
selftests:
- Test cp_abort during context switch from Chris Smart
- Add several tests for transactional memory support from Rashmica
Gupta
perf:
- Add support for sampling interrupt register state from Anju T
- Add support for unwinding perf-stackdump from Chandan Kumar
cxl:
- Configure the PSL for two CAPI ports on POWER8NVL from Philippe
Bergheaud
- Allow initialization on timebase sync failures from Frederic Barrat
- Increase timeout for detection of AFU mmio hang from Frederic
Barrat
- Handle num_of_processes larger than can fit in the SPA from Ian
Munsie
- Ensure PSL interrupt is configured for contexts with no AFU IRQs
from Ian Munsie
- Add kernel API to allow a context to operate with relocate disabled
from Ian Munsie
- Check periodically the coherent platform function's state from
Christophe Lombard
Freescale:
- Updates from Scott: "Contains 86xx fixes, minor device tree fixes,
an erratum workaround, and a kconfig dependency fix."
* tag 'powerpc-4.7-1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/powerpc/linux: (192 commits)
powerpc/86xx: Fix PCI interrupt map definition
powerpc/86xx: Move pci1 definition to the include file
powerpc/fsl: Fix build of the dtb embedded kernel images
powerpc/fsl: Fix rcpm compatible string
powerpc/fsl: Remove FSL_SOC dependency from FSL_LBC
powerpc/fsl-pci: Add a workaround for PCI 5 errata
powerpc/fsl: Fix SPI compatible on t208xrdb and t1040rdb
powerpc/powernv/npu: Add PE to PHB's list
powerpc/powernv: Fix insufficient memory allocation
powerpc/iommu: Remove the dependency on EEH struct in DDW mechanism
Revert "powerpc/eeh: Fix crash in eeh_add_device_early() on Cell"
powerpc/eeh: Drop unnecessary label in eeh_pe_change_owner()
powerpc/eeh: Ignore handlers in eeh_pe_reset_and_recover()
powerpc/eeh: Restore initial state in eeh_pe_reset_and_recover()
powerpc/eeh: Don't report error in eeh_pe_reset_and_recover()
Revert "powerpc/powernv: Exclude root bus in pnv_pci_reset_secondary_bus()"
powerpc/powernv/npu: Enable NVLink pass through
powerpc/powernv/npu: Rework TCE Kill handling
powerpc/powernv/npu: Add set/unset window helpers
powerpc/powernv/ioda2: Export debug helper pe_level_printk()
...
Linus Torvalds [Fri, 20 May 2016 17:01:38 +0000 (10:01 -0700)]
Merge branch 'for-linus' of git://git.armlinux.org.uk/~rmk/linux-arm
Pull ARM updates from Russell King:
"Changes included in this pull request:
- revert pxa2xx-flash back to using ioremap_cached() and switch
memremap() to use arch_memremap_wb()
- remove pci=firmware command line argument handling
- remove unnecessary arm_dma_set_mask() implementation, the generic
implementation will do for ARM
- removal of the ARM kallsyms "hack" to work around mode switching
veneers and vectors located below PAGE_OFFSET
- tidy up build system output a little
- add L2 cache power management DT bindings
- remove duplicated local_irq_disable() in reboot paths
- handle AMBA primecell devices better at registration time with PM
domains (needed for Samsung SoCs)
- ARM specific preparation to support Keystone II kexec"
* 'for-linus' of git://git.armlinux.org.uk/~rmk/linux-arm:
ARM: 8567/1: cache-uniphier: activate ways for secondary CPUs
ARM: 8570/2: Documentation: devicetree: Add PL310 PM bindings
ARM: 8569/1: pl2x0: Add OF control of cache power management
ARM: 8568/1: reboot: remove duplicated local_irq_disable()
ARM: 8566/1: drivers: amba: properly handle devices with power domains
ARM: provide arm_has_idmap_alias() helper
ARM: kexec: remove 512MB restriction on kexec crashdump
ARM: provide improved virt_to_idmap() functionality
ARM: kexec: fix crashkernel= handling
ARM: 8557/1: specify install, zinstall, and uinstall as PHONY targets
ARM: 8562/1: suppress "include/generated/mach-types.h is up to date."
ARM: 8553/1: kallsyms: remove --page-offset command line option
ARM: 8552/1: kallsyms: remove special lower address limit for CONFIG_ARM
ARM: 8555/1: kallsyms: ignore ARM mode switching veneers
ARM: 8548/1: dma-mapping: remove arm_dma_set_mask()
ARM: 8554/1: kernel: pci: remove pci=firmware command line parameter handling
ARM: memremap: implement arch_memremap_wb()
memremap: add arch specific hook for MEMREMAP_WB mappings
mtd: pxa2xx-flash: switch back from memremap to ioremap_cached
ARM: reintroduce ioremap_cached() for creating cached I/O mappings
Linus Torvalds [Fri, 20 May 2016 03:00:06 +0000 (20:00 -0700)]
Merge branch 'akpm' (patches from Andrew)
Merge updates from Andrew Morton:
- fsnotify fix
- poll() timeout fix
- a few scripts/ tweaks
- debugobjects updates
- the (small) ocfs2 queue
- Minor fixes to kernel/padata.c
- Maybe half of the MM queue
* emailed patches from Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>: (117 commits)
mm, page_alloc: restore the original nodemask if the fast path allocation failed
mm, page_alloc: uninline the bad page part of check_new_page()
mm, page_alloc: don't duplicate code in free_pcp_prepare
mm, page_alloc: defer debugging checks of pages allocated from the PCP
mm, page_alloc: defer debugging checks of freed pages until a PCP drain
cpuset: use static key better and convert to new API
mm, page_alloc: inline pageblock lookup in page free fast paths
mm, page_alloc: remove unnecessary variable from free_pcppages_bulk
mm, page_alloc: pull out side effects from free_pages_check
mm, page_alloc: un-inline the bad part of free_pages_check
mm, page_alloc: check multiple page fields with a single branch
mm, page_alloc: remove field from alloc_context
mm, page_alloc: avoid looking up the first zone in a zonelist twice
mm, page_alloc: shortcut watermark checks for order-0 pages
mm, page_alloc: reduce cost of fair zone allocation policy retry
mm, page_alloc: shorten the page allocator fast path
mm, page_alloc: check once if a zone has isolated pageblocks
mm, page_alloc: move __GFP_HARDWALL modifications out of the fastpath
mm, page_alloc: simplify last cpupid reset
mm, page_alloc: remove unnecessary initialisation from __alloc_pages_nodemask()
...
Mel Gorman [Fri, 20 May 2016 00:14:44 +0000 (17:14 -0700)]
mm, page_alloc: restore the original nodemask if the fast path allocation failed
The page allocator fast path uses either the requested nodemask or
cpuset_current_mems_allowed if cpusets are enabled. If the allocation
context allows watermarks to be ignored then it can also ignore memory
policies. However, on entering the allocator slowpath the nodemask may
still be cpuset_current_mems_allowed and the policies are enforced.
This patch resets the nodemask appropriately before entering the
slowpath.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160504143628.GU2858@techsingularity.net
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Vlastimil Babka [Fri, 20 May 2016 00:14:41 +0000 (17:14 -0700)]
mm, page_alloc: uninline the bad page part of check_new_page()
Bad pages should be rare so the code handling them doesn't need to be
inline for performance reasons. Put it to separate function which
returns void. This also assumes that the initial page_expected_state()
result will match the result of the thorough check, i.e. the page
doesn't become "good" in the meanwhile. This matches the same
expectations already in place in free_pages_check().
!DEBUG_VM bloat-o-meter:
add/remove: 1/0 grow/shrink: 0/1 up/down: 134/-274 (-140)
function old new delta
check_new_page_bad - 134 +134
get_page_from_freelist 3468 3194 -274
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Mel Gorman [Fri, 20 May 2016 00:14:38 +0000 (17:14 -0700)]
mm, page_alloc: don't duplicate code in free_pcp_prepare
The new free_pcp_prepare() function shares a lot of code with
free_pages_prepare(), which makes this a maintenance risk when some
future patch modifies only one of them. We should be able to achieve
the same effect (skipping free_pages_check() from !DEBUG_VM configs) by
adding a parameter to free_pages_prepare() and making it inline, so the
checks (and the order != 0 parts) are eliminated from the call from
free_pcp_prepare().
!DEBUG_VM: bloat-o-meter reports no difference, as my gcc was already
inlining free_pages_prepare() and the elimination seems to work as
expected
DEBUG_VM bloat-o-meter:
add/remove: 0/1 grow/shrink: 2/0 up/down: 1035/-778 (257)
function old new delta
__free_pages_ok 297 1060 +763
free_hot_cold_page 480 752 +272
free_pages_prepare 778 - -778
Here inlining didn't occur before, and added some code, but it's ok for
a debug option.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Mel Gorman [Fri, 20 May 2016 00:14:35 +0000 (17:14 -0700)]
mm, page_alloc: defer debugging checks of pages allocated from the PCP
Every page allocated checks a number of page fields for validity. This
catches corruption bugs of pages that are already freed but it is
expensive. This patch weakens the debugging check by checking PCP pages
only when the PCP lists are being refilled. All compound pages are
checked. This potentially avoids debugging checks entirely if the PCP
lists are never emptied and refilled so some corruption issues may be
missed. Full checking requires DEBUG_VM.
With the two deferred debugging patches applied, the impact to a page
allocator microbenchmark is
4.6.0-rc3 4.6.0-rc3
inline-v3r6 deferalloc-v3r7
Min alloc-odr0-1 344.00 ( 0.00%) 317.00 ( 7.85%)
Min alloc-odr0-2 248.00 ( 0.00%) 231.00 ( 6.85%)
Min alloc-odr0-4 209.00 ( 0.00%) 192.00 ( 8.13%)
Min alloc-odr0-8 181.00 ( 0.00%) 166.00 ( 8.29%)
Min alloc-odr0-16 168.00 ( 0.00%) 154.00 ( 8.33%)
Min alloc-odr0-32 161.00 ( 0.00%) 148.00 ( 8.07%)
Min alloc-odr0-64 158.00 ( 0.00%) 145.00 ( 8.23%)
Min alloc-odr0-128 156.00 ( 0.00%) 143.00 ( 8.33%)
Min alloc-odr0-256 168.00 ( 0.00%) 154.00 ( 8.33%)
Min alloc-odr0-512 178.00 ( 0.00%) 167.00 ( 6.18%)
Min alloc-odr0-1024 186.00 ( 0.00%) 174.00 ( 6.45%)
Min alloc-odr0-2048 192.00 ( 0.00%) 180.00 ( 6.25%)
Min alloc-odr0-4096 198.00 ( 0.00%) 184.00 ( 7.07%)
Min alloc-odr0-8192 200.00 ( 0.00%) 188.00 ( 6.00%)
Min alloc-odr0-16384 201.00 ( 0.00%) 188.00 ( 6.47%)
Min free-odr0-1 189.00 ( 0.00%) 180.00 ( 4.76%)
Min free-odr0-2 132.00 ( 0.00%) 126.00 ( 4.55%)
Min free-odr0-4 104.00 ( 0.00%) 99.00 ( 4.81%)
Min free-odr0-8 90.00 ( 0.00%) 85.00 ( 5.56%)
Min free-odr0-16 84.00 ( 0.00%) 80.00 ( 4.76%)
Min free-odr0-32 80.00 ( 0.00%) 76.00 ( 5.00%)
Min free-odr0-64 78.00 ( 0.00%) 74.00 ( 5.13%)
Min free-odr0-128 77.00 ( 0.00%) 73.00 ( 5.19%)
Min free-odr0-256 94.00 ( 0.00%) 91.00 ( 3.19%)
Min free-odr0-512 108.00 ( 0.00%) 112.00 ( -3.70%)
Min free-odr0-1024 115.00 ( 0.00%) 118.00 ( -2.61%)
Min free-odr0-2048 120.00 ( 0.00%) 125.00 ( -4.17%)
Min free-odr0-4096 123.00 ( 0.00%) 129.00 ( -4.88%)
Min free-odr0-8192 126.00 ( 0.00%) 130.00 ( -3.17%)
Min free-odr0-16384 126.00 ( 0.00%) 131.00 ( -3.97%)
Note that the free paths for large numbers of pages is impacted as the
debugging cost gets shifted into that path when the page data is no
longer necessarily cache-hot.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Mel Gorman [Fri, 20 May 2016 00:14:32 +0000 (17:14 -0700)]
mm, page_alloc: defer debugging checks of freed pages until a PCP drain
Every page free checks a number of page fields for validity. This
catches premature frees and corruptions but it is also expensive. This
patch weakens the debugging check by checking PCP pages at the time they
are drained from the PCP list. This will trigger the bug but the site
that freed the corrupt page will be lost. To get the full context, a
kernel rebuild with DEBUG_VM is necessary.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build]
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Vlastimil Babka [Fri, 20 May 2016 00:14:30 +0000 (17:14 -0700)]
cpuset: use static key better and convert to new API
An important function for cpusets is cpuset_node_allowed(), which
optimizes on the fact if there's a single root CPU set, it must be
trivially allowed. But the check "nr_cpusets() <= 1" doesn't use the
cpusets_enabled_key static key the right way where static keys eliminate
branching overhead with jump labels.
This patch converts it so that static key is used properly. It's also
switched to the new static key API and the checking functions are
converted to return bool instead of int. We also provide a new variant
__cpuset_zone_allowed() which expects that the static key check was
already done and they key was enabled. This is needed for
get_page_from_freelist() where we want to also avoid the relatively
slower check when ALLOC_CPUSET is not set in alloc_flags.
The impact on the page allocator microbenchmark is less than expected
but the cleanup in itself is worthwhile.
4.6.0-rc2 4.6.0-rc2
multcheck-v1r20 cpuset-v1r20
Min alloc-odr0-1 348.00 ( 0.00%) 348.00 ( 0.00%)
Min alloc-odr0-2 254.00 ( 0.00%) 254.00 ( 0.00%)
Min alloc-odr0-4 213.00 ( 0.00%) 213.00 ( 0.00%)
Min alloc-odr0-8 186.00 ( 0.00%) 183.00 ( 1.61%)
Min alloc-odr0-16 173.00 ( 0.00%) 171.00 ( 1.16%)
Min alloc-odr0-32 166.00 ( 0.00%) 163.00 ( 1.81%)
Min alloc-odr0-64 162.00 ( 0.00%) 159.00 ( 1.85%)
Min alloc-odr0-128 160.00 ( 0.00%) 157.00 ( 1.88%)
Min alloc-odr0-256 169.00 ( 0.00%) 166.00 ( 1.78%)
Min alloc-odr0-512 180.00 ( 0.00%) 180.00 ( 0.00%)
Min alloc-odr0-1024 188.00 ( 0.00%) 187.00 ( 0.53%)
Min alloc-odr0-2048 194.00 ( 0.00%) 193.00 ( 0.52%)
Min alloc-odr0-4096 199.00 ( 0.00%) 198.00 ( 0.50%)
Min alloc-odr0-8192 202.00 ( 0.00%) 201.00 ( 0.50%)
Min alloc-odr0-16384 203.00 ( 0.00%) 202.00 ( 0.49%)
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Acked-by: Zefan Li <lizefan@huawei.com>
Cc: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Mel Gorman [Fri, 20 May 2016 00:14:27 +0000 (17:14 -0700)]
mm, page_alloc: inline pageblock lookup in page free fast paths
The function call overhead of get_pfnblock_flags_mask() is measurable in
the page free paths. This patch uses an inlined version that is faster.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Mel Gorman [Fri, 20 May 2016 00:14:24 +0000 (17:14 -0700)]
mm, page_alloc: remove unnecessary variable from free_pcppages_bulk
The original count is never reused so it can be removed.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Mel Gorman [Fri, 20 May 2016 00:14:21 +0000 (17:14 -0700)]
mm, page_alloc: pull out side effects from free_pages_check
Check without side-effects should be easier to maintain. It also
removes the duplicated cpupid and flags reset done in !DEBUG_VM variant
of both free_pcp_prepare() and then bulkfree_pcp_prepare(). Finally, it
enables the next patch.
It shouldn't result in new branches, thanks to inlining of the check.
!DEBUG_VM bloat-o-meter:
add/remove: 0/0 grow/shrink: 0/2 up/down: 0/-27 (-27)
function old new delta
__free_pages_ok 748 739 -9
free_pcppages_bulk 1403 1385 -18
DEBUG_VM:
add/remove: 0/0 grow/shrink: 0/1 up/down: 0/-28 (-28)
function old new delta
free_pages_prepare 806 778 -28
This is also slightly faster because cpupid information is not set on
tail pages so we can avoid resets there.
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Mel Gorman [Fri, 20 May 2016 00:14:18 +0000 (17:14 -0700)]
mm, page_alloc: un-inline the bad part of free_pages_check
From: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
!DEBUG_VM size and bloat-o-meter:
add/remove: 1/0 grow/shrink: 0/2 up/down: 124/-370 (-246)
function old new delta
free_pages_check_bad - 124 +124
free_pcppages_bulk 1288 1171 -117
__free_pages_ok 948 695 -253
DEBUG_VM:
add/remove: 1/0 grow/shrink: 0/1 up/down: 124/-214 (-90)
function old new delta
free_pages_check_bad - 124 +124
free_pages_prepare 1112 898 -214
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix whitespace]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Mel Gorman [Fri, 20 May 2016 00:14:15 +0000 (17:14 -0700)]
mm, page_alloc: check multiple page fields with a single branch
Every page allocated or freed is checked for sanity to avoid corruptions
that are difficult to detect later. A bad page could be due to a number
of fields. Instead of using multiple branches, this patch combines
multiple fields into a single branch. A detailed check is only
necessary if that check fails.
4.6.0-rc2 4.6.0-rc2
initonce-v1r20 multcheck-v1r20
Min alloc-odr0-1 359.00 ( 0.00%) 348.00 ( 3.06%)
Min alloc-odr0-2 260.00 ( 0.00%) 254.00 ( 2.31%)
Min alloc-odr0-4 214.00 ( 0.00%) 213.00 ( 0.47%)
Min alloc-odr0-8 186.00 ( 0.00%) 186.00 ( 0.00%)
Min alloc-odr0-16 173.00 ( 0.00%) 173.00 ( 0.00%)
Min alloc-odr0-32 165.00 ( 0.00%) 166.00 ( -0.61%)
Min alloc-odr0-64 162.00 ( 0.00%) 162.00 ( 0.00%)
Min alloc-odr0-128 161.00 ( 0.00%) 160.00 ( 0.62%)
Min alloc-odr0-256 170.00 ( 0.00%) 169.00 ( 0.59%)
Min alloc-odr0-512 181.00 ( 0.00%) 180.00 ( 0.55%)
Min alloc-odr0-1024 190.00 ( 0.00%) 188.00 ( 1.05%)
Min alloc-odr0-2048 196.00 ( 0.00%) 194.00 ( 1.02%)
Min alloc-odr0-4096 202.00 ( 0.00%) 199.00 ( 1.49%)
Min alloc-odr0-8192 205.00 ( 0.00%) 202.00 ( 1.46%)
Min alloc-odr0-16384 205.00 ( 0.00%) 203.00 ( 0.98%)
Again, the benefit is marginal but avoiding excessive branches is
important. Ideally the paths would not have to check these conditions
at all but regrettably abandoning the tests would make use-after-free
bugs much harder to detect.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Mel Gorman [Fri, 20 May 2016 00:14:13 +0000 (17:14 -0700)]
mm, page_alloc: remove field from alloc_context
The classzone_idx can be inferred from preferred_zoneref so remove the
unnecessary field and save stack space.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Mel Gorman [Fri, 20 May 2016 00:14:10 +0000 (17:14 -0700)]
mm, page_alloc: avoid looking up the first zone in a zonelist twice
The allocator fast path looks up the first usable zone in a zonelist and
then get_page_from_freelist does the same job in the zonelist iterator.
This patch preserves the necessary information.
4.6.0-rc2 4.6.0-rc2
fastmark-v1r20 initonce-v1r20
Min alloc-odr0-1 364.00 ( 0.00%) 359.00 ( 1.37%)
Min alloc-odr0-2 262.00 ( 0.00%) 260.00 ( 0.76%)
Min alloc-odr0-4 214.00 ( 0.00%) 214.00 ( 0.00%)
Min alloc-odr0-8 186.00 ( 0.00%) 186.00 ( 0.00%)
Min alloc-odr0-16 173.00 ( 0.00%) 173.00 ( 0.00%)
Min alloc-odr0-32 165.00 ( 0.00%) 165.00 ( 0.00%)
Min alloc-odr0-64 161.00 ( 0.00%) 162.00 ( -0.62%)
Min alloc-odr0-128 159.00 ( 0.00%) 161.00 ( -1.26%)
Min alloc-odr0-256 168.00 ( 0.00%) 170.00 ( -1.19%)
Min alloc-odr0-512 180.00 ( 0.00%) 181.00 ( -0.56%)
Min alloc-odr0-1024 190.00 ( 0.00%) 190.00 ( 0.00%)
Min alloc-odr0-2048 196.00 ( 0.00%) 196.00 ( 0.00%)
Min alloc-odr0-4096 202.00 ( 0.00%) 202.00 ( 0.00%)
Min alloc-odr0-8192 206.00 ( 0.00%) 205.00 ( 0.49%)
Min alloc-odr0-16384 206.00 ( 0.00%) 205.00 ( 0.49%)
The benefit is negligible and the results are within the noise but each
cycle counts.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Mel Gorman [Fri, 20 May 2016 00:14:07 +0000 (17:14 -0700)]
mm, page_alloc: shortcut watermark checks for order-0 pages
Watermarks have to be checked on every allocation including the number
of pages being allocated and whether reserves can be accessed. The
reserves only matter if memory is limited and the free_pages adjustment
only applies to high-order pages. This patch adds a shortcut for
order-0 pages that avoids numerous calculations if there is plenty of
free memory yielding the following performance difference in a page
allocator microbenchmark;
4.6.0-rc2 4.6.0-rc2
optfair-v1r20 fastmark-v1r20
Min alloc-odr0-1 380.00 ( 0.00%) 364.00 ( 4.21%)
Min alloc-odr0-2 273.00 ( 0.00%) 262.00 ( 4.03%)
Min alloc-odr0-4 227.00 ( 0.00%) 214.00 ( 5.73%)
Min alloc-odr0-8 196.00 ( 0.00%) 186.00 ( 5.10%)
Min alloc-odr0-16 183.00 ( 0.00%) 173.00 ( 5.46%)
Min alloc-odr0-32 173.00 ( 0.00%) 165.00 ( 4.62%)
Min alloc-odr0-64 169.00 ( 0.00%) 161.00 ( 4.73%)
Min alloc-odr0-128 169.00 ( 0.00%) 159.00 ( 5.92%)
Min alloc-odr0-256 180.00 ( 0.00%) 168.00 ( 6.67%)
Min alloc-odr0-512 190.00 ( 0.00%) 180.00 ( 5.26%)
Min alloc-odr0-1024 198.00 ( 0.00%) 190.00 ( 4.04%)
Min alloc-odr0-2048 204.00 ( 0.00%) 196.00 ( 3.92%)
Min alloc-odr0-4096 209.00 ( 0.00%) 202.00 ( 3.35%)
Min alloc-odr0-8192 213.00 ( 0.00%) 206.00 ( 3.29%)
Min alloc-odr0-16384 214.00 ( 0.00%) 206.00 ( 3.74%)
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Mel Gorman [Fri, 20 May 2016 00:14:04 +0000 (17:14 -0700)]
mm, page_alloc: reduce cost of fair zone allocation policy retry
The fair zone allocation policy is not without cost but it can be
reduced slightly. This patch removes an unnecessary local variable,
checks the likely conditions of the fair zone policy first, uses a bool
instead of a flags check and falls through when a remote node is
encountered instead of doing a full restart. The benefit is marginal
but it's there
4.6.0-rc2 4.6.0-rc2
decstat-v1r20 optfair-v1r20
Min alloc-odr0-1 377.00 ( 0.00%) 380.00 ( -0.80%)
Min alloc-odr0-2 273.00 ( 0.00%) 273.00 ( 0.00%)
Min alloc-odr0-4 226.00 ( 0.00%) 227.00 ( -0.44%)
Min alloc-odr0-8 196.00 ( 0.00%) 196.00 ( 0.00%)
Min alloc-odr0-16 183.00 ( 0.00%) 183.00 ( 0.00%)
Min alloc-odr0-32 175.00 ( 0.00%) 173.00 ( 1.14%)
Min alloc-odr0-64 172.00 ( 0.00%) 169.00 ( 1.74%)
Min alloc-odr0-128 170.00 ( 0.00%) 169.00 ( 0.59%)
Min alloc-odr0-256 183.00 ( 0.00%) 180.00 ( 1.64%)
Min alloc-odr0-512 191.00 ( 0.00%) 190.00 ( 0.52%)
Min alloc-odr0-1024 199.00 ( 0.00%) 198.00 ( 0.50%)
Min alloc-odr0-2048 204.00 ( 0.00%) 204.00 ( 0.00%)
Min alloc-odr0-4096 210.00 ( 0.00%) 209.00 ( 0.48%)
Min alloc-odr0-8192 213.00 ( 0.00%) 213.00 ( 0.00%)
Min alloc-odr0-16384 214.00 ( 0.00%) 214.00 ( 0.00%)
The benefit is marginal at best but one of the most important benefits,
avoiding a second search when falling back to another node is not
triggered by this particular test so the benefit for some corner cases
is understated.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Mel Gorman [Fri, 20 May 2016 00:14:01 +0000 (17:14 -0700)]
mm, page_alloc: shorten the page allocator fast path
The page allocator fast path checks page multiple times unnecessarily.
This patch avoids all the slowpath checks if the first allocation
attempt succeeds.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Mel Gorman [Fri, 20 May 2016 00:13:58 +0000 (17:13 -0700)]
mm, page_alloc: check once if a zone has isolated pageblocks
When bulk freeing pages from the per-cpu lists the zone is checked for
isolated pageblocks on every release. This patch checks it once per
drain.
[mgorman@techsingularity.net: fix locking radce, per Vlastimil]
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Mel Gorman [Fri, 20 May 2016 00:13:56 +0000 (17:13 -0700)]
mm, page_alloc: move __GFP_HARDWALL modifications out of the fastpath
__GFP_HARDWALL only has meaning in the context of cpusets but the fast
path always applies the flag on the first attempt. Move the
manipulations into the cpuset paths where they will be masked by a
static branch in the common case.
With the other micro-optimisations in this series combined, the impact
on a page allocator microbenchmark is
4.6.0-rc2 4.6.0-rc2
decstat-v1r20 micro-v1r20
Min alloc-odr0-1 381.00 ( 0.00%) 377.00 ( 1.05%)
Min alloc-odr0-2 275.00 ( 0.00%) 273.00 ( 0.73%)
Min alloc-odr0-4 229.00 ( 0.00%) 226.00 ( 1.31%)
Min alloc-odr0-8 199.00 ( 0.00%) 196.00 ( 1.51%)
Min alloc-odr0-16 186.00 ( 0.00%) 183.00 ( 1.61%)
Min alloc-odr0-32 179.00 ( 0.00%) 175.00 ( 2.23%)
Min alloc-odr0-64 174.00 ( 0.00%) 172.00 ( 1.15%)
Min alloc-odr0-128 172.00 ( 0.00%) 170.00 ( 1.16%)
Min alloc-odr0-256 181.00 ( 0.00%) 183.00 ( -1.10%)
Min alloc-odr0-512 193.00 ( 0.00%) 191.00 ( 1.04%)
Min alloc-odr0-1024 201.00 ( 0.00%) 199.00 ( 1.00%)
Min alloc-odr0-2048 206.00 ( 0.00%) 204.00 ( 0.97%)
Min alloc-odr0-4096 212.00 ( 0.00%) 210.00 ( 0.94%)
Min alloc-odr0-8192 215.00 ( 0.00%) 213.00 ( 0.93%)
Min alloc-odr0-16384 216.00 ( 0.00%) 214.00 ( 0.93%)
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Mel Gorman [Fri, 20 May 2016 00:13:53 +0000 (17:13 -0700)]
mm, page_alloc: simplify last cpupid reset
The current reset unnecessarily clears flags and makes pointless
calculations.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Mel Gorman [Fri, 20 May 2016 00:13:50 +0000 (17:13 -0700)]
mm, page_alloc: remove unnecessary initialisation from __alloc_pages_nodemask()
page is guaranteed to be set before it is read with or without the
initialisation.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix warning]
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Mel Gorman [Fri, 20 May 2016 00:13:47 +0000 (17:13 -0700)]
mm, page_alloc: remove unnecessary initialisation in get_page_from_freelist
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Mel Gorman [Fri, 20 May 2016 00:13:44 +0000 (17:13 -0700)]
mm, page_alloc: remove unnecessary local variable in get_page_from_freelist
zonelist here is a copy of a struct field that is used once. Ditch it.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Mel Gorman [Fri, 20 May 2016 00:13:41 +0000 (17:13 -0700)]
mm, page_alloc: convert nr_fair_skipped to bool
The number of zones skipped to a zone expiring its fair zone allocation
quota is irrelevant. Convert to bool.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Mel Gorman [Fri, 20 May 2016 00:13:38 +0000 (17:13 -0700)]
mm, page_alloc: convert alloc_flags to unsigned
alloc_flags is a bitmask of flags but it is signed which does not
necessarily generate the best code depending on the compiler. Even
without an impact, it makes more sense that this be unsigned.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Mel Gorman [Fri, 20 May 2016 00:13:36 +0000 (17:13 -0700)]
mm, page_alloc: avoid unnecessary zone lookups during pageblock operations
Pageblocks have an associated bitmap to store migrate types and whether
the pageblock should be skipped during compaction. The bitmap may be
associated with a memory section or a zone but the zone is looked up
unconditionally. The compiler should optimise this away automatically
so this is a cosmetic patch only in many cases.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Mel Gorman [Fri, 20 May 2016 00:13:33 +0000 (17:13 -0700)]
mm, page_alloc: use __dec_zone_state for order-0 page allocation
__dec_zone_state is cheaper to use for removing an order-0 page as it
has fewer conditions to check.
The performance difference on a page allocator microbenchmark is;
4.6.0-rc2 4.6.0-rc2
optiter-v1r20 decstat-v1r20
Min alloc-odr0-1 382.00 ( 0.00%) 381.00 ( 0.26%)
Min alloc-odr0-2 282.00 ( 0.00%) 275.00 ( 2.48%)
Min alloc-odr0-4 233.00 ( 0.00%) 229.00 ( 1.72%)
Min alloc-odr0-8 203.00 ( 0.00%) 199.00 ( 1.97%)
Min alloc-odr0-16 188.00 ( 0.00%) 186.00 ( 1.06%)
Min alloc-odr0-32 182.00 ( 0.00%) 179.00 ( 1.65%)
Min alloc-odr0-64 177.00 ( 0.00%) 174.00 ( 1.69%)
Min alloc-odr0-128 175.00 ( 0.00%) 172.00 ( 1.71%)
Min alloc-odr0-256 184.00 ( 0.00%) 181.00 ( 1.63%)
Min alloc-odr0-512 197.00 ( 0.00%) 193.00 ( 2.03%)
Min alloc-odr0-1024 203.00 ( 0.00%) 201.00 ( 0.99%)
Min alloc-odr0-2048 209.00 ( 0.00%) 206.00 ( 1.44%)
Min alloc-odr0-4096 214.00 ( 0.00%) 212.00 ( 0.93%)
Min alloc-odr0-8192 218.00 ( 0.00%) 215.00 ( 1.38%)
Min alloc-odr0-16384 219.00 ( 0.00%) 216.00 ( 1.37%)
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Mel Gorman [Fri, 20 May 2016 00:13:30 +0000 (17:13 -0700)]
mm, page_alloc: inline the fast path of the zonelist iterator
The page allocator iterates through a zonelist for zones that match the
addressing limitations and nodemask of the caller but many allocations
will not be restricted. Despite this, there is always functional call
overhead which builds up.
This patch inlines the optimistic basic case and only calls the iterator
function for the complex case. A hindrance was the fact that
cpuset_current_mems_allowed is used in the fastpath as the allowed
nodemask even though all nodes are allowed on most systems. The patch
handles this by only considering cpuset_current_mems_allowed if a cpuset
exists. As well as being faster in the fast-path, this removes some
junk in the slowpath.
The performance difference on a page allocator microbenchmark is;
4.6.0-rc2 4.6.0-rc2
statinline-v1r20 optiter-v1r20
Min alloc-odr0-1 412.00 ( 0.00%) 382.00 ( 7.28%)
Min alloc-odr0-2 301.00 ( 0.00%) 282.00 ( 6.31%)
Min alloc-odr0-4 247.00 ( 0.00%) 233.00 ( 5.67%)
Min alloc-odr0-8 215.00 ( 0.00%) 203.00 ( 5.58%)
Min alloc-odr0-16 199.00 ( 0.00%) 188.00 ( 5.53%)
Min alloc-odr0-32 191.00 ( 0.00%) 182.00 ( 4.71%)
Min alloc-odr0-64 187.00 ( 0.00%) 177.00 ( 5.35%)
Min alloc-odr0-128 185.00 ( 0.00%) 175.00 ( 5.41%)
Min alloc-odr0-256 193.00 ( 0.00%) 184.00 ( 4.66%)
Min alloc-odr0-512 207.00 ( 0.00%) 197.00 ( 4.83%)
Min alloc-odr0-1024 213.00 ( 0.00%) 203.00 ( 4.69%)
Min alloc-odr0-2048 220.00 ( 0.00%) 209.00 ( 5.00%)
Min alloc-odr0-4096 226.00 ( 0.00%) 214.00 ( 5.31%)
Min alloc-odr0-8192 229.00 ( 0.00%) 218.00 ( 4.80%)
Min alloc-odr0-16384 229.00 ( 0.00%) 219.00 ( 4.37%)
perf indicated that next_zones_zonelist disappeared in the profile and
__next_zones_zonelist did not appear. This is expected as the
micro-benchmark would hit the inlined fast-path every time.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Mel Gorman [Fri, 20 May 2016 00:13:27 +0000 (17:13 -0700)]
mm, page_alloc: inline zone_statistics
zone_statistics has one call-site but it's a public function. Make it
static and inline.
The performance difference on a page allocator microbenchmark is;
4.6.0-rc2 4.6.0-rc2
statbranch-v1r20 statinline-v1r20
Min alloc-odr0-1 419.00 ( 0.00%) 412.00 ( 1.67%)
Min alloc-odr0-2 305.00 ( 0.00%) 301.00 ( 1.31%)
Min alloc-odr0-4 250.00 ( 0.00%) 247.00 ( 1.20%)
Min alloc-odr0-8 219.00 ( 0.00%) 215.00 ( 1.83%)
Min alloc-odr0-16 203.00 ( 0.00%) 199.00 ( 1.97%)
Min alloc-odr0-32 195.00 ( 0.00%) 191.00 ( 2.05%)
Min alloc-odr0-64 191.00 ( 0.00%) 187.00 ( 2.09%)
Min alloc-odr0-128 189.00 ( 0.00%) 185.00 ( 2.12%)
Min alloc-odr0-256 198.00 ( 0.00%) 193.00 ( 2.53%)
Min alloc-odr0-512 210.00 ( 0.00%) 207.00 ( 1.43%)
Min alloc-odr0-1024 216.00 ( 0.00%) 213.00 ( 1.39%)
Min alloc-odr0-2048 221.00 ( 0.00%) 220.00 ( 0.45%)
Min alloc-odr0-4096 227.00 ( 0.00%) 226.00 ( 0.44%)
Min alloc-odr0-8192 232.00 ( 0.00%) 229.00 ( 1.29%)
Min alloc-odr0-16384 232.00 ( 0.00%) 229.00 ( 1.29%)
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Mel Gorman [Fri, 20 May 2016 00:13:24 +0000 (17:13 -0700)]
mm, page_alloc: reduce branches in zone_statistics
zone_statistics has more branches than it really needs to take an
unlikely GFP flag into account. Reduce the number and annotate the
unlikely flag.
The performance difference on a page allocator microbenchmark is;
4.6.0-rc2 4.6.0-rc2
nocompound-v1r10 statbranch-v1r10
Min alloc-odr0-1 417.00 ( 0.00%) 419.00 ( -0.48%)
Min alloc-odr0-2 308.00 ( 0.00%) 305.00 ( 0.97%)
Min alloc-odr0-4 253.00 ( 0.00%) 250.00 ( 1.19%)
Min alloc-odr0-8 221.00 ( 0.00%) 219.00 ( 0.90%)
Min alloc-odr0-16 205.00 ( 0.00%) 203.00 ( 0.98%)
Min alloc-odr0-32 199.00 ( 0.00%) 195.00 ( 2.01%)
Min alloc-odr0-64 193.00 ( 0.00%) 191.00 ( 1.04%)
Min alloc-odr0-128 191.00 ( 0.00%) 189.00 ( 1.05%)
Min alloc-odr0-256 200.00 ( 0.00%) 198.00 ( 1.00%)
Min alloc-odr0-512 212.00 ( 0.00%) 210.00 ( 0.94%)
Min alloc-odr0-1024 219.00 ( 0.00%) 216.00 ( 1.37%)
Min alloc-odr0-2048 225.00 ( 0.00%) 221.00 ( 1.78%)
Min alloc-odr0-4096 231.00 ( 0.00%) 227.00 ( 1.73%)
Min alloc-odr0-8192 234.00 ( 0.00%) 232.00 ( 0.85%)
Min alloc-odr0-16384 234.00 ( 0.00%) 232.00 ( 0.85%)
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
projects / linux-2.6-microblaze.git / log