printk: add console_msg_format command line option

printk: add console_msg_format command line option

0day and kernelCI automatically parse kernel log - basically some sort
of grepping using the pre-defined text patterns - in order to detect
and report regressions/errors. There are several sources they get the
kernel logs from:

a) dmesg or /proc/ksmg

   This is the preferred way. Because `dmesg --raw' (see later Note)
   and /proc/kmsg output contains facility and log level, which greatly
   simplifies grepping for EMERG/ALERT/CRIT/ERR messages.

b) serial consoles

   This option is harder to maintain, because serial console messages
   don't contain facility and log level.

This patch introduces a `console_msg_format=' command line option,
to switch between different message formatting on serial consoles.
For the time being we have just two options - default and syslog.
The "default" option just keeps the existing format. While the
"syslog" option makes serial console messages to appear in syslog
format [syslog() syscall], matching the `dmesg -S --raw' and
`cat /proc/kmsg' output formats:

- facility and log level
- time stamp (depends on printk_time/PRINTK_TIME)
- message

	<%u>[time stamp] text\n

NOTE: while Kevin and Fengguang talk about "dmesg --raw", it's actually
"dmesg -S --raw" that always prints messages in syslog format [per
Petr Mladek]. Running "dmesg --raw" may produce output in non-syslog
format sometimes. console_msg_format=syslog enables syslog format,
thus in documentation we mention "dmesg -S --raw", not "dmesg --raw".

Per Kevin Hilman:

: Right now we can get this info from a "dmesg --raw" after bootup,
: but it would be really nice in certain automation frameworks to
: have a kernel command-line option to enable printing of loglevels
: in default boot log.
:
: This is especially useful when ingesting kernel logs into advanced
: search/analytics frameworks (I'm playing with and ELK stack: Elastic
: Search, Logstash, Kibana).
:
: The other important reason for having this on the command line is that
: for testing linux-next (and other bleeding edge developer branches),
: it's common that we never make it to userspace, so can't even run
: "dmesg --raw" (or equivalent.)  So we really want this on the primary
: boot (serial) console.

Per Fengguang Wu, 0day scripts should quickly benefit from that
feature, because they will be able to switch to a more reliable
parsing, based on messages' facility and log levels [1]:

`#{grep} -a -E -e '^<[0123]>' -e '^kern  :(err   |crit  |alert |emerg )'

instead of doing text pattern matching

`#{grep} -a -F -f /lkp/printk-error-messages #{kmsg_file} |
      grep -a -v -E -f #{LKP_SRC}/etc/oops-pattern |
      grep -a -v -F -f #{LKP_SRC}/etc/kmsg-blacklist`

[1] https://github.com/fengguang/lkp-tests/blob/master/lib/dmesg.rb

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171221054149.4398-1-sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com
To: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Kevin Hilman <khilman@baylibre.com>
Cc: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: LKML <linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Kevin Hilman <khilman@baylibre.com>
Tested-by: Kevin Hilman <khilman@baylibre.com>
Signed-off-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>