bcachefs: Add error path to btree_split()

bcachefs: Add error path to btree_split()

The next patch in the series is (finally!) going to change btree splits
(and interior updates in general) to not take intent locks all the way
up to the root - instead only locking the nodes they'll need to modify.

However, this will be introducing a race since if we're not holding a
write lock on a btree node it can be written out by another thread, and
then we might not have enough space for a new bset entry.

We can handle this by retrying - we just need to introduce a new error
path.

Signed-off-by: Kent Overstreet <kent.overstreet@linux.dev>