tools/perf/util/stat-shadow.c

   1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
   2 #include <stdio.h>
   3 #include "evsel.h"
   4 #include "stat.h"
   5 #include "color.h"
   6 #include "pmu.h"
   7 #include "rblist.h"
   8 #include "evlist.h"
   9 #include "expr.h"
  10 #include "metricgroup.h"
  11 #include <linux/zalloc.h>
  12
  13 /*
  14  * AGGR_GLOBAL: Use CPU 0
  15  * AGGR_SOCKET: Use first CPU of socket
  16  * AGGR_DIE: Use first CPU of die
  17  * AGGR_CORE: Use first CPU of core
  18  * AGGR_NONE: Use matching CPU
  19  * AGGR_THREAD: Not supported?
  20  */
  21
  22 struct runtime_stat rt_stat;
  23 struct stats walltime_nsecs_stats;
  24
  25 struct saved_value {
  26         struct rb_node rb_node;
  27         struct evsel *evsel;
  28         enum stat_type type;
  29         int ctx;
  30         int cpu;
  31         struct runtime_stat *stat;
  32         struct stats stats;
  33         u64 metric_total;
  34         int metric_other;
  35 };
  36
  37 static int saved_value_cmp(struct rb_node *rb_node, const void *entry)
  38 {
  39         struct saved_value *a = container_of(rb_node,
  40                                              struct saved_value,
  41                                              rb_node);
  42         const struct saved_value *b = entry;
  43
  44         if (a->cpu != b->cpu)
  45                 return a->cpu - b->cpu;
  46
  47         /*
  48          * Previously the rbtree was used to link generic metrics.
  49          * The keys were evsel/cpu. Now the rbtree is extended to support
  50          * per-thread shadow stats. For shadow stats case, the keys
  51          * are cpu/type/ctx/stat (evsel is NULL). For generic metrics
  52          * case, the keys are still evsel/cpu (type/ctx/stat are 0 or NULL).
  53          */
  54         if (a->type != b->type)
  55                 return a->type - b->type;
  56
  57         if (a->ctx != b->ctx)
  58                 return a->ctx - b->ctx;
  59
  60         if (a->evsel == NULL && b->evsel == NULL) {
  61                 if (a->stat == b->stat)
  62                         return 0;
  63
  64                 if ((char *)a->stat < (char *)b->stat)
  65                         return -1;
  66
  67                 return 1;
  68         }
  69
  70         if (a->evsel == b->evsel)
  71                 return 0;
  72         if ((char *)a->evsel < (char *)b->evsel)
  73                 return -1;
  74         return +1;
  75 }
  76
  77 static struct rb_node *saved_value_new(struct rblist *rblist __maybe_unused,
  78                                      const void *entry)
  79 {
  80         struct saved_value *nd = malloc(sizeof(struct saved_value));
  81
  82         if (!nd)
  83                 return NULL;
  84         memcpy(nd, entry, sizeof(struct saved_value));
  85         return &nd->rb_node;
  86 }
  87
  88 static void saved_value_delete(struct rblist *rblist __maybe_unused,
  89                                struct rb_node *rb_node)
  90 {
  91         struct saved_value *v;
  92
  93         BUG_ON(!rb_node);
  94         v = container_of(rb_node, struct saved_value, rb_node);
  95         free(v);
  96 }
  97
  98 static struct saved_value *saved_value_lookup(struct evsel *evsel,
  99                                               int cpu,
 100                                               bool create,
 101                                               enum stat_type type,
 102                                               int ctx,
 103                                               struct runtime_stat *st)
 104 {
 105         struct rblist *rblist;
 106         struct rb_node *nd;
 107         struct saved_value dm = {
 108                 .cpu = cpu,
 109                 .evsel = evsel,
 110                 .type = type,
 111                 .ctx = ctx,
 112                 .stat = st,
 113         };
 114
 115         rblist = &st->value_list;
 116
 117         nd = rblist__find(rblist, &dm);
 118         if (nd)
 119                 return container_of(nd, struct saved_value, rb_node);
 120         if (create) {
 121                 rblist__add_node(rblist, &dm);
 122                 nd = rblist__find(rblist, &dm);
 123                 if (nd)
 124                         return container_of(nd, struct saved_value, rb_node);
 125         }
 126         return NULL;
 127 }
 128
 129 void runtime_stat__init(struct runtime_stat *st)
 130 {
 131         struct rblist *rblist = &st->value_list;
 132
 133         rblist__init(rblist);
 134         rblist->node_cmp = saved_value_cmp;
 135         rblist->node_new = saved_value_new;
 136         rblist->node_delete = saved_value_delete;
 137 }
 138
 139 void runtime_stat__exit(struct runtime_stat *st)
 140 {
 141         rblist__exit(&st->value_list);
 142 }
 143
 144 void perf_stat__init_shadow_stats(void)
 145 {
 146         runtime_stat__init(&rt_stat);
 147 }
 148
 149 static int evsel_context(struct evsel *evsel)
 150 {
 151         int ctx = 0;
 152
 153         if (evsel->core.attr.exclude_kernel)
 154                 ctx |= CTX_BIT_KERNEL;
 155         if (evsel->core.attr.exclude_user)
 156                 ctx |= CTX_BIT_USER;
 157         if (evsel->core.attr.exclude_hv)
 158                 ctx |= CTX_BIT_HV;
 159         if (evsel->core.attr.exclude_host)
 160                 ctx |= CTX_BIT_HOST;
 161         if (evsel->core.attr.exclude_idle)
 162                 ctx |= CTX_BIT_IDLE;
 163
 164         return ctx;
 165 }
 166
 167 static void reset_stat(struct runtime_stat *st)
 168 {
 169         struct rblist *rblist;
 170         struct rb_node *pos, *next;
 171
 172         rblist = &st->value_list;
 173         next = rb_first_cached(&rblist->entries);
 174         while (next) {
 175                 pos = next;
 176                 next = rb_next(pos);
 177                 memset(&container_of(pos, struct saved_value, rb_node)->stats,
 178                        0,
 179                        sizeof(struct stats));
 180         }
 181 }
 182
 183 void perf_stat__reset_shadow_stats(void)
 184 {
 185         reset_stat(&rt_stat);
 186         memset(&walltime_nsecs_stats, 0, sizeof(walltime_nsecs_stats));
 187 }
 188
 189 void perf_stat__reset_shadow_per_stat(struct runtime_stat *st)
 190 {
 191         reset_stat(st);
 192 }
 193
 194 static void update_runtime_stat(struct runtime_stat *st,
 195                                 enum stat_type type,
 196                                 int ctx, int cpu, u64 count)
 197 {
 198         struct saved_value *v = saved_value_lookup(NULL, cpu, true,
 199                                                    type, ctx, st);
 200
 201         if (v)
 202                 update_stats(&v->stats, count);
 203 }
 204
 205 /*
 206  * Update various tracking values we maintain to print
 207  * more semantic information such as miss/hit ratios,
 208  * instruction rates, etc:
 209  */
 210 void perf_stat__update_shadow_stats(struct evsel *counter, u64 count,
 211                                     int cpu, struct runtime_stat *st)
 212 {
 213         int ctx = evsel_context(counter);
 214         u64 count_ns = count;
 215         struct saved_value *v;
 216
 217         count *= counter->scale;
 218
 219         if (evsel__is_clock(counter))
 220                 update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_NSECS, 0, cpu, count_ns);
 221         else if (evsel__match(counter, HARDWARE, HW_CPU_CYCLES))
 222                 update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_CYCLES, ctx, cpu, count);
 223         else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, CYCLES_IN_TX))
 224                 update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_CYCLES_IN_TX, ctx, cpu, count);
 225         else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, TRANSACTION_START))
 226                 update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_TRANSACTION, ctx, cpu, count);
 227         else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, ELISION_START))
 228                 update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_ELISION, ctx, cpu, count);
 229         else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, TOPDOWN_TOTAL_SLOTS))
 230                 update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_TOTAL_SLOTS,
 231                                     ctx, cpu, count);
 232         else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, TOPDOWN_SLOTS_ISSUED))
 233                 update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_SLOTS_ISSUED,
 234                                     ctx, cpu, count);
 235         else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, TOPDOWN_SLOTS_RETIRED))
 236                 update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_SLOTS_RETIRED,
 237                                     ctx, cpu, count);
 238         else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, TOPDOWN_FETCH_BUBBLES))
 239                 update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_FETCH_BUBBLES,
 240                                     ctx, cpu, count);
 241         else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, TOPDOWN_RECOVERY_BUBBLES))
 242                 update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_RECOVERY_BUBBLES,
 243                                     ctx, cpu, count);
 244         else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, TOPDOWN_RETIRING))
 245                 update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_RETIRING,
 246                                     ctx, cpu, count);
 247         else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, TOPDOWN_BAD_SPEC))
 248                 update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_BAD_SPEC,
 249                                     ctx, cpu, count);
 250         else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, TOPDOWN_FE_BOUND))
 251                 update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_FE_BOUND,
 252                                     ctx, cpu, count);
 253         else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, TOPDOWN_BE_BOUND))
 254                 update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_BE_BOUND,
 255                                     ctx, cpu, count);
 256         else if (evsel__match(counter, HARDWARE, HW_STALLED_CYCLES_FRONTEND))
 257                 update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_STALLED_CYCLES_FRONT,
 258                                     ctx, cpu, count);
 259         else if (evsel__match(counter, HARDWARE, HW_STALLED_CYCLES_BACKEND))
 260                 update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_STALLED_CYCLES_BACK,
 261                                     ctx, cpu, count);
 262         else if (evsel__match(counter, HARDWARE, HW_BRANCH_INSTRUCTIONS))
 263                 update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_BRANCHES, ctx, cpu, count);
 264         else if (evsel__match(counter, HARDWARE, HW_CACHE_REFERENCES))
 265                 update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_CACHEREFS, ctx, cpu, count);
 266         else if (evsel__match(counter, HW_CACHE, HW_CACHE_L1D))
 267                 update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_L1_DCACHE, ctx, cpu, count);
 268         else if (evsel__match(counter, HW_CACHE, HW_CACHE_L1I))
 269                 update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_L1_ICACHE, ctx, cpu, count);
 270         else if (evsel__match(counter, HW_CACHE, HW_CACHE_LL))
 271                 update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_LL_CACHE, ctx, cpu, count);
 272         else if (evsel__match(counter, HW_CACHE, HW_CACHE_DTLB))
 273                 update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_DTLB_CACHE, ctx, cpu, count);
 274         else if (evsel__match(counter, HW_CACHE, HW_CACHE_ITLB))
 275                 update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_ITLB_CACHE, ctx, cpu, count);
 276         else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, SMI_NUM))
 277                 update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_SMI_NUM, ctx, cpu, count);
 278         else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, APERF))
 279                 update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_APERF, ctx, cpu, count);
 280
 281         if (counter->collect_stat) {
 282                 v = saved_value_lookup(counter, cpu, true, STAT_NONE, 0, st);
 283                 update_stats(&v->stats, count);
 284                 if (counter->metric_leader)
 285                         v->metric_total += count;
 286         } else if (counter->metric_leader) {
 287                 v = saved_value_lookup(counter->metric_leader,
 288                                        cpu, true, STAT_NONE, 0, st);
 289                 v->metric_total += count;
 290                 v->metric_other++;
 291         }
 292 }
 293
 294 /* used for get_ratio_color() */
 295 enum grc_type {
 296         GRC_STALLED_CYCLES_FE,
 297         GRC_STALLED_CYCLES_BE,
 298         GRC_CACHE_MISSES,
 299         GRC_MAX_NR
 300 };
 301
 302 static const char *get_ratio_color(enum grc_type type, double ratio)
 303 {
 304         static const double grc_table[GRC_MAX_NR][3] = {
 305                 [GRC_STALLED_CYCLES_FE] = { 50.0, 30.0, 10.0 },
 306                 [GRC_STALLED_CYCLES_BE] = { 75.0, 50.0, 20.0 },
 307                 [GRC_CACHE_MISSES]      = { 20.0, 10.0, 5.0 },
 308         };
 309         const char *color = PERF_COLOR_NORMAL;
 310
 311         if (ratio > grc_table[type][0])
 312                 color = PERF_COLOR_RED;
 313         else if (ratio > grc_table[type][1])
 314                 color = PERF_COLOR_MAGENTA;
 315         else if (ratio > grc_table[type][2])
 316                 color = PERF_COLOR_YELLOW;
 317
 318         return color;
 319 }
 320
 321 static struct evsel *perf_stat__find_event(struct evlist *evsel_list,
 322                                                 const char *name)
 323 {
 324         struct evsel *c2;
 325
 326         evlist__for_each_entry (evsel_list, c2) {
 327                 if (!strcasecmp(c2->name, name) && !c2->collect_stat)
 328                         return c2;
 329         }
 330         return NULL;
 331 }
 332
 333 /* Mark MetricExpr target events and link events using them to them. */
 334 void perf_stat__collect_metric_expr(struct evlist *evsel_list)
 335 {
 336         struct evsel *counter, *leader, **metric_events, *oc;
 337         bool found;
 338         struct expr_parse_ctx ctx;
 339         struct hashmap_entry *cur;
 340         size_t bkt;
 341         int i;
 342
 343         expr__ctx_init(&ctx);
 344         evlist__for_each_entry(evsel_list, counter) {
 345                 bool invalid = false;
 346
 347                 leader = counter->leader;
 348                 if (!counter->metric_expr)
 349                         continue;
 350
 351                 expr__ctx_clear(&ctx);
 352                 metric_events = counter->metric_events;
 353                 if (!metric_events) {
 354                         if (expr__find_other(counter->metric_expr,
 355                                              counter->name,
 356                                              &ctx, 1) < 0)
 357                                 continue;
 358
 359                         metric_events = calloc(sizeof(struct evsel *),
 360                                                hashmap__size(&ctx.ids) + 1);
 361                         if (!metric_events) {
 362                                 expr__ctx_clear(&ctx);
 363                                 return;
 364                         }
 365                         counter->metric_events = metric_events;
 366                 }
 367
 368                 i = 0;
 369                 hashmap__for_each_entry((&ctx.ids), cur, bkt) {
 370                         const char *metric_name = (const char *)cur->key;
 371
 372                         found = false;
 373                         if (leader) {
 374                                 /* Search in group */
 375                                 for_each_group_member (oc, leader) {
 376                                         if (!strcasecmp(oc->name,
 377                                                         metric_name) &&
 378                                                 !oc->collect_stat) {
 379                                                 found = true;
 380                                                 break;
 381                                         }
 382                                 }
 383                         }
 384                         if (!found) {
 385                                 /* Search ignoring groups */
 386                                 oc = perf_stat__find_event(evsel_list,
 387                                                            metric_name);
 388                         }
 389                         if (!oc) {
 390                                 /* Deduping one is good enough to handle duplicated PMUs. */
 391                                 static char *printed;
 392
 393                                 /*
 394                                  * Adding events automatically would be difficult, because
 395                                  * it would risk creating groups that are not schedulable.
 396                                  * perf stat doesn't understand all the scheduling constraints
 397                                  * of events. So we ask the user instead to add the missing
 398                                  * events.
 399                                  */
 400                                 if (!printed ||
 401                                     strcasecmp(printed, metric_name)) {
 402                                         fprintf(stderr,
 403                                                 "Add %s event to groups to get metric expression for %s\n",
 404                                                 metric_name,
 405                                                 counter->name);
 406                                         printed = strdup(metric_name);
 407                                 }
 408                                 invalid = true;
 409                                 continue;
 410                         }
 411                         metric_events[i++] = oc;
 412                         oc->collect_stat = true;
 413                 }
 414                 metric_events[i] = NULL;
 415                 if (invalid) {
 416                         free(metric_events);
 417                         counter->metric_events = NULL;
 418                         counter->metric_expr = NULL;
 419                 }
 420         }
 421         expr__ctx_clear(&ctx);
 422 }
 423
 424 static double runtime_stat_avg(struct runtime_stat *st,
 425                                enum stat_type type, int ctx, int cpu)
 426 {
 427         struct saved_value *v;
 428
 429         v = saved_value_lookup(NULL, cpu, false, type, ctx, st);
 430         if (!v)
 431                 return 0.0;
 432
 433         return avg_stats(&v->stats);
 434 }
 435
 436 static double runtime_stat_n(struct runtime_stat *st,
 437                              enum stat_type type, int ctx, int cpu)
 438 {
 439         struct saved_value *v;
 440
 441         v = saved_value_lookup(NULL, cpu, false, type, ctx, st);
 442         if (!v)
 443                 return 0.0;
 444
 445         return v->stats.n;
 446 }
 447
 448 static void print_stalled_cycles_frontend(struct perf_stat_config *config,
 449                                           int cpu,
 450                                           struct evsel *evsel, double avg,
 451                                           struct perf_stat_output_ctx *out,
 452                                           struct runtime_stat *st)
 453 {
 454         double total, ratio = 0.0;
 455         const char *color;
 456         int ctx = evsel_context(evsel);
 457
 458         total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_CYCLES, ctx, cpu);
 459
 460         if (total)
 461                 ratio = avg / total * 100.0;
 462
 463         color = get_ratio_color(GRC_STALLED_CYCLES_FE, ratio);
 464
 465         if (ratio)
 466                 out->print_metric(config, out->ctx, color, "%7.2f%%", "frontend cycles idle",
 467                                   ratio);
 468         else
 469                 out->print_metric(config, out->ctx, NULL, NULL, "frontend cycles idle", 0);
 470 }
 471
 472 static void print_stalled_cycles_backend(struct perf_stat_config *config,
 473                                          int cpu,
 474                                          struct evsel *evsel, double avg,
 475                                          struct perf_stat_output_ctx *out,
 476                                          struct runtime_stat *st)
 477 {
 478         double total, ratio = 0.0;
 479         const char *color;
 480         int ctx = evsel_context(evsel);
 481
 482         total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_CYCLES, ctx, cpu);
 483
 484         if (total)
 485                 ratio = avg / total * 100.0;
 486
 487         color = get_ratio_color(GRC_STALLED_CYCLES_BE, ratio);
 488
 489         out->print_metric(config, out->ctx, color, "%7.2f%%", "backend cycles idle", ratio);
 490 }
 491
 492 static void print_branch_misses(struct perf_stat_config *config,
 493                                 int cpu,
 494                                 struct evsel *evsel,
 495                                 double avg,
 496                                 struct perf_stat_output_ctx *out,
 497                                 struct runtime_stat *st)
 498 {
 499         double total, ratio = 0.0;
 500         const char *color;
 501         int ctx = evsel_context(evsel);
 502
 503         total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_BRANCHES, ctx, cpu);
 504
 505         if (total)
 506                 ratio = avg / total * 100.0;
 507
 508         color = get_ratio_color(GRC_CACHE_MISSES, ratio);
 509
 510         out->print_metric(config, out->ctx, color, "%7.2f%%", "of all branches", ratio);
 511 }
 512
 513 static void print_l1_dcache_misses(struct perf_stat_config *config,
 514                                    int cpu,
 515                                    struct evsel *evsel,
 516                                    double avg,
 517                                    struct perf_stat_output_ctx *out,
 518                                    struct runtime_stat *st)
 519
 520 {
 521         double total, ratio = 0.0;
 522         const char *color;
 523         int ctx = evsel_context(evsel);
 524
 525         total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_L1_DCACHE, ctx, cpu);
 526
 527         if (total)
 528                 ratio = avg / total * 100.0;
 529
 530         color = get_ratio_color(GRC_CACHE_MISSES, ratio);
 531
 532         out->print_metric(config, out->ctx, color, "%7.2f%%", "of all L1-dcache accesses", ratio);
 533 }
 534
 535 static void print_l1_icache_misses(struct perf_stat_config *config,
 536                                    int cpu,
 537                                    struct evsel *evsel,
 538                                    double avg,
 539                                    struct perf_stat_output_ctx *out,
 540                                    struct runtime_stat *st)
 541
 542 {
 543         double total, ratio = 0.0;
 544         const char *color;
 545         int ctx = evsel_context(evsel);
 546
 547         total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_L1_ICACHE, ctx, cpu);
 548
 549         if (total)
 550                 ratio = avg / total * 100.0;
 551
 552         color = get_ratio_color(GRC_CACHE_MISSES, ratio);
 553         out->print_metric(config, out->ctx, color, "%7.2f%%", "of all L1-icache accesses", ratio);
 554 }
 555
 556 static void print_dtlb_cache_misses(struct perf_stat_config *config,
 557                                     int cpu,
 558                                     struct evsel *evsel,
 559                                     double avg,
 560                                     struct perf_stat_output_ctx *out,
 561                                     struct runtime_stat *st)
 562 {
 563         double total, ratio = 0.0;
 564         const char *color;
 565         int ctx = evsel_context(evsel);
 566
 567         total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_DTLB_CACHE, ctx, cpu);
 568
 569         if (total)
 570                 ratio = avg / total * 100.0;
 571
 572         color = get_ratio_color(GRC_CACHE_MISSES, ratio);
 573         out->print_metric(config, out->ctx, color, "%7.2f%%", "of all dTLB cache accesses", ratio);
 574 }
 575
 576 static void print_itlb_cache_misses(struct perf_stat_config *config,
 577                                     int cpu,
 578                                     struct evsel *evsel,
 579                                     double avg,
 580                                     struct perf_stat_output_ctx *out,
 581                                     struct runtime_stat *st)
 582 {
 583         double total, ratio = 0.0;
 584         const char *color;
 585         int ctx = evsel_context(evsel);
 586
 587         total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_ITLB_CACHE, ctx, cpu);
 588
 589         if (total)
 590                 ratio = avg / total * 100.0;
 591
 592         color = get_ratio_color(GRC_CACHE_MISSES, ratio);
 593         out->print_metric(config, out->ctx, color, "%7.2f%%", "of all iTLB cache accesses", ratio);
 594 }
 595
 596 static void print_ll_cache_misses(struct perf_stat_config *config,
 597                                   int cpu,
 598                                   struct evsel *evsel,
 599                                   double avg,
 600                                   struct perf_stat_output_ctx *out,
 601                                   struct runtime_stat *st)
 602 {
 603         double total, ratio = 0.0;
 604         const char *color;
 605         int ctx = evsel_context(evsel);
 606
 607         total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_LL_CACHE, ctx, cpu);
 608
 609         if (total)
 610                 ratio = avg / total * 100.0;
 611
 612         color = get_ratio_color(GRC_CACHE_MISSES, ratio);
 613         out->print_metric(config, out->ctx, color, "%7.2f%%", "of all LL-cache accesses", ratio);
 614 }
 615
 616 /*
 617  * High level "TopDown" CPU core pipe line bottleneck break down.
 618  *
 619  * Basic concept following
 620  * Yasin, A Top Down Method for Performance analysis and Counter architecture
 621  * ISPASS14
 622  *
 623  * The CPU pipeline is divided into 4 areas that can be bottlenecks:
 624  *
 625  * Frontend -> Backend -> Retiring
 626  * BadSpeculation in addition means out of order execution that is thrown away
 627  * (for example branch mispredictions)
 628  * Frontend is instruction decoding.
 629  * Backend is execution, like computation and accessing data in memory
 630  * Retiring is good execution that is not directly bottlenecked
 631  *
 632  * The formulas are computed in slots.
 633  * A slot is an entry in the pipeline each for the pipeline width
 634  * (for example a 4-wide pipeline has 4 slots for each cycle)
 635  *
 636  * Formulas:
 637  * BadSpeculation = ((SlotsIssued - SlotsRetired) + RecoveryBubbles) /
 638  *                      TotalSlots
 639  * Retiring = SlotsRetired / TotalSlots
 640  * FrontendBound = FetchBubbles / TotalSlots
 641  * BackendBound = 1.0 - BadSpeculation - Retiring - FrontendBound
 642  *
 643  * The kernel provides the mapping to the low level CPU events and any scaling
 644  * needed for the CPU pipeline width, for example:
 645  *
 646  * TotalSlots = Cycles * 4
 647  *
 648  * The scaling factor is communicated in the sysfs unit.
 649  *
 650  * In some cases the CPU may not be able to measure all the formulas due to
 651  * missing events. In this case multiple formulas are combined, as possible.
 652  *
 653  * Full TopDown supports more levels to sub-divide each area: for example
 654  * BackendBound into computing bound and memory bound. For now we only
 655  * support Level 1 TopDown.
 656  */
 657
 658 static double sanitize_val(double x)
 659 {
 660         if (x < 0 && x >= -0.02)
 661                 return 0.0;
 662         return x;
 663 }
 664
 665 static double td_total_slots(int ctx, int cpu, struct runtime_stat *st)
 666 {
 667         return runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_TOTAL_SLOTS, ctx, cpu);
 668 }
 669
 670 static double td_bad_spec(int ctx, int cpu, struct runtime_stat *st)
 671 {
 672         double bad_spec = 0;
 673         double total_slots;
 674         double total;
 675
 676         total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_SLOTS_ISSUED, ctx, cpu) -
 677                 runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_SLOTS_RETIRED, ctx, cpu) +
 678                 runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_RECOVERY_BUBBLES, ctx, cpu);
 679
 680         total_slots = td_total_slots(ctx, cpu, st);
 681         if (total_slots)
 682                 bad_spec = total / total_slots;
 683         return sanitize_val(bad_spec);
 684 }
 685
 686 static double td_retiring(int ctx, int cpu, struct runtime_stat *st)
 687 {
 688         double retiring = 0;
 689         double total_slots = td_total_slots(ctx, cpu, st);
 690         double ret_slots = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_SLOTS_RETIRED,
 691                                             ctx, cpu);
 692
 693         if (total_slots)
 694                 retiring = ret_slots / total_slots;
 695         return retiring;
 696 }
 697
 698 static double td_fe_bound(int ctx, int cpu, struct runtime_stat *st)
 699 {
 700         double fe_bound = 0;
 701         double total_slots = td_total_slots(ctx, cpu, st);
 702         double fetch_bub = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_FETCH_BUBBLES,
 703                                             ctx, cpu);
 704
 705         if (total_slots)
 706                 fe_bound = fetch_bub / total_slots;
 707         return fe_bound;
 708 }
 709
 710 static double td_be_bound(int ctx, int cpu, struct runtime_stat *st)
 711 {
 712         double sum = (td_fe_bound(ctx, cpu, st) +
 713                       td_bad_spec(ctx, cpu, st) +
 714                       td_retiring(ctx, cpu, st));
 715         if (sum == 0)
 716                 return 0;
 717         return sanitize_val(1.0 - sum);
 718 }
 719
 720 /*
 721  * Kernel reports metrics multiplied with slots. To get back
 722  * the ratios we need to recreate the sum.
 723  */
 724
 725 static double td_metric_ratio(int ctx, int cpu,
 726                               enum stat_type type,
 727                               struct runtime_stat *stat)
 728 {
 729         double sum = runtime_stat_avg(stat, STAT_TOPDOWN_RETIRING, ctx, cpu) +
 730                 runtime_stat_avg(stat, STAT_TOPDOWN_FE_BOUND, ctx, cpu) +
 731                 runtime_stat_avg(stat, STAT_TOPDOWN_BE_BOUND, ctx, cpu) +
 732                 runtime_stat_avg(stat, STAT_TOPDOWN_BAD_SPEC, ctx, cpu);
 733         double d = runtime_stat_avg(stat, type, ctx, cpu);
 734
 735         if (sum)
 736                 return d / sum;
 737         return 0;
 738 }
 739
 740 /*
 741  * ... but only if most of the values are actually available.
 742  * We allow two missing.
 743  */
 744
 745 static bool full_td(int ctx, int cpu,
 746                     struct runtime_stat *stat)
 747 {
 748         int c = 0;
 749
 750         if (runtime_stat_avg(stat, STAT_TOPDOWN_RETIRING, ctx, cpu) > 0)
 751                 c++;
 752         if (runtime_stat_avg(stat, STAT_TOPDOWN_BE_BOUND, ctx, cpu) > 0)
 753                 c++;
 754         if (runtime_stat_avg(stat, STAT_TOPDOWN_FE_BOUND, ctx, cpu) > 0)
 755                 c++;
 756         if (runtime_stat_avg(stat, STAT_TOPDOWN_BAD_SPEC, ctx, cpu) > 0)
 757                 c++;
 758         return c >= 2;
 759 }
 760
 761 static void print_smi_cost(struct perf_stat_config *config,
 762                            int cpu, struct evsel *evsel,
 763                            struct perf_stat_output_ctx *out,
 764                            struct runtime_stat *st)
 765 {
 766         double smi_num, aperf, cycles, cost = 0.0;
 767         int ctx = evsel_context(evsel);
 768         const char *color = NULL;
 769
 770         smi_num = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_SMI_NUM, ctx, cpu);
 771         aperf = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_APERF, ctx, cpu);
 772         cycles = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_CYCLES, ctx, cpu);
 773
 774         if ((cycles == 0) || (aperf == 0))
 775                 return;
 776
 777         if (smi_num)
 778                 cost = (aperf - cycles) / aperf * 100.00;
 779
 780         if (cost > 10)
 781                 color = PERF_COLOR_RED;
 782         out->print_metric(config, out->ctx, color, "%8.1f%%", "SMI cycles%", cost);
 783         out->print_metric(config, out->ctx, NULL, "%4.0f", "SMI#", smi_num);
 784 }
 785
 786 static int prepare_metric(struct evsel **metric_events,
 787                           struct metric_ref *metric_refs,
 788                           struct expr_parse_ctx *pctx,
 789                           int cpu,
 790                           struct runtime_stat *st)
 791 {
 792         double scale;
 793         char *n, *pn;
 794         int i, j, ret;
 795
 796         expr__ctx_init(pctx);
 797         for (i = 0; metric_events[i]; i++) {
 798                 struct saved_value *v;
 799                 struct stats *stats;
 800                 u64 metric_total = 0;
 801
 802                 if (!strcmp(metric_events[i]->name, "duration_time")) {
 803                         stats = &walltime_nsecs_stats;
 804                         scale = 1e-9;
 805                 } else {
 806                         v = saved_value_lookup(metric_events[i], cpu, false,
 807                                                STAT_NONE, 0, st);
 808                         if (!v)
 809                                 break;
 810                         stats = &v->stats;
 811                         scale = 1.0;
 812
 813                         if (v->metric_other)
 814                                 metric_total = v->metric_total;
 815                 }
 816
 817                 n = strdup(metric_events[i]->name);
 818                 if (!n)
 819                         return -ENOMEM;
 820                 /*
 821                  * This display code with --no-merge adds [cpu] postfixes.
 822                  * These are not supported by the parser. Remove everything
 823                  * after the space.
 824                  */
 825                 pn = strchr(n, ' ');
 826                 if (pn)
 827                         *pn = 0;
 828
 829                 if (metric_total)
 830                         expr__add_id_val(pctx, n, metric_total);
 831                 else
 832                         expr__add_id_val(pctx, n, avg_stats(stats)*scale);
 833         }
 834
 835         for (j = 0; metric_refs && metric_refs[j].metric_name; j++) {
 836                 ret = expr__add_ref(pctx, &metric_refs[j]);
 837                 if (ret)
 838                         return ret;
 839         }
 840
 841         return i;
 842 }
 843
 844 static void generic_metric(struct perf_stat_config *config,
 845                            const char *metric_expr,
 846                            struct evsel **metric_events,
 847                            struct metric_ref *metric_refs,
 848                            char *name,
 849                            const char *metric_name,
 850                            const char *metric_unit,
 851                            int runtime,
 852                            int cpu,
 853                            struct perf_stat_output_ctx *out,
 854                            struct runtime_stat *st)
 855 {
 856         print_metric_t print_metric = out->print_metric;
 857         struct expr_parse_ctx pctx;
 858         double ratio, scale;
 859         int i;
 860         void *ctxp = out->ctx;
 861
 862         i = prepare_metric(metric_events, metric_refs, &pctx, cpu, st);
 863         if (i < 0)
 864                 return;
 865
 866         if (!metric_events[i]) {
 867                 if (expr__parse(&ratio, &pctx, metric_expr, runtime) == 0) {
 868                         char *unit;
 869                         char metric_bf[64];
 870
 871                         if (metric_unit && metric_name) {
 872                                 if (perf_pmu__convert_scale(metric_unit,
 873                                         &unit, &scale) >= 0) {
 874                                         ratio *= scale;
 875                                 }
 876                                 if (strstr(metric_expr, "?"))
 877                                         scnprintf(metric_bf, sizeof(metric_bf),
 878                                           "%s  %s_%d", unit, metric_name, runtime);
 879                                 else
 880                                         scnprintf(metric_bf, sizeof(metric_bf),
 881                                           "%s  %s", unit, metric_name);
 882
 883                                 print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, "%8.1f",
 884                                              metric_bf, ratio);
 885                         } else {
 886                                 print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, "%8.2f",
 887                                         metric_name ?
 888                                         metric_name :
 889                                         out->force_header ?  name : "",
 890                                         ratio);
 891                         }
 892                 } else {
 893                         print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL,
 894                                      out->force_header ?
 895                                      (metric_name ? metric_name : name) : "", 0);
 896                 }
 897         } else {
 898                 print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL,
 899                              out->force_header ?
 900                              (metric_name ? metric_name : name) : "", 0);
 901         }
 902
 903         expr__ctx_clear(&pctx);
 904 }
 905
 906 double test_generic_metric(struct metric_expr *mexp, int cpu, struct runtime_stat *st)
 907 {
 908         struct expr_parse_ctx pctx;
 909         double ratio = 0.0;
 910
 911         if (prepare_metric(mexp->metric_events, mexp->metric_refs, &pctx, cpu, st) < 0)
 912                 goto out;
 913
 914         if (expr__parse(&ratio, &pctx, mexp->metric_expr, 1))
 915                 ratio = 0.0;
 916
 917 out:
 918         expr__ctx_clear(&pctx);
 919         return ratio;
 920 }
 921
 922 void perf_stat__print_shadow_stats(struct perf_stat_config *config,
 923                                    struct evsel *evsel,
 924                                    double avg, int cpu,
 925                                    struct perf_stat_output_ctx *out,
 926                                    struct rblist *metric_events,
 927                                    struct runtime_stat *st)
 928 {
 929         void *ctxp = out->ctx;
 930         print_metric_t print_metric = out->print_metric;
 931         double total, ratio = 0.0, total2;
 932         const char *color = NULL;
 933         int ctx = evsel_context(evsel);
 934         struct metric_event *me;
 935         int num = 1;
 936
 937         if (evsel__match(evsel, HARDWARE, HW_INSTRUCTIONS)) {
 938                 total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_CYCLES, ctx, cpu);
 939
 940                 if (total) {
 941                         ratio = avg / total;
 942                         print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, "%7.2f ",
 943                                         "insn per cycle", ratio);
 944                 } else {
 945                         print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, "insn per cycle", 0);
 946                 }
 947
 948                 total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_STALLED_CYCLES_FRONT,
 949                                          ctx, cpu);
 950
 951                 total = max(total, runtime_stat_avg(st,
 952                                                     STAT_STALLED_CYCLES_BACK,
 953                                                     ctx, cpu));
 954
 955                 if (total && avg) {
 956                         out->new_line(config, ctxp);
 957                         ratio = total / avg;
 958                         print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, "%7.2f ",
 959                                         "stalled cycles per insn",
 960                                         ratio);
 961                 }
 962         } else if (evsel__match(evsel, HARDWARE, HW_BRANCH_MISSES)) {
 963                 if (runtime_stat_n(st, STAT_BRANCHES, ctx, cpu) != 0)
 964                         print_branch_misses(config, cpu, evsel, avg, out, st);
 965                 else
 966                         print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, "of all branches", 0);
 967         } else if (
 968                 evsel->core.attr.type == PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE &&
 969                 evsel->core.attr.config ==  ( PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_L1D |
 970                                         ((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ) << 8) |
 971                                          ((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS) << 16))) {
 972
 973                 if (runtime_stat_n(st, STAT_L1_DCACHE, ctx, cpu) != 0)
 974                         print_l1_dcache_misses(config, cpu, evsel, avg, out, st);
 975                 else
 976                         print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, "of all L1-dcache accesses", 0);
 977         } else if (
 978                 evsel->core.attr.type == PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE &&
 979                 evsel->core.attr.config ==  ( PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_L1I |
 980                                         ((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ) << 8) |
 981                                          ((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS) << 16))) {
 982
 983                 if (runtime_stat_n(st, STAT_L1_ICACHE, ctx, cpu) != 0)
 984                         print_l1_icache_misses(config, cpu, evsel, avg, out, st);
 985                 else
 986                         print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, "of all L1-icache accesses", 0);
 987         } else if (
 988                 evsel->core.attr.type == PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE &&
 989                 evsel->core.attr.config ==  ( PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_DTLB |
 990                                         ((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ) << 8) |
 991                                          ((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS) << 16))) {
 992
 993                 if (runtime_stat_n(st, STAT_DTLB_CACHE, ctx, cpu) != 0)
 994                         print_dtlb_cache_misses(config, cpu, evsel, avg, out, st);
 995                 else
 996                         print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, "of all dTLB cache accesses", 0);
 997         } else if (
 998                 evsel->core.attr.type == PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE &&
 999                 evsel->core.attr.config ==  ( PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_ITLB |
1000                                         ((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ) << 8) |
1001                                          ((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS) << 16))) {
1002
1003                 if (runtime_stat_n(st, STAT_ITLB_CACHE, ctx, cpu) != 0)
1004                         print_itlb_cache_misses(config, cpu, evsel, avg, out, st);
1005                 else
1006                         print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, "of all iTLB cache accesses", 0);
1007         } else if (
1008                 evsel->core.attr.type == PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE &&
1009                 evsel->core.attr.config ==  ( PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_LL |
1010                                         ((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ) << 8) |
1011                                          ((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS) << 16))) {
1012
1013                 if (runtime_stat_n(st, STAT_LL_CACHE, ctx, cpu) != 0)
1014                         print_ll_cache_misses(config, cpu, evsel, avg, out, st);
1015                 else
1016                         print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, "of all LL-cache accesses", 0);
1017         } else if (evsel__match(evsel, HARDWARE, HW_CACHE_MISSES)) {
1018                 total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_CACHEREFS, ctx, cpu);
1019
1020                 if (total)
1021                         ratio = avg * 100 / total;
1022
1023                 if (runtime_stat_n(st, STAT_CACHEREFS, ctx, cpu) != 0)
1024                         print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, "%8.3f %%",
1025                                      "of all cache refs", ratio);
1026                 else
1027                         print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, "of all cache refs", 0);
1028         } else if (evsel__match(evsel, HARDWARE, HW_STALLED_CYCLES_FRONTEND)) {
1029                 print_stalled_cycles_frontend(config, cpu, evsel, avg, out, st);
1030         } else if (evsel__match(evsel, HARDWARE, HW_STALLED_CYCLES_BACKEND)) {
1031                 print_stalled_cycles_backend(config, cpu, evsel, avg, out, st);
1032         } else if (evsel__match(evsel, HARDWARE, HW_CPU_CYCLES)) {
1033                 total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_NSECS, 0, cpu);
1034
1035                 if (total) {
1036                         ratio = avg / total;
1037                         print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, "%8.3f", "GHz", ratio);
1038                 } else {
1039                         print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, "Ghz", 0);
1040                 }
1041         } else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, CYCLES_IN_TX)) {
1042                 total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_CYCLES, ctx, cpu);
1043
1044                 if (total)
1045                         print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL,
1046                                         "%7.2f%%", "transactional cycles",
1047                                         100.0 * (avg / total));
1048                 else
1049                         print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, "transactional cycles",
1050                                      0);
1051         } else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, CYCLES_IN_TX_CP)) {
1052                 total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_CYCLES, ctx, cpu);
1053                 total2 = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_CYCLES_IN_TX, ctx, cpu);
1054
1055                 if (total2 < avg)
1056                         total2 = avg;
1057                 if (total)
1058                         print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, "%7.2f%%", "aborted cycles",
1059                                 100.0 * ((total2-avg) / total));
1060                 else
1061                         print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, "aborted cycles", 0);
1062         } else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, TRANSACTION_START)) {
1063                 total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_CYCLES_IN_TX,
1064                                          ctx, cpu);
1065
1066                 if (avg)
1067                         ratio = total / avg;
1068
1069                 if (runtime_stat_n(st, STAT_CYCLES_IN_TX, ctx, cpu) != 0)
1070                         print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, "%8.0f",
1071                                      "cycles / transaction", ratio);
1072                 else
1073                         print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, "cycles / transaction",
1074                                       0);
1075         } else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, ELISION_START)) {
1076                 total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_CYCLES_IN_TX,
1077                                          ctx, cpu);
1078
1079                 if (avg)
1080                         ratio = total / avg;
1081
1082                 print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, "%8.0f", "cycles / elision", ratio);
1083         } else if (evsel__is_clock(evsel)) {
1084                 if ((ratio = avg_stats(&walltime_nsecs_stats)) != 0)
1085                         print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, "%8.3f", "CPUs utilized",
1086                                      avg / (ratio * evsel->scale));
1087                 else
1088                         print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, "CPUs utilized", 0);
1089         } else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, TOPDOWN_FETCH_BUBBLES)) {
1090                 double fe_bound = td_fe_bound(ctx, cpu, st);
1091
1092                 if (fe_bound > 0.2)
1093                         color = PERF_COLOR_RED;
1094                 print_metric(config, ctxp, color, "%8.1f%%", "frontend bound",
1095                                 fe_bound * 100.);
1096         } else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, TOPDOWN_SLOTS_RETIRED)) {
1097                 double retiring = td_retiring(ctx, cpu, st);
1098
1099                 if (retiring > 0.7)
1100                         color = PERF_COLOR_GREEN;
1101                 print_metric(config, ctxp, color, "%8.1f%%", "retiring",
1102                                 retiring * 100.);
1103         } else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, TOPDOWN_RECOVERY_BUBBLES)) {
1104                 double bad_spec = td_bad_spec(ctx, cpu, st);
1105
1106                 if (bad_spec > 0.1)
1107                         color = PERF_COLOR_RED;
1108                 print_metric(config, ctxp, color, "%8.1f%%", "bad speculation",
1109                                 bad_spec * 100.);
1110         } else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, TOPDOWN_SLOTS_ISSUED)) {
1111                 double be_bound = td_be_bound(ctx, cpu, st);
1112                 const char *name = "backend bound";
1113                 static int have_recovery_bubbles = -1;
1114
1115                 /* In case the CPU does not support topdown-recovery-bubbles */
1116                 if (have_recovery_bubbles < 0)
1117                         have_recovery_bubbles = pmu_have_event("cpu",
1118                                         "topdown-recovery-bubbles");
1119                 if (!have_recovery_bubbles)
1120                         name = "backend bound/bad spec";
1121
1122                 if (be_bound > 0.2)
1123                         color = PERF_COLOR_RED;
1124                 if (td_total_slots(ctx, cpu, st) > 0)
1125                         print_metric(config, ctxp, color, "%8.1f%%", name,
1126                                         be_bound * 100.);
1127                 else
1128                         print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, name, 0);
1129         } else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, TOPDOWN_RETIRING) &&
1130                         full_td(ctx, cpu, st)) {
1131                 double retiring = td_metric_ratio(ctx, cpu,
1132                                                   STAT_TOPDOWN_RETIRING, st);
1133
1134                 if (retiring > 0.7)
1135                         color = PERF_COLOR_GREEN;
1136                 print_metric(config, ctxp, color, "%8.1f%%", "retiring",
1137                                 retiring * 100.);
1138         } else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, TOPDOWN_FE_BOUND) &&
1139                         full_td(ctx, cpu, st)) {
1140                 double fe_bound = td_metric_ratio(ctx, cpu,
1141                                                   STAT_TOPDOWN_FE_BOUND, st);
1142
1143                 if (fe_bound > 0.2)
1144                         color = PERF_COLOR_RED;
1145                 print_metric(config, ctxp, color, "%8.1f%%", "frontend bound",
1146                                 fe_bound * 100.);
1147         } else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, TOPDOWN_BE_BOUND) &&
1148                         full_td(ctx, cpu, st)) {
1149                 double be_bound = td_metric_ratio(ctx, cpu,
1150                                                   STAT_TOPDOWN_BE_BOUND, st);
1151
1152                 if (be_bound > 0.2)
1153                         color = PERF_COLOR_RED;
1154                 print_metric(config, ctxp, color, "%8.1f%%", "backend bound",
1155                                 be_bound * 100.);
1156         } else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, TOPDOWN_BAD_SPEC) &&
1157                         full_td(ctx, cpu, st)) {
1158                 double bad_spec = td_metric_ratio(ctx, cpu,
1159                                                   STAT_TOPDOWN_BAD_SPEC, st);
1160
1161                 if (bad_spec > 0.1)
1162                         color = PERF_COLOR_RED;
1163                 print_metric(config, ctxp, color, "%8.1f%%", "bad speculation",
1164                                 bad_spec * 100.);
1165         } else if (evsel->metric_expr) {
1166                 generic_metric(config, evsel->metric_expr, evsel->metric_events, NULL,
1167                                 evsel->name, evsel->metric_name, NULL, 1, cpu, out, st);
1168         } else if (runtime_stat_n(st, STAT_NSECS, 0, cpu) != 0) {
1169                 char unit = 'M';
1170                 char unit_buf[10];
1171
1172                 total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_NSECS, 0, cpu);
1173
1174                 if (total)
1175                         ratio = 1000.0 * avg / total;
1176                 if (ratio < 0.001) {
1177                         ratio *= 1000;
1178                         unit = 'K';
1179                 }
1180                 snprintf(unit_buf, sizeof(unit_buf), "%c/sec", unit);
1181                 print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, "%8.3f", unit_buf, ratio);
1182         } else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, SMI_NUM)) {
1183                 print_smi_cost(config, cpu, evsel, out, st);
1184         } else {
1185                 num = 0;
1186         }
1187
1188         if ((me = metricgroup__lookup(metric_events, evsel, false)) != NULL) {
1189                 struct metric_expr *mexp;
1190
1191                 list_for_each_entry (mexp, &me->head, nd) {
1192                         if (num++ > 0)
1193                                 out->new_line(config, ctxp);
1194                         generic_metric(config, mexp->metric_expr, mexp->metric_events,
1195                                         mexp->metric_refs, evsel->name, mexp->metric_name,
1196                                         mexp->metric_unit, mexp->runtime, cpu, out, st);
1197                 }
1198         }
1199         if (num == 0)
1200                 print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0);
1201 }