tools/perf/util/stat-shadow.c

   1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
   2 #include <stdio.h>
   3 #include "evsel.h"
   4 #include "stat.h"
   5 #include "color.h"
   6 #include "pmu.h"
   7 #include "rblist.h"
   8 #include "evlist.h"
   9 #include "expr.h"
  10 #include "metricgroup.h"
  11 #include "cgroup.h"
  12 #include <linux/zalloc.h>
  13
  14 /*
  15  * AGGR_GLOBAL: Use CPU 0
  16  * AGGR_SOCKET: Use first CPU of socket
  17  * AGGR_DIE: Use first CPU of die
  18  * AGGR_CORE: Use first CPU of core
  19  * AGGR_NONE: Use matching CPU
  20  * AGGR_THREAD: Not supported?
  21  */
  22
  23 struct runtime_stat rt_stat;
  24 struct stats walltime_nsecs_stats;
  25
  26 struct saved_value {
  27         struct rb_node rb_node;
  28         struct evsel *evsel;
  29         enum stat_type type;
  30         int ctx;
  31         int cpu;
  32         struct cgroup *cgrp;
  33         struct runtime_stat *stat;
  34         struct stats stats;
  35         u64 metric_total;
  36         int metric_other;
  37 };
  38
  39 static int saved_value_cmp(struct rb_node *rb_node, const void *entry)
  40 {
  41         struct saved_value *a = container_of(rb_node,
  42                                              struct saved_value,
  43                                              rb_node);
  44         const struct saved_value *b = entry;
  45
  46         if (a->cpu != b->cpu)
  47                 return a->cpu - b->cpu;
  48
  49         /*
  50          * Previously the rbtree was used to link generic metrics.
  51          * The keys were evsel/cpu. Now the rbtree is extended to support
  52          * per-thread shadow stats. For shadow stats case, the keys
  53          * are cpu/type/ctx/stat (evsel is NULL). For generic metrics
  54          * case, the keys are still evsel/cpu (type/ctx/stat are 0 or NULL).
  55          */
  56         if (a->type != b->type)
  57                 return a->type - b->type;
  58
  59         if (a->ctx != b->ctx)
  60                 return a->ctx - b->ctx;
  61
  62         if (a->cgrp != b->cgrp)
  63                 return (char *)a->cgrp < (char *)b->cgrp ? -1 : +1;
  64
  65         if (a->evsel == NULL && b->evsel == NULL) {
  66                 if (a->stat == b->stat)
  67                         return 0;
  68
  69                 if ((char *)a->stat < (char *)b->stat)
  70                         return -1;
  71
  72                 return 1;
  73         }
  74
  75         if (a->evsel == b->evsel)
  76                 return 0;
  77         if ((char *)a->evsel < (char *)b->evsel)
  78                 return -1;
  79         return +1;
  80 }
  81
  82 static struct rb_node *saved_value_new(struct rblist *rblist __maybe_unused,
  83                                      const void *entry)
  84 {
  85         struct saved_value *nd = malloc(sizeof(struct saved_value));
  86
  87         if (!nd)
  88                 return NULL;
  89         memcpy(nd, entry, sizeof(struct saved_value));
  90         return &nd->rb_node;
  91 }
  92
  93 static void saved_value_delete(struct rblist *rblist __maybe_unused,
  94                                struct rb_node *rb_node)
  95 {
  96         struct saved_value *v;
  97
  98         BUG_ON(!rb_node);
  99         v = container_of(rb_node, struct saved_value, rb_node);
 100         free(v);
 101 }
 102
 103 static struct saved_value *saved_value_lookup(struct evsel *evsel,
 104                                               int cpu,
 105                                               bool create,
 106                                               enum stat_type type,
 107                                               int ctx,
 108                                               struct runtime_stat *st,
 109                                               struct cgroup *cgrp)
 110 {
 111         struct rblist *rblist;
 112         struct rb_node *nd;
 113         struct saved_value dm = {
 114                 .cpu = cpu,
 115                 .evsel = evsel,
 116                 .type = type,
 117                 .ctx = ctx,
 118                 .stat = st,
 119                 .cgrp = cgrp,
 120         };
 121
 122         rblist = &st->value_list;
 123
 124         /* don't use context info for clock events */
 125         if (type == STAT_NSECS)
 126                 dm.ctx = 0;
 127
 128         nd = rblist__find(rblist, &dm);
 129         if (nd)
 130                 return container_of(nd, struct saved_value, rb_node);
 131         if (create) {
 132                 rblist__add_node(rblist, &dm);
 133                 nd = rblist__find(rblist, &dm);
 134                 if (nd)
 135                         return container_of(nd, struct saved_value, rb_node);
 136         }
 137         return NULL;
 138 }
 139
 140 void runtime_stat__init(struct runtime_stat *st)
 141 {
 142         struct rblist *rblist = &st->value_list;
 143
 144         rblist__init(rblist);
 145         rblist->node_cmp = saved_value_cmp;
 146         rblist->node_new = saved_value_new;
 147         rblist->node_delete = saved_value_delete;
 148 }
 149
 150 void runtime_stat__exit(struct runtime_stat *st)
 151 {
 152         rblist__exit(&st->value_list);
 153 }
 154
 155 void perf_stat__init_shadow_stats(void)
 156 {
 157         runtime_stat__init(&rt_stat);
 158 }
 159
 160 static int evsel_context(struct evsel *evsel)
 161 {
 162         int ctx = 0;
 163
 164         if (evsel->core.attr.exclude_kernel)
 165                 ctx |= CTX_BIT_KERNEL;
 166         if (evsel->core.attr.exclude_user)
 167                 ctx |= CTX_BIT_USER;
 168         if (evsel->core.attr.exclude_hv)
 169                 ctx |= CTX_BIT_HV;
 170         if (evsel->core.attr.exclude_host)
 171                 ctx |= CTX_BIT_HOST;
 172         if (evsel->core.attr.exclude_idle)
 173                 ctx |= CTX_BIT_IDLE;
 174
 175         return ctx;
 176 }
 177
 178 static void reset_stat(struct runtime_stat *st)
 179 {
 180         struct rblist *rblist;
 181         struct rb_node *pos, *next;
 182
 183         rblist = &st->value_list;
 184         next = rb_first_cached(&rblist->entries);
 185         while (next) {
 186                 pos = next;
 187                 next = rb_next(pos);
 188                 memset(&container_of(pos, struct saved_value, rb_node)->stats,
 189                        0,
 190                        sizeof(struct stats));
 191         }
 192 }
 193
 194 void perf_stat__reset_shadow_stats(void)
 195 {
 196         reset_stat(&rt_stat);
 197         memset(&walltime_nsecs_stats, 0, sizeof(walltime_nsecs_stats));
 198 }
 199
 200 void perf_stat__reset_shadow_per_stat(struct runtime_stat *st)
 201 {
 202         reset_stat(st);
 203 }
 204
 205 struct runtime_stat_data {
 206         int ctx;
 207         struct cgroup *cgrp;
 208 };
 209
 210 static void update_runtime_stat(struct runtime_stat *st,
 211                                 enum stat_type type,
 212                                 int cpu, u64 count,
 213                                 struct runtime_stat_data *rsd)
 214 {
 215         struct saved_value *v = saved_value_lookup(NULL, cpu, true, type,
 216                                                    rsd->ctx, st, rsd->cgrp);
 217
 218         if (v)
 219                 update_stats(&v->stats, count);
 220 }
 221
 222 /*
 223  * Update various tracking values we maintain to print
 224  * more semantic information such as miss/hit ratios,
 225  * instruction rates, etc:
 226  */
 227 void perf_stat__update_shadow_stats(struct evsel *counter, u64 count,
 228                                     int cpu, struct runtime_stat *st)
 229 {
 230         u64 count_ns = count;
 231         struct saved_value *v;
 232         struct runtime_stat_data rsd = {
 233                 .ctx = evsel_context(counter),
 234                 .cgrp = counter->cgrp,
 235         };
 236
 237         count *= counter->scale;
 238
 239         if (evsel__is_clock(counter))
 240                 update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_NSECS, cpu, count_ns, &rsd);
 241         else if (evsel__match(counter, HARDWARE, HW_CPU_CYCLES))
 242                 update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_CYCLES, cpu, count, &rsd);
 243         else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, CYCLES_IN_TX))
 244                 update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_CYCLES_IN_TX, cpu, count, &rsd);
 245         else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, TRANSACTION_START))
 246                 update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_TRANSACTION, cpu, count, &rsd);
 247         else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, ELISION_START))
 248                 update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_ELISION, cpu, count, &rsd);
 249         else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, TOPDOWN_TOTAL_SLOTS))
 250                 update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_TOTAL_SLOTS,
 251                                     cpu, count, &rsd);
 252         else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, TOPDOWN_SLOTS_ISSUED))
 253                 update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_SLOTS_ISSUED,
 254                                     cpu, count, &rsd);
 255         else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, TOPDOWN_SLOTS_RETIRED))
 256                 update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_SLOTS_RETIRED,
 257                                     cpu, count, &rsd);
 258         else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, TOPDOWN_FETCH_BUBBLES))
 259                 update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_FETCH_BUBBLES,
 260                                     cpu, count, &rsd);
 261         else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, TOPDOWN_RECOVERY_BUBBLES))
 262                 update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_RECOVERY_BUBBLES,
 263                                     cpu, count, &rsd);
 264         else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, TOPDOWN_RETIRING))
 265                 update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_RETIRING,
 266                                     cpu, count, &rsd);
 267         else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, TOPDOWN_BAD_SPEC))
 268                 update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_BAD_SPEC,
 269                                     cpu, count, &rsd);
 270         else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, TOPDOWN_FE_BOUND))
 271                 update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_FE_BOUND,
 272                                     cpu, count, &rsd);
 273         else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, TOPDOWN_BE_BOUND))
 274                 update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_BE_BOUND,
 275                                     cpu, count, &rsd);
 276         else if (evsel__match(counter, HARDWARE, HW_STALLED_CYCLES_FRONTEND))
 277                 update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_STALLED_CYCLES_FRONT,
 278                                     cpu, count, &rsd);
 279         else if (evsel__match(counter, HARDWARE, HW_STALLED_CYCLES_BACKEND))
 280                 update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_STALLED_CYCLES_BACK,
 281                                     cpu, count, &rsd);
 282         else if (evsel__match(counter, HARDWARE, HW_BRANCH_INSTRUCTIONS))
 283                 update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_BRANCHES, cpu, count, &rsd);
 284         else if (evsel__match(counter, HARDWARE, HW_CACHE_REFERENCES))
 285                 update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_CACHEREFS, cpu, count, &rsd);
 286         else if (evsel__match(counter, HW_CACHE, HW_CACHE_L1D))
 287                 update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_L1_DCACHE, cpu, count, &rsd);
 288         else if (evsel__match(counter, HW_CACHE, HW_CACHE_L1I))
 289                 update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_L1_ICACHE, cpu, count, &rsd);
 290         else if (evsel__match(counter, HW_CACHE, HW_CACHE_LL))
 291                 update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_LL_CACHE, cpu, count, &rsd);
 292         else if (evsel__match(counter, HW_CACHE, HW_CACHE_DTLB))
 293                 update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_DTLB_CACHE, cpu, count, &rsd);
 294         else if (evsel__match(counter, HW_CACHE, HW_CACHE_ITLB))
 295                 update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_ITLB_CACHE, cpu, count, &rsd);
 296         else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, SMI_NUM))
 297                 update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_SMI_NUM, cpu, count, &rsd);
 298         else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, APERF))
 299                 update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_APERF, cpu, count, &rsd);
 300
 301         if (counter->collect_stat) {
 302                 v = saved_value_lookup(counter, cpu, true, STAT_NONE, 0, st,
 303                                        rsd.cgrp);
 304                 update_stats(&v->stats, count);
 305                 if (counter->metric_leader)
 306                         v->metric_total += count;
 307         } else if (counter->metric_leader) {
 308                 v = saved_value_lookup(counter->metric_leader,
 309                                        cpu, true, STAT_NONE, 0, st, rsd.cgrp);
 310                 v->metric_total += count;
 311                 v->metric_other++;
 312         }
 313 }
 314
 315 /* used for get_ratio_color() */
 316 enum grc_type {
 317         GRC_STALLED_CYCLES_FE,
 318         GRC_STALLED_CYCLES_BE,
 319         GRC_CACHE_MISSES,
 320         GRC_MAX_NR
 321 };
 322
 323 static const char *get_ratio_color(enum grc_type type, double ratio)
 324 {
 325         static const double grc_table[GRC_MAX_NR][3] = {
 326                 [GRC_STALLED_CYCLES_FE] = { 50.0, 30.0, 10.0 },
 327                 [GRC_STALLED_CYCLES_BE] = { 75.0, 50.0, 20.0 },
 328                 [GRC_CACHE_MISSES]      = { 20.0, 10.0, 5.0 },
 329         };
 330         const char *color = PERF_COLOR_NORMAL;
 331
 332         if (ratio > grc_table[type][0])
 333                 color = PERF_COLOR_RED;
 334         else if (ratio > grc_table[type][1])
 335                 color = PERF_COLOR_MAGENTA;
 336         else if (ratio > grc_table[type][2])
 337                 color = PERF_COLOR_YELLOW;
 338
 339         return color;
 340 }
 341
 342 static struct evsel *perf_stat__find_event(struct evlist *evsel_list,
 343                                                 const char *name)
 344 {
 345         struct evsel *c2;
 346
 347         evlist__for_each_entry (evsel_list, c2) {
 348                 if (!strcasecmp(c2->name, name) && !c2->collect_stat)
 349                         return c2;
 350         }
 351         return NULL;
 352 }
 353
 354 /* Mark MetricExpr target events and link events using them to them. */
 355 void perf_stat__collect_metric_expr(struct evlist *evsel_list)
 356 {
 357         struct evsel *counter, *leader, **metric_events, *oc;
 358         bool found;
 359         struct expr_parse_ctx ctx;
 360         struct hashmap_entry *cur;
 361         size_t bkt;
 362         int i;
 363
 364         expr__ctx_init(&ctx);
 365         evlist__for_each_entry(evsel_list, counter) {
 366                 bool invalid = false;
 367
 368                 leader = counter->leader;
 369                 if (!counter->metric_expr)
 370                         continue;
 371
 372                 expr__ctx_clear(&ctx);
 373                 metric_events = counter->metric_events;
 374                 if (!metric_events) {
 375                         if (expr__find_other(counter->metric_expr,
 376                                              counter->name,
 377                                              &ctx, 1) < 0)
 378                                 continue;
 379
 380                         metric_events = calloc(sizeof(struct evsel *),
 381                                                hashmap__size(&ctx.ids) + 1);
 382                         if (!metric_events) {
 383                                 expr__ctx_clear(&ctx);
 384                                 return;
 385                         }
 386                         counter->metric_events = metric_events;
 387                 }
 388
 389                 i = 0;
 390                 hashmap__for_each_entry((&ctx.ids), cur, bkt) {
 391                         const char *metric_name = (const char *)cur->key;
 392
 393                         found = false;
 394                         if (leader) {
 395                                 /* Search in group */
 396                                 for_each_group_member (oc, leader) {
 397                                         if (!strcasecmp(oc->name,
 398                                                         metric_name) &&
 399                                                 !oc->collect_stat) {
 400                                                 found = true;
 401                                                 break;
 402                                         }
 403                                 }
 404                         }
 405                         if (!found) {
 406                                 /* Search ignoring groups */
 407                                 oc = perf_stat__find_event(evsel_list,
 408                                                            metric_name);
 409                         }
 410                         if (!oc) {
 411                                 /* Deduping one is good enough to handle duplicated PMUs. */
 412                                 static char *printed;
 413
 414                                 /*
 415                                  * Adding events automatically would be difficult, because
 416                                  * it would risk creating groups that are not schedulable.
 417                                  * perf stat doesn't understand all the scheduling constraints
 418                                  * of events. So we ask the user instead to add the missing
 419                                  * events.
 420                                  */
 421                                 if (!printed ||
 422                                     strcasecmp(printed, metric_name)) {
 423                                         fprintf(stderr,
 424                                                 "Add %s event to groups to get metric expression for %s\n",
 425                                                 metric_name,
 426                                                 counter->name);
 427                                         printed = strdup(metric_name);
 428                                 }
 429                                 invalid = true;
 430                                 continue;
 431                         }
 432                         metric_events[i++] = oc;
 433                         oc->collect_stat = true;
 434                 }
 435                 metric_events[i] = NULL;
 436                 if (invalid) {
 437                         free(metric_events);
 438                         counter->metric_events = NULL;
 439                         counter->metric_expr = NULL;
 440                 }
 441         }
 442         expr__ctx_clear(&ctx);
 443 }
 444
 445 static double runtime_stat_avg(struct runtime_stat *st,
 446                                enum stat_type type, int cpu,
 447                                struct runtime_stat_data *rsd)
 448 {
 449         struct saved_value *v;
 450
 451         v = saved_value_lookup(NULL, cpu, false, type, rsd->ctx, st, rsd->cgrp);
 452         if (!v)
 453                 return 0.0;
 454
 455         return avg_stats(&v->stats);
 456 }
 457
 458 static double runtime_stat_n(struct runtime_stat *st,
 459                              enum stat_type type, int cpu,
 460                              struct runtime_stat_data *rsd)
 461 {
 462         struct saved_value *v;
 463
 464         v = saved_value_lookup(NULL, cpu, false, type, rsd->ctx, st, rsd->cgrp);
 465         if (!v)
 466                 return 0.0;
 467
 468         return v->stats.n;
 469 }
 470
 471 static void print_stalled_cycles_frontend(struct perf_stat_config *config,
 472                                           int cpu, double avg,
 473                                           struct perf_stat_output_ctx *out,
 474                                           struct runtime_stat *st,
 475                                           struct runtime_stat_data *rsd)
 476 {
 477         double total, ratio = 0.0;
 478         const char *color;
 479
 480         total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_CYCLES, cpu, rsd);
 481
 482         if (total)
 483                 ratio = avg / total * 100.0;
 484
 485         color = get_ratio_color(GRC_STALLED_CYCLES_FE, ratio);
 486
 487         if (ratio)
 488                 out->print_metric(config, out->ctx, color, "%7.2f%%", "frontend cycles idle",
 489                                   ratio);
 490         else
 491                 out->print_metric(config, out->ctx, NULL, NULL, "frontend cycles idle", 0);
 492 }
 493
 494 static void print_stalled_cycles_backend(struct perf_stat_config *config,
 495                                          int cpu, double avg,
 496                                          struct perf_stat_output_ctx *out,
 497                                          struct runtime_stat *st,
 498                                          struct runtime_stat_data *rsd)
 499 {
 500         double total, ratio = 0.0;
 501         const char *color;
 502
 503         total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_CYCLES, cpu, rsd);
 504
 505         if (total)
 506                 ratio = avg / total * 100.0;
 507
 508         color = get_ratio_color(GRC_STALLED_CYCLES_BE, ratio);
 509
 510         out->print_metric(config, out->ctx, color, "%7.2f%%", "backend cycles idle", ratio);
 511 }
 512
 513 static void print_branch_misses(struct perf_stat_config *config,
 514                                 int cpu, double avg,
 515                                 struct perf_stat_output_ctx *out,
 516                                 struct runtime_stat *st,
 517                                 struct runtime_stat_data *rsd)
 518 {
 519         double total, ratio = 0.0;
 520         const char *color;
 521
 522         total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_BRANCHES, cpu, rsd);
 523
 524         if (total)
 525                 ratio = avg / total * 100.0;
 526
 527         color = get_ratio_color(GRC_CACHE_MISSES, ratio);
 528
 529         out->print_metric(config, out->ctx, color, "%7.2f%%", "of all branches", ratio);
 530 }
 531
 532 static void print_l1_dcache_misses(struct perf_stat_config *config,
 533                                    int cpu, double avg,
 534                                    struct perf_stat_output_ctx *out,
 535                                    struct runtime_stat *st,
 536                                    struct runtime_stat_data *rsd)
 537 {
 538         double total, ratio = 0.0;
 539         const char *color;
 540
 541         total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_L1_DCACHE, cpu, rsd);
 542
 543         if (total)
 544                 ratio = avg / total * 100.0;
 545
 546         color = get_ratio_color(GRC_CACHE_MISSES, ratio);
 547
 548         out->print_metric(config, out->ctx, color, "%7.2f%%", "of all L1-dcache accesses", ratio);
 549 }
 550
 551 static void print_l1_icache_misses(struct perf_stat_config *config,
 552                                    int cpu, double avg,
 553                                    struct perf_stat_output_ctx *out,
 554                                    struct runtime_stat *st,
 555                                    struct runtime_stat_data *rsd)
 556 {
 557         double total, ratio = 0.0;
 558         const char *color;
 559
 560         total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_L1_ICACHE, cpu, rsd);
 561
 562         if (total)
 563                 ratio = avg / total * 100.0;
 564
 565         color = get_ratio_color(GRC_CACHE_MISSES, ratio);
 566         out->print_metric(config, out->ctx, color, "%7.2f%%", "of all L1-icache accesses", ratio);
 567 }
 568
 569 static void print_dtlb_cache_misses(struct perf_stat_config *config,
 570                                     int cpu, double avg,
 571                                     struct perf_stat_output_ctx *out,
 572                                     struct runtime_stat *st,
 573                                     struct runtime_stat_data *rsd)
 574 {
 575         double total, ratio = 0.0;
 576         const char *color;
 577
 578         total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_DTLB_CACHE, cpu, rsd);
 579
 580         if (total)
 581                 ratio = avg / total * 100.0;
 582
 583         color = get_ratio_color(GRC_CACHE_MISSES, ratio);
 584         out->print_metric(config, out->ctx, color, "%7.2f%%", "of all dTLB cache accesses", ratio);
 585 }
 586
 587 static void print_itlb_cache_misses(struct perf_stat_config *config,
 588                                     int cpu, double avg,
 589                                     struct perf_stat_output_ctx *out,
 590                                     struct runtime_stat *st,
 591                                     struct runtime_stat_data *rsd)
 592 {
 593         double total, ratio = 0.0;
 594         const char *color;
 595
 596         total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_ITLB_CACHE, cpu, rsd);
 597
 598         if (total)
 599                 ratio = avg / total * 100.0;
 600
 601         color = get_ratio_color(GRC_CACHE_MISSES, ratio);
 602         out->print_metric(config, out->ctx, color, "%7.2f%%", "of all iTLB cache accesses", ratio);
 603 }
 604
 605 static void print_ll_cache_misses(struct perf_stat_config *config,
 606                                   int cpu, double avg,
 607                                   struct perf_stat_output_ctx *out,
 608                                   struct runtime_stat *st,
 609                                   struct runtime_stat_data *rsd)
 610 {
 611         double total, ratio = 0.0;
 612         const char *color;
 613
 614         total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_LL_CACHE, cpu, rsd);
 615
 616         if (total)
 617                 ratio = avg / total * 100.0;
 618
 619         color = get_ratio_color(GRC_CACHE_MISSES, ratio);
 620         out->print_metric(config, out->ctx, color, "%7.2f%%", "of all LL-cache accesses", ratio);
 621 }
 622
 623 /*
 624  * High level "TopDown" CPU core pipe line bottleneck break down.
 625  *
 626  * Basic concept following
 627  * Yasin, A Top Down Method for Performance analysis and Counter architecture
 628  * ISPASS14
 629  *
 630  * The CPU pipeline is divided into 4 areas that can be bottlenecks:
 631  *
 632  * Frontend -> Backend -> Retiring
 633  * BadSpeculation in addition means out of order execution that is thrown away
 634  * (for example branch mispredictions)
 635  * Frontend is instruction decoding.
 636  * Backend is execution, like computation and accessing data in memory
 637  * Retiring is good execution that is not directly bottlenecked
 638  *
 639  * The formulas are computed in slots.
 640  * A slot is an entry in the pipeline each for the pipeline width
 641  * (for example a 4-wide pipeline has 4 slots for each cycle)
 642  *
 643  * Formulas:
 644  * BadSpeculation = ((SlotsIssued - SlotsRetired) + RecoveryBubbles) /
 645  *                      TotalSlots
 646  * Retiring = SlotsRetired / TotalSlots
 647  * FrontendBound = FetchBubbles / TotalSlots
 648  * BackendBound = 1.0 - BadSpeculation - Retiring - FrontendBound
 649  *
 650  * The kernel provides the mapping to the low level CPU events and any scaling
 651  * needed for the CPU pipeline width, for example:
 652  *
 653  * TotalSlots = Cycles * 4
 654  *
 655  * The scaling factor is communicated in the sysfs unit.
 656  *
 657  * In some cases the CPU may not be able to measure all the formulas due to
 658  * missing events. In this case multiple formulas are combined, as possible.
 659  *
 660  * Full TopDown supports more levels to sub-divide each area: for example
 661  * BackendBound into computing bound and memory bound. For now we only
 662  * support Level 1 TopDown.
 663  */
 664
 665 static double sanitize_val(double x)
 666 {
 667         if (x < 0 && x >= -0.02)
 668                 return 0.0;
 669         return x;
 670 }
 671
 672 static double td_total_slots(int cpu, struct runtime_stat *st,
 673                              struct runtime_stat_data *rsd)
 674 {
 675         return runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_TOTAL_SLOTS, cpu, rsd);
 676 }
 677
 678 static double td_bad_spec(int cpu, struct runtime_stat *st,
 679                           struct runtime_stat_data *rsd)
 680 {
 681         double bad_spec = 0;
 682         double total_slots;
 683         double total;
 684
 685         total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_SLOTS_ISSUED, cpu, rsd) -
 686                 runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_SLOTS_RETIRED, cpu, rsd) +
 687                 runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_RECOVERY_BUBBLES, cpu, rsd);
 688
 689         total_slots = td_total_slots(cpu, st, rsd);
 690         if (total_slots)
 691                 bad_spec = total / total_slots;
 692         return sanitize_val(bad_spec);
 693 }
 694
 695 static double td_retiring(int cpu, struct runtime_stat *st,
 696                           struct runtime_stat_data *rsd)
 697 {
 698         double retiring = 0;
 699         double total_slots = td_total_slots(cpu, st, rsd);
 700         double ret_slots = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_SLOTS_RETIRED,
 701                                             cpu, rsd);
 702
 703         if (total_slots)
 704                 retiring = ret_slots / total_slots;
 705         return retiring;
 706 }
 707
 708 static double td_fe_bound(int cpu, struct runtime_stat *st,
 709                           struct runtime_stat_data *rsd)
 710 {
 711         double fe_bound = 0;
 712         double total_slots = td_total_slots(cpu, st, rsd);
 713         double fetch_bub = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_FETCH_BUBBLES,
 714                                             cpu, rsd);
 715
 716         if (total_slots)
 717                 fe_bound = fetch_bub / total_slots;
 718         return fe_bound;
 719 }
 720
 721 static double td_be_bound(int cpu, struct runtime_stat *st,
 722                           struct runtime_stat_data *rsd)
 723 {
 724         double sum = (td_fe_bound(cpu, st, rsd) +
 725                       td_bad_spec(cpu, st, rsd) +
 726                       td_retiring(cpu, st, rsd));
 727         if (sum == 0)
 728                 return 0;
 729         return sanitize_val(1.0 - sum);
 730 }
 731
 732 /*
 733  * Kernel reports metrics multiplied with slots. To get back
 734  * the ratios we need to recreate the sum.
 735  */
 736
 737 static double td_metric_ratio(int cpu, enum stat_type type,
 738                               struct runtime_stat *stat,
 739                               struct runtime_stat_data *rsd)
 740 {
 741         double sum = runtime_stat_avg(stat, STAT_TOPDOWN_RETIRING, cpu, rsd) +
 742                 runtime_stat_avg(stat, STAT_TOPDOWN_FE_BOUND, cpu, rsd) +
 743                 runtime_stat_avg(stat, STAT_TOPDOWN_BE_BOUND, cpu, rsd) +
 744                 runtime_stat_avg(stat, STAT_TOPDOWN_BAD_SPEC, cpu, rsd);
 745         double d = runtime_stat_avg(stat, type, cpu, rsd);
 746
 747         if (sum)
 748                 return d / sum;
 749         return 0;
 750 }
 751
 752 /*
 753  * ... but only if most of the values are actually available.
 754  * We allow two missing.
 755  */
 756
 757 static bool full_td(int cpu, struct runtime_stat *stat,
 758                     struct runtime_stat_data *rsd)
 759 {
 760         int c = 0;
 761
 762         if (runtime_stat_avg(stat, STAT_TOPDOWN_RETIRING, cpu, rsd) > 0)
 763                 c++;
 764         if (runtime_stat_avg(stat, STAT_TOPDOWN_BE_BOUND, cpu, rsd) > 0)
 765                 c++;
 766         if (runtime_stat_avg(stat, STAT_TOPDOWN_FE_BOUND, cpu, rsd) > 0)
 767                 c++;
 768         if (runtime_stat_avg(stat, STAT_TOPDOWN_BAD_SPEC, cpu, rsd) > 0)
 769                 c++;
 770         return c >= 2;
 771 }
 772
 773 static void print_smi_cost(struct perf_stat_config *config, int cpu,
 774                            struct perf_stat_output_ctx *out,
 775                            struct runtime_stat *st,
 776                            struct runtime_stat_data *rsd)
 777 {
 778         double smi_num, aperf, cycles, cost = 0.0;
 779         const char *color = NULL;
 780
 781         smi_num = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_SMI_NUM, cpu, rsd);
 782         aperf = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_APERF, cpu, rsd);
 783         cycles = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_CYCLES, cpu, rsd);
 784
 785         if ((cycles == 0) || (aperf == 0))
 786                 return;
 787
 788         if (smi_num)
 789                 cost = (aperf - cycles) / aperf * 100.00;
 790
 791         if (cost > 10)
 792                 color = PERF_COLOR_RED;
 793         out->print_metric(config, out->ctx, color, "%8.1f%%", "SMI cycles%", cost);
 794         out->print_metric(config, out->ctx, NULL, "%4.0f", "SMI#", smi_num);
 795 }
 796
 797 static int prepare_metric(struct evsel **metric_events,
 798                           struct metric_ref *metric_refs,
 799                           struct expr_parse_ctx *pctx,
 800                           int cpu,
 801                           struct runtime_stat *st)
 802 {
 803         double scale;
 804         char *n, *pn;
 805         int i, j, ret;
 806
 807         expr__ctx_init(pctx);
 808         for (i = 0; metric_events[i]; i++) {
 809                 struct saved_value *v;
 810                 struct stats *stats;
 811                 u64 metric_total = 0;
 812
 813                 if (!strcmp(metric_events[i]->name, "duration_time")) {
 814                         stats = &walltime_nsecs_stats;
 815                         scale = 1e-9;
 816                 } else {
 817                         v = saved_value_lookup(metric_events[i], cpu, false,
 818                                                STAT_NONE, 0, st,
 819                                                metric_events[i]->cgrp);
 820                         if (!v)
 821                                 break;
 822                         stats = &v->stats;
 823                         scale = 1.0;
 824
 825                         if (v->metric_other)
 826                                 metric_total = v->metric_total;
 827                 }
 828
 829                 n = strdup(metric_events[i]->name);
 830                 if (!n)
 831                         return -ENOMEM;
 832                 /*
 833                  * This display code with --no-merge adds [cpu] postfixes.
 834                  * These are not supported by the parser. Remove everything
 835                  * after the space.
 836                  */
 837                 pn = strchr(n, ' ');
 838                 if (pn)
 839                         *pn = 0;
 840
 841                 if (metric_total)
 842                         expr__add_id_val(pctx, n, metric_total);
 843                 else
 844                         expr__add_id_val(pctx, n, avg_stats(stats)*scale);
 845         }
 846
 847         for (j = 0; metric_refs && metric_refs[j].metric_name; j++) {
 848                 ret = expr__add_ref(pctx, &metric_refs[j]);
 849                 if (ret)
 850                         return ret;
 851         }
 852
 853         return i;
 854 }
 855
 856 static void generic_metric(struct perf_stat_config *config,
 857                            const char *metric_expr,
 858                            struct evsel **metric_events,
 859                            struct metric_ref *metric_refs,
 860                            char *name,
 861                            const char *metric_name,
 862                            const char *metric_unit,
 863                            int runtime,
 864                            int cpu,
 865                            struct perf_stat_output_ctx *out,
 866                            struct runtime_stat *st)
 867 {
 868         print_metric_t print_metric = out->print_metric;
 869         struct expr_parse_ctx pctx;
 870         double ratio, scale;
 871         int i;
 872         void *ctxp = out->ctx;
 873
 874         i = prepare_metric(metric_events, metric_refs, &pctx, cpu, st);
 875         if (i < 0)
 876                 return;
 877
 878         if (!metric_events[i]) {
 879                 if (expr__parse(&ratio, &pctx, metric_expr, runtime) == 0) {
 880                         char *unit;
 881                         char metric_bf[64];
 882
 883                         if (metric_unit && metric_name) {
 884                                 if (perf_pmu__convert_scale(metric_unit,
 885                                         &unit, &scale) >= 0) {
 886                                         ratio *= scale;
 887                                 }
 888                                 if (strstr(metric_expr, "?"))
 889                                         scnprintf(metric_bf, sizeof(metric_bf),
 890                                           "%s  %s_%d", unit, metric_name, runtime);
 891                                 else
 892                                         scnprintf(metric_bf, sizeof(metric_bf),
 893                                           "%s  %s", unit, metric_name);
 894
 895                                 print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, "%8.1f",
 896                                              metric_bf, ratio);
 897                         } else {
 898                                 print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, "%8.2f",
 899                                         metric_name ?
 900                                         metric_name :
 901                                         out->force_header ?  name : "",
 902                                         ratio);
 903                         }
 904                 } else {
 905                         print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL,
 906                                      out->force_header ?
 907                                      (metric_name ? metric_name : name) : "", 0);
 908                 }
 909         } else {
 910                 print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL,
 911                              out->force_header ?
 912                              (metric_name ? metric_name : name) : "", 0);
 913         }
 914
 915         expr__ctx_clear(&pctx);
 916 }
 917
 918 double test_generic_metric(struct metric_expr *mexp, int cpu, struct runtime_stat *st)
 919 {
 920         struct expr_parse_ctx pctx;
 921         double ratio = 0.0;
 922
 923         if (prepare_metric(mexp->metric_events, mexp->metric_refs, &pctx, cpu, st) < 0)
 924                 goto out;
 925
 926         if (expr__parse(&ratio, &pctx, mexp->metric_expr, 1))
 927                 ratio = 0.0;
 928
 929 out:
 930         expr__ctx_clear(&pctx);
 931         return ratio;
 932 }
 933
 934 void perf_stat__print_shadow_stats(struct perf_stat_config *config,
 935                                    struct evsel *evsel,
 936                                    double avg, int cpu,
 937                                    struct perf_stat_output_ctx *out,
 938                                    struct rblist *metric_events,
 939                                    struct runtime_stat *st)
 940 {
 941         void *ctxp = out->ctx;
 942         print_metric_t print_metric = out->print_metric;
 943         double total, ratio = 0.0, total2;
 944         const char *color = NULL;
 945         struct runtime_stat_data rsd = {
 946                 .ctx = evsel_context(evsel),
 947                 .cgrp = evsel->cgrp,
 948         };
 949         struct metric_event *me;
 950         int num = 1;
 951
 952         if (evsel__match(evsel, HARDWARE, HW_INSTRUCTIONS)) {
 953                 total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_CYCLES, cpu, &rsd);
 954
 955                 if (total) {
 956                         ratio = avg / total;
 957                         print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, "%7.2f ",
 958                                         "insn per cycle", ratio);
 959                 } else {
 960                         print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, "insn per cycle", 0);
 961                 }
 962
 963                 total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_STALLED_CYCLES_FRONT, cpu, &rsd);
 964
 965                 total = max(total, runtime_stat_avg(st,
 966                                                     STAT_STALLED_CYCLES_BACK,
 967                                                     cpu, &rsd));
 968
 969                 if (total && avg) {
 970                         out->new_line(config, ctxp);
 971                         ratio = total / avg;
 972                         print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, "%7.2f ",
 973                                         "stalled cycles per insn",
 974                                         ratio);
 975                 }
 976         } else if (evsel__match(evsel, HARDWARE, HW_BRANCH_MISSES)) {
 977                 if (runtime_stat_n(st, STAT_BRANCHES, cpu, &rsd) != 0)
 978                         print_branch_misses(config, cpu, avg, out, st, &rsd);
 979                 else
 980                         print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, "of all branches", 0);
 981         } else if (
 982                 evsel->core.attr.type == PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE &&
 983                 evsel->core.attr.config ==  ( PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_L1D |
 984                                         ((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ) << 8) |
 985                                          ((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS) << 16))) {
 986
 987                 if (runtime_stat_n(st, STAT_L1_DCACHE, cpu, &rsd) != 0)
 988                         print_l1_dcache_misses(config, cpu, avg, out, st, &rsd);
 989                 else
 990                         print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, "of all L1-dcache accesses", 0);
 991         } else if (
 992                 evsel->core.attr.type == PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE &&
 993                 evsel->core.attr.config ==  ( PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_L1I |
 994                                         ((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ) << 8) |
 995                                          ((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS) << 16))) {
 996
 997                 if (runtime_stat_n(st, STAT_L1_ICACHE, cpu, &rsd) != 0)
 998                         print_l1_icache_misses(config, cpu, avg, out, st, &rsd);
 999                 else
1000                         print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, "of all L1-icache accesses", 0);
1001         } else if (
1002                 evsel->core.attr.type == PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE &&
1003                 evsel->core.attr.config ==  ( PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_DTLB |
1004                                         ((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ) << 8) |
1005                                          ((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS) << 16))) {
1006
1007                 if (runtime_stat_n(st, STAT_DTLB_CACHE, cpu, &rsd) != 0)
1008                         print_dtlb_cache_misses(config, cpu, avg, out, st, &rsd);
1009                 else
1010                         print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, "of all dTLB cache accesses", 0);
1011         } else if (
1012                 evsel->core.attr.type == PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE &&
1013                 evsel->core.attr.config ==  ( PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_ITLB |
1014                                         ((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ) << 8) |
1015                                          ((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS) << 16))) {
1016
1017                 if (runtime_stat_n(st, STAT_ITLB_CACHE, cpu, &rsd) != 0)
1018                         print_itlb_cache_misses(config, cpu, avg, out, st, &rsd);
1019                 else
1020                         print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, "of all iTLB cache accesses", 0);
1021         } else if (
1022                 evsel->core.attr.type == PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE &&
1023                 evsel->core.attr.config ==  ( PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_LL |
1024                                         ((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ) << 8) |
1025                                          ((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS) << 16))) {
1026
1027                 if (runtime_stat_n(st, STAT_LL_CACHE, cpu, &rsd) != 0)
1028                         print_ll_cache_misses(config, cpu, avg, out, st, &rsd);
1029                 else
1030                         print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, "of all LL-cache accesses", 0);
1031         } else if (evsel__match(evsel, HARDWARE, HW_CACHE_MISSES)) {
1032                 total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_CACHEREFS, cpu, &rsd);
1033
1034                 if (total)
1035                         ratio = avg * 100 / total;
1036
1037                 if (runtime_stat_n(st, STAT_CACHEREFS, cpu, &rsd) != 0)
1038                         print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, "%8.3f %%",
1039                                      "of all cache refs", ratio);
1040                 else
1041                         print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, "of all cache refs", 0);
1042         } else if (evsel__match(evsel, HARDWARE, HW_STALLED_CYCLES_FRONTEND)) {
1043                 print_stalled_cycles_frontend(config, cpu, avg, out, st, &rsd);
1044         } else if (evsel__match(evsel, HARDWARE, HW_STALLED_CYCLES_BACKEND)) {
1045                 print_stalled_cycles_backend(config, cpu, avg, out, st, &rsd);
1046         } else if (evsel__match(evsel, HARDWARE, HW_CPU_CYCLES)) {
1047                 total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_NSECS, cpu, &rsd);
1048
1049                 if (total) {
1050                         ratio = avg / total;
1051                         print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, "%8.3f", "GHz", ratio);
1052                 } else {
1053                         print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, "Ghz", 0);
1054                 }
1055         } else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, CYCLES_IN_TX)) {
1056                 total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_CYCLES, cpu, &rsd);
1057
1058                 if (total)
1059                         print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL,
1060                                         "%7.2f%%", "transactional cycles",
1061                                         100.0 * (avg / total));
1062                 else
1063                         print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, "transactional cycles",
1064                                      0);
1065         } else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, CYCLES_IN_TX_CP)) {
1066                 total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_CYCLES, cpu, &rsd);
1067                 total2 = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_CYCLES_IN_TX, cpu, &rsd);
1068
1069                 if (total2 < avg)
1070                         total2 = avg;
1071                 if (total)
1072                         print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, "%7.2f%%", "aborted cycles",
1073                                 100.0 * ((total2-avg) / total));
1074                 else
1075                         print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, "aborted cycles", 0);
1076         } else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, TRANSACTION_START)) {
1077                 total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_CYCLES_IN_TX, cpu, &rsd);
1078
1079                 if (avg)
1080                         ratio = total / avg;
1081
1082                 if (runtime_stat_n(st, STAT_CYCLES_IN_TX, cpu, &rsd) != 0)
1083                         print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, "%8.0f",
1084                                      "cycles / transaction", ratio);
1085                 else
1086                         print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, "cycles / transaction",
1087                                       0);
1088         } else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, ELISION_START)) {
1089                 total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_CYCLES_IN_TX, cpu, &rsd);
1090
1091                 if (avg)
1092                         ratio = total / avg;
1093
1094                 print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, "%8.0f", "cycles / elision", ratio);
1095         } else if (evsel__is_clock(evsel)) {
1096                 if ((ratio = avg_stats(&walltime_nsecs_stats)) != 0)
1097                         print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, "%8.3f", "CPUs utilized",
1098                                      avg / (ratio * evsel->scale));
1099                 else
1100                         print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, "CPUs utilized", 0);
1101         } else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, TOPDOWN_FETCH_BUBBLES)) {
1102                 double fe_bound = td_fe_bound(cpu, st, &rsd);
1103
1104                 if (fe_bound > 0.2)
1105                         color = PERF_COLOR_RED;
1106                 print_metric(config, ctxp, color, "%8.1f%%", "frontend bound",
1107                                 fe_bound * 100.);
1108         } else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, TOPDOWN_SLOTS_RETIRED)) {
1109                 double retiring = td_retiring(cpu, st, &rsd);
1110
1111                 if (retiring > 0.7)
1112                         color = PERF_COLOR_GREEN;
1113                 print_metric(config, ctxp, color, "%8.1f%%", "retiring",
1114                                 retiring * 100.);
1115         } else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, TOPDOWN_RECOVERY_BUBBLES)) {
1116                 double bad_spec = td_bad_spec(cpu, st, &rsd);
1117
1118                 if (bad_spec > 0.1)
1119                         color = PERF_COLOR_RED;
1120                 print_metric(config, ctxp, color, "%8.1f%%", "bad speculation",
1121                                 bad_spec * 100.);
1122         } else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, TOPDOWN_SLOTS_ISSUED)) {
1123                 double be_bound = td_be_bound(cpu, st, &rsd);
1124                 const char *name = "backend bound";
1125                 static int have_recovery_bubbles = -1;
1126
1127                 /* In case the CPU does not support topdown-recovery-bubbles */
1128                 if (have_recovery_bubbles < 0)
1129                         have_recovery_bubbles = pmu_have_event("cpu",
1130                                         "topdown-recovery-bubbles");
1131                 if (!have_recovery_bubbles)
1132                         name = "backend bound/bad spec";
1133
1134                 if (be_bound > 0.2)
1135                         color = PERF_COLOR_RED;
1136                 if (td_total_slots(cpu, st, &rsd) > 0)
1137                         print_metric(config, ctxp, color, "%8.1f%%", name,
1138                                         be_bound * 100.);
1139                 else
1140                         print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, name, 0);
1141         } else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, TOPDOWN_RETIRING) &&
1142                    full_td(cpu, st, &rsd)) {
1143                 double retiring = td_metric_ratio(cpu,
1144                                                   STAT_TOPDOWN_RETIRING, st,
1145                                                   &rsd);
1146                 if (retiring > 0.7)
1147                         color = PERF_COLOR_GREEN;
1148                 print_metric(config, ctxp, color, "%8.1f%%", "retiring",
1149                                 retiring * 100.);
1150         } else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, TOPDOWN_FE_BOUND) &&
1151                    full_td(cpu, st, &rsd)) {
1152                 double fe_bound = td_metric_ratio(cpu,
1153                                                   STAT_TOPDOWN_FE_BOUND, st,
1154                                                   &rsd);
1155                 if (fe_bound > 0.2)
1156                         color = PERF_COLOR_RED;
1157                 print_metric(config, ctxp, color, "%8.1f%%", "frontend bound",
1158                                 fe_bound * 100.);
1159         } else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, TOPDOWN_BE_BOUND) &&
1160                    full_td(cpu, st, &rsd)) {
1161                 double be_bound = td_metric_ratio(cpu,
1162                                                   STAT_TOPDOWN_BE_BOUND, st,
1163                                                   &rsd);
1164                 if (be_bound > 0.2)
1165                         color = PERF_COLOR_RED;
1166                 print_metric(config, ctxp, color, "%8.1f%%", "backend bound",
1167                                 be_bound * 100.);
1168         } else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, TOPDOWN_BAD_SPEC) &&
1169                    full_td(cpu, st, &rsd)) {
1170                 double bad_spec = td_metric_ratio(cpu,
1171                                                   STAT_TOPDOWN_BAD_SPEC, st,
1172                                                   &rsd);
1173                 if (bad_spec > 0.1)
1174                         color = PERF_COLOR_RED;
1175                 print_metric(config, ctxp, color, "%8.1f%%", "bad speculation",
1176                                 bad_spec * 100.);
1177         } else if (evsel->metric_expr) {
1178                 generic_metric(config, evsel->metric_expr, evsel->metric_events, NULL,
1179                                 evsel->name, evsel->metric_name, NULL, 1, cpu, out, st);
1180         } else if (runtime_stat_n(st, STAT_NSECS, cpu, &rsd) != 0) {
1181                 char unit = 'M';
1182                 char unit_buf[10];
1183
1184                 total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_NSECS, cpu, &rsd);
1185
1186                 if (total)
1187                         ratio = 1000.0 * avg / total;
1188                 if (ratio < 0.001) {
1189                         ratio *= 1000;
1190                         unit = 'K';
1191                 }
1192                 snprintf(unit_buf, sizeof(unit_buf), "%c/sec", unit);
1193                 print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, "%8.3f", unit_buf, ratio);
1194         } else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, SMI_NUM)) {
1195                 print_smi_cost(config, cpu, out, st, &rsd);
1196         } else {
1197                 num = 0;
1198         }
1199
1200         if ((me = metricgroup__lookup(metric_events, evsel, false)) != NULL) {
1201                 struct metric_expr *mexp;
1202
1203                 list_for_each_entry (mexp, &me->head, nd) {
1204                         if (num++ > 0)
1205                                 out->new_line(config, ctxp);
1206                         generic_metric(config, mexp->metric_expr, mexp->metric_events,
1207                                         mexp->metric_refs, evsel->name, mexp->metric_name,
1208                                         mexp->metric_unit, mexp->runtime, cpu, out, st);
1209                 }
1210         }
1211         if (num == 0)
1212                 print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0);
1213 }