4 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5 tool for inspection and simple manipulation of eBPF progs
6 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
13 **bpftool** [*OPTIONS*] **prog** *COMMAND*
15 *OPTIONS* := { { **-j** | **--json** } [{ **-p** | **--pretty** }] | { **-d** | **--debug** } |
16 { **-f** | **--bpffs** } | { **-m** | **--mapcompat** } | { **-n** | **--nomount** } |
17 { **-L** | **--use-loader** } }
20 { **show** | **list** | **dump xlated** | **dump jited** | **pin** | **load**
21 | **loadall** | **help** }
26 | **bpftool** **prog** { **show** | **list** } [*PROG*]
27 | **bpftool** **prog dump xlated** *PROG* [{**file** *FILE* | **opcodes** | **visual** | **linum**}]
28 | **bpftool** **prog dump jited** *PROG* [{**file** *FILE* | **opcodes** | **linum**}]
29 | **bpftool** **prog pin** *PROG* *FILE*
30 | **bpftool** **prog** { **load** | **loadall** } *OBJ* *PATH* [**type** *TYPE*] [**map** {**idx** *IDX* | **name** *NAME*} *MAP*] [**dev** *NAME*] [**pinmaps** *MAP_DIR*]
31 | **bpftool** **prog attach** *PROG* *ATTACH_TYPE* [*MAP*]
32 | **bpftool** **prog detach** *PROG* *ATTACH_TYPE* [*MAP*]
33 | **bpftool** **prog tracelog**
34 | **bpftool** **prog run** *PROG* **data_in** *FILE* [**data_out** *FILE* [**data_size_out** *L*]] [**ctx_in** *FILE* [**ctx_out** *FILE* [**ctx_size_out** *M*]]] [**repeat** *N*]
35 | **bpftool** **prog profile** *PROG* [**duration** *DURATION*] *METRICs*
36 | **bpftool** **prog help**
38 | *MAP* := { **id** *MAP_ID* | **pinned** *FILE* }
39 | *PROG* := { **id** *PROG_ID* | **pinned** *FILE* | **tag** *PROG_TAG* | **name** *PROG_NAME* }
41 | **socket** | **kprobe** | **kretprobe** | **classifier** | **action** |
42 | **tracepoint** | **raw_tracepoint** | **xdp** | **perf_event** | **cgroup/skb** |
43 | **cgroup/sock** | **cgroup/dev** | **lwt_in** | **lwt_out** | **lwt_xmit** |
44 | **lwt_seg6local** | **sockops** | **sk_skb** | **sk_msg** | **lirc_mode2** |
45 | **cgroup/bind4** | **cgroup/bind6** | **cgroup/post_bind4** | **cgroup/post_bind6** |
46 | **cgroup/connect4** | **cgroup/connect6** | **cgroup/getpeername4** | **cgroup/getpeername6** |
47 | **cgroup/getsockname4** | **cgroup/getsockname6** | **cgroup/sendmsg4** | **cgroup/sendmsg6** |
48 | **cgroup/recvmsg4** | **cgroup/recvmsg6** | **cgroup/sysctl** |
49 | **cgroup/getsockopt** | **cgroup/setsockopt** | **cgroup/sock_release** |
50 | **struct_ops** | **fentry** | **fexit** | **freplace** | **sk_lookup**
53 | **msg_verdict** | **skb_verdict** | **stream_verdict** | **stream_parser** | **flow_dissector**
56 | **cycles** | **instructions** | **l1d_loads** | **llc_misses**
62 **bpftool prog { show | list }** [*PROG*]
63 Show information about loaded programs. If *PROG* is
64 specified show information only about given programs,
65 otherwise list all programs currently loaded on the system.
66 In case of **tag** or **name**, *PROG* may match several
67 programs which will all be shown.
69 Output will start with program ID followed by program type and
70 zero or more named attributes (depending on kernel version).
72 Since Linux 5.1 the kernel can collect statistics on BPF
73 programs (such as the total time spent running the program,
74 and the number of times it was run). If available, bpftool
75 shows such statistics. However, the kernel does not collect
76 them by defaults, as it slightly impacts performance on each
77 program run. Activation or deactivation of the feature is
78 performed via the **kernel.bpf_stats_enabled** sysctl knob.
80 Since Linux 5.8 bpftool is able to discover information about
81 processes that hold open file descriptors (FDs) against BPF
82 programs. On such kernels bpftool will automatically emit this
85 **bpftool prog dump xlated** *PROG* [{ **file** *FILE* | **opcodes** | **visual** | **linum** }]
86 Dump eBPF instructions of the programs from the kernel. By
87 default, eBPF will be disassembled and printed to standard
88 output in human-readable format. In this case, **opcodes**
89 controls if raw opcodes should be printed as well.
91 In case of **tag** or **name**, *PROG* may match several
92 programs which will all be dumped. However, if **file** or
93 **visual** is specified, *PROG* must match a single program.
95 If **file** is specified, the binary image will instead be
98 If **visual** is specified, control flow graph (CFG) will be
99 built instead, and eBPF instructions will be presented with
100 CFG in DOT format, on standard output.
102 If the programs have line_info available, the source line will
103 be displayed by default. If **linum** is specified,
104 the filename, line number and line column will also be
105 displayed on top of the source line.
107 **bpftool prog dump jited** *PROG* [{ **file** *FILE* | **opcodes** | **linum** }]
108 Dump jited image (host machine code) of the program.
110 If *FILE* is specified image will be written to a file,
111 otherwise it will be disassembled and printed to stdout.
112 *PROG* must match a single program when **file** is specified.
114 **opcodes** controls if raw opcodes will be printed.
116 If the prog has line_info available, the source line will
117 be displayed by default. If **linum** is specified,
118 the filename, line number and line column will also be
119 displayed on top of the source line.
121 **bpftool prog pin** *PROG* *FILE*
122 Pin program *PROG* as *FILE*.
124 Note: *FILE* must be located in *bpffs* mount. It must not
125 contain a dot character ('.'), which is reserved for future
126 extensions of *bpffs*.
128 **bpftool prog { load | loadall }** *OBJ* *PATH* [**type** *TYPE*] [**map** {**idx** *IDX* | **name** *NAME*} *MAP*] [**dev** *NAME*] [**pinmaps** *MAP_DIR*]
129 Load bpf program(s) from binary *OBJ* and pin as *PATH*.
130 **bpftool prog load** pins only the first program from the
131 *OBJ* as *PATH*. **bpftool prog loadall** pins all programs
132 from the *OBJ* under *PATH* directory.
133 **type** is optional, if not specified program type will be
134 inferred from section names.
135 By default bpftool will create new maps as declared in the ELF
136 object being loaded. **map** parameter allows for the reuse
137 of existing maps. It can be specified multiple times, each
138 time for a different map. *IDX* refers to index of the map
139 to be replaced in the ELF file counting from 0, while *NAME*
140 allows to replace a map by name. *MAP* specifies the map to
141 use, referring to it by **id** or through a **pinned** file.
142 If **dev** *NAME* is specified program will be loaded onto
143 given networking device (offload).
144 Optional **pinmaps** argument can be provided to pin all
145 maps under *MAP_DIR* directory.
147 Note: *PATH* must be located in *bpffs* mount. It must not
148 contain a dot character ('.'), which is reserved for future
149 extensions of *bpffs*.
151 **bpftool prog attach** *PROG* *ATTACH_TYPE* [*MAP*]
152 Attach bpf program *PROG* (with type specified by
153 *ATTACH_TYPE*). Most *ATTACH_TYPEs* require a *MAP*
154 parameter, with the exception of *flow_dissector* which is
155 attached to current networking name space.
157 **bpftool prog detach** *PROG* *ATTACH_TYPE* [*MAP*]
158 Detach bpf program *PROG* (with type specified by
159 *ATTACH_TYPE*). Most *ATTACH_TYPEs* require a *MAP*
160 parameter, with the exception of *flow_dissector* which is
161 detached from the current networking name space.
163 **bpftool prog tracelog**
164 Dump the trace pipe of the system to the console (stdout).
165 Hit <Ctrl+C> to stop printing. BPF programs can write to this
166 trace pipe at runtime with the **bpf_trace_printk**\ () helper.
167 This should be used only for debugging purposes. For
168 streaming data from BPF programs to user space, one can use
169 perf events (see also **bpftool-map**\ (8)).
171 **bpftool prog run** *PROG* **data_in** *FILE* [**data_out** *FILE* [**data_size_out** *L*]] [**ctx_in** *FILE* [**ctx_out** *FILE* [**ctx_size_out** *M*]]] [**repeat** *N*]
172 Run BPF program *PROG* in the kernel testing infrastructure
173 for BPF, meaning that the program works on the data and
174 context provided by the user, and not on actual packets or
175 monitored functions etc. Return value and duration for the
176 test run are printed out to the console.
178 Input data is read from the *FILE* passed with **data_in**.
179 If this *FILE* is "**-**", input data is read from standard
180 input. Input context, if any, is read from *FILE* passed with
181 **ctx_in**. Again, "**-**" can be used to read from standard
182 input, but only if standard input is not already in use for
183 input data. If a *FILE* is passed with **data_out**, output
184 data is written to that file. Similarly, output context is
185 written to the *FILE* passed with **ctx_out**. For both
186 output flows, "**-**" can be used to print to the standard
187 output (as plain text, or JSON if relevant option was
188 passed). If output keywords are omitted, output data and
189 context are discarded. Keywords **data_size_out** and
190 **ctx_size_out** are used to pass the size (in bytes) for the
191 output buffers to the kernel, although the default of 32 kB
192 should be more than enough for most cases.
194 Keyword **repeat** is used to indicate the number of
195 consecutive runs to perform. Note that output data and
196 context printed to files correspond to the last of those
197 runs. The duration printed out at the end of the runs is an
198 average over all runs performed by the command.
200 Not all program types support test run. Among those which do,
201 not all of them can take the **ctx_in**/**ctx_out**
202 arguments. bpftool does not perform checks on program types.
204 **bpftool prog profile** *PROG* [**duration** *DURATION*] *METRICs*
205 Profile *METRICs* for bpf program *PROG* for *DURATION*
206 seconds or until user hits <Ctrl+C>. *DURATION* is optional.
207 If *DURATION* is not specified, the profiling will run up to
208 **UINT_MAX** seconds.
210 **bpftool prog help**
211 Print short help message.
215 .. include:: common_options.rst
218 When showing BPF programs, show file names of pinned
222 Allow loading maps with unknown map definitions.
225 Do not automatically attempt to mount any virtual file system
226 (such as tracefs or BPF virtual file system) when necessary.
229 Load program as a "loader" program. This is useful to debug
230 the generation of such programs. When this option is in
231 use, bpftool attempts to load the programs from the object
232 file into the kernel, but does not pin them (therefore, the
233 *PATH* must not be provided).
235 When combined with the **-d**\ \|\ **--debug** option,
236 additional debug messages are generated, and the execution
237 of the loader program will use the **bpf_trace_printk**\ ()
238 helper to log each step of loading BTF, creating the maps,
239 and loading the programs (see **bpftool prog tracelog** as
240 a way to dump those messages).
244 **# bpftool prog show**
248 10: xdp name some_prog tag 005a3d2123620c8b gpl run_time_ns 81632 run_cnt 10
249 loaded_at 2017-09-29T20:11:00+0000 uid 0
250 xlated 528B jited 370B memlock 4096B map_ids 10
253 **# bpftool --json --pretty prog show**
260 "tag": "005a3d2123620c8b",
261 "gpl_compatible": true,
262 "run_time_ns": 81632,
264 "loaded_at": 1506715860,
269 "bytes_memlock": 4096,
281 | **# bpftool prog dump xlated id 10 file /tmp/t**
286 -rw------- 1 root root 560 Jul 22 01:42 /tmp/t
288 **# bpftool prog dump jited tag 005a3d2123620c8b**
296 4: mov %rbx,0x0(%rbp)
299 | **# mount -t bpf none /sys/fs/bpf/**
300 | **# bpftool prog pin id 10 /sys/fs/bpf/prog**
301 | **# bpftool prog load ./my_prog.o /sys/fs/bpf/prog2**
302 | **# ls -l /sys/fs/bpf/**
306 -rw------- 1 root root 0 Jul 22 01:43 prog
307 -rw------- 1 root root 0 Jul 22 01:44 prog2
309 **# bpftool prog dump jited pinned /sys/fs/bpf/prog opcodes**
321 f: mov %rbx,0x0(%rbp)
325 | **# bpftool prog load xdp1_kern.o /sys/fs/bpf/xdp1 type xdp map name rxcnt id 7**
326 | **# bpftool prog show pinned /sys/fs/bpf/xdp1**
330 9: xdp name xdp_prog1 tag 539ec6ce11b52f98 gpl
331 loaded_at 2018-06-25T16:17:31-0700 uid 0
332 xlated 488B jited 336B memlock 4096B map_ids 7
334 **# rm /sys/fs/bpf/xdp1**
337 | **# bpftool prog profile id 337 duration 10 cycles instructions llc_misses**
342 40176203 cycles (83.05%)
343 42518139 instructions # 1.06 insns per cycle (83.39%)
344 123 llc_misses # 2.89 LLC misses per million insns (83.15%)
347 | Output below is for the trace logs.
348 | Run in separate terminals:
349 | **# bpftool prog tracelog**
350 | **# bpftool prog load -L -d file.o**
354 bpftool-620059 [004] d... 2634685.517903: bpf_trace_printk: btf_load size 665 r=5
355 bpftool-620059 [004] d... 2634685.517912: bpf_trace_printk: map_create sample_map idx 0 type 2 value_size 4 value_btf_id 0 r=6
356 bpftool-620059 [004] d... 2634685.517997: bpf_trace_printk: prog_load sample insn_cnt 13 r=7
357 bpftool-620059 [004] d... 2634685.517999: bpf_trace_printk: close(5) = 0