1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
2 // Copyright(c) 2018 Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
5 #include <linux/init.h>
6 #include <linux/mmzone.h>
7 #include <linux/random.h>
8 #include <linux/moduleparam.h>
12 DEFINE_STATIC_KEY_FALSE(page_alloc_shuffle_key);
14 static bool shuffle_param;
15 static int shuffle_show(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
17 return sprintf(buffer, "%c\n", shuffle_param ? 'Y' : 'N');
20 static __meminit int shuffle_store(const char *val,
21 const struct kernel_param *kp)
23 int rc = param_set_bool(val, kp);
28 static_branch_enable(&page_alloc_shuffle_key);
31 module_param_call(shuffle, shuffle_store, shuffle_show, &shuffle_param, 0400);
34 * For two pages to be swapped in the shuffle, they must be free (on a
35 * 'free_area' lru), have the same order, and have the same migratetype.
37 static struct page * __meminit shuffle_valid_page(struct zone *zone,
38 unsigned long pfn, int order)
40 struct page *page = pfn_to_online_page(pfn);
43 * Given we're dealing with randomly selected pfns in a zone we
44 * need to ask questions like...
47 /* ... is the page managed by the buddy? */
51 /* ... is the page assigned to the same zone? */
52 if (page_zone(page) != zone)
55 /* ...is the page free and currently on a free_area list? */
60 * ...is the page on the same list as the page we will
63 if (buddy_order(page) != order)
70 * Fisher-Yates shuffle the freelist which prescribes iterating through an
71 * array, pfns in this case, and randomly swapping each entry with another in
72 * the span, end_pfn - start_pfn.
74 * To keep the implementation simple it does not attempt to correct for sources
75 * of bias in the distribution, like modulo bias or pseudo-random number
76 * generator bias. I.e. the expectation is that this shuffling raises the bar
77 * for attacks that exploit the predictability of page allocations, but need not
78 * be a perfect shuffle.
80 #define SHUFFLE_RETRY 10
81 void __meminit __shuffle_zone(struct zone *z)
83 unsigned long i, flags;
84 unsigned long start_pfn = z->zone_start_pfn;
85 unsigned long end_pfn = zone_end_pfn(z);
86 const int order = SHUFFLE_ORDER;
87 const int order_pages = 1 << order;
89 spin_lock_irqsave(&z->lock, flags);
90 start_pfn = ALIGN(start_pfn, order_pages);
91 for (i = start_pfn; i < end_pfn; i += order_pages) {
93 int migratetype, retry;
94 struct page *page_i, *page_j;
97 * We expect page_i, in the sub-range of a zone being added
98 * (@start_pfn to @end_pfn), to more likely be valid compared to
99 * page_j randomly selected in the span @zone_start_pfn to
102 page_i = shuffle_valid_page(z, i, order);
106 for (retry = 0; retry < SHUFFLE_RETRY; retry++) {
108 * Pick a random order aligned page in the zone span as
109 * a swap target. If the selected pfn is a hole, retry
110 * up to SHUFFLE_RETRY attempts find a random valid pfn
113 j = z->zone_start_pfn +
114 ALIGN_DOWN(get_random_long() % z->spanned_pages,
116 page_j = shuffle_valid_page(z, j, order);
117 if (page_j && page_j != page_i)
120 if (retry >= SHUFFLE_RETRY) {
121 pr_debug("%s: failed to swap %#lx\n", __func__, i);
126 * Each migratetype corresponds to its own list, make sure the
127 * types match otherwise we're moving pages to lists where they
130 migratetype = get_pageblock_migratetype(page_i);
131 if (get_pageblock_migratetype(page_j) != migratetype) {
132 pr_debug("%s: migratetype mismatch %#lx\n", __func__, i);
136 list_swap(&page_i->lru, &page_j->lru);
138 pr_debug("%s: swap: %#lx -> %#lx\n", __func__, i, j);
140 /* take it easy on the zone lock */
141 if ((i % (100 * order_pages)) == 0) {
142 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&z->lock, flags);
144 spin_lock_irqsave(&z->lock, flags);
147 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&z->lock, flags);
151 * __shuffle_free_memory - reduce the predictability of the page allocator
152 * @pgdat: node page data
154 void __meminit __shuffle_free_memory(pg_data_t *pgdat)
158 for (z = pgdat->node_zones; z < pgdat->node_zones + MAX_NR_ZONES; z++)
162 bool shuffle_pick_tail(void)
169 * The lack of locking is deliberate. If 2 threads race to
170 * update the rand state it just adds to the entropy.
172 if (rand_bits == 0) {
174 rand = get_random_u64();