1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
2 // Copyright(c) 2018 Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
5 #include <linux/init.h>
6 #include <linux/mmzone.h>
7 #include <linux/random.h>
8 #include <linux/moduleparam.h>
12 DEFINE_STATIC_KEY_FALSE(page_alloc_shuffle_key);
13 static unsigned long shuffle_state __ro_after_init;
16 * Depending on the architecture, module parameter parsing may run
17 * before, or after the cache detection. SHUFFLE_FORCE_DISABLE prevents,
18 * or reverts the enabling of the shuffle implementation. SHUFFLE_ENABLE
19 * attempts to turn on the implementation, but aborts if it finds
20 * SHUFFLE_FORCE_DISABLE already set.
22 __meminit void page_alloc_shuffle(enum mm_shuffle_ctl ctl)
24 if (ctl == SHUFFLE_FORCE_DISABLE)
25 set_bit(SHUFFLE_FORCE_DISABLE, &shuffle_state);
27 if (test_bit(SHUFFLE_FORCE_DISABLE, &shuffle_state)) {
28 if (test_and_clear_bit(SHUFFLE_ENABLE, &shuffle_state))
29 static_branch_disable(&page_alloc_shuffle_key);
30 } else if (ctl == SHUFFLE_ENABLE
31 && !test_and_set_bit(SHUFFLE_ENABLE, &shuffle_state))
32 static_branch_enable(&page_alloc_shuffle_key);
35 static bool shuffle_param;
36 extern int shuffle_show(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
38 return sprintf(buffer, "%c\n", test_bit(SHUFFLE_ENABLE, &shuffle_state)
42 static __meminit int shuffle_store(const char *val,
43 const struct kernel_param *kp)
45 int rc = param_set_bool(val, kp);
50 page_alloc_shuffle(SHUFFLE_ENABLE);
52 page_alloc_shuffle(SHUFFLE_FORCE_DISABLE);
55 module_param_call(shuffle, shuffle_store, shuffle_show, &shuffle_param, 0400);
58 * For two pages to be swapped in the shuffle, they must be free (on a
59 * 'free_area' lru), have the same order, and have the same migratetype.
61 static struct page * __meminit shuffle_valid_page(unsigned long pfn, int order)
66 * Given we're dealing with randomly selected pfns in a zone we
67 * need to ask questions like...
70 /* ...is the pfn even in the memmap? */
71 if (!pfn_valid_within(pfn))
74 /* ...is the pfn in a present section or a hole? */
75 if (!pfn_present(pfn))
78 /* ...is the page free and currently on a free_area list? */
79 page = pfn_to_page(pfn);
84 * ...is the page on the same list as the page we will
87 if (page_order(page) != order)
94 * Fisher-Yates shuffle the freelist which prescribes iterating through an
95 * array, pfns in this case, and randomly swapping each entry with another in
96 * the span, end_pfn - start_pfn.
98 * To keep the implementation simple it does not attempt to correct for sources
99 * of bias in the distribution, like modulo bias or pseudo-random number
100 * generator bias. I.e. the expectation is that this shuffling raises the bar
101 * for attacks that exploit the predictability of page allocations, but need not
102 * be a perfect shuffle.
104 #define SHUFFLE_RETRY 10
105 void __meminit __shuffle_zone(struct zone *z)
107 unsigned long i, flags;
108 unsigned long start_pfn = z->zone_start_pfn;
109 unsigned long end_pfn = zone_end_pfn(z);
110 const int order = SHUFFLE_ORDER;
111 const int order_pages = 1 << order;
113 spin_lock_irqsave(&z->lock, flags);
114 start_pfn = ALIGN(start_pfn, order_pages);
115 for (i = start_pfn; i < end_pfn; i += order_pages) {
117 int migratetype, retry;
118 struct page *page_i, *page_j;
121 * We expect page_i, in the sub-range of a zone being added
122 * (@start_pfn to @end_pfn), to more likely be valid compared to
123 * page_j randomly selected in the span @zone_start_pfn to
126 page_i = shuffle_valid_page(i, order);
130 for (retry = 0; retry < SHUFFLE_RETRY; retry++) {
132 * Pick a random order aligned page in the zone span as
133 * a swap target. If the selected pfn is a hole, retry
134 * up to SHUFFLE_RETRY attempts find a random valid pfn
137 j = z->zone_start_pfn +
138 ALIGN_DOWN(get_random_long() % z->spanned_pages,
140 page_j = shuffle_valid_page(j, order);
141 if (page_j && page_j != page_i)
144 if (retry >= SHUFFLE_RETRY) {
145 pr_debug("%s: failed to swap %#lx\n", __func__, i);
150 * Each migratetype corresponds to its own list, make sure the
151 * types match otherwise we're moving pages to lists where they
154 migratetype = get_pageblock_migratetype(page_i);
155 if (get_pageblock_migratetype(page_j) != migratetype) {
156 pr_debug("%s: migratetype mismatch %#lx\n", __func__, i);
160 list_swap(&page_i->lru, &page_j->lru);
162 pr_debug("%s: swap: %#lx -> %#lx\n", __func__, i, j);
164 /* take it easy on the zone lock */
165 if ((i % (100 * order_pages)) == 0) {
166 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&z->lock, flags);
168 spin_lock_irqsave(&z->lock, flags);
171 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&z->lock, flags);
175 * shuffle_free_memory - reduce the predictability of the page allocator
176 * @pgdat: node page data
178 void __meminit __shuffle_free_memory(pg_data_t *pgdat)
182 for (z = pgdat->node_zones; z < pgdat->node_zones + MAX_NR_ZONES; z++)
186 void add_to_free_area_random(struct page *page, struct free_area *area,
193 * The lack of locking is deliberate. If 2 threads race to
194 * update the rand state it just adds to the entropy.
196 if (rand_bits == 0) {
198 rand = get_random_u64();
202 add_to_free_area(page, area, migratetype);
204 add_to_free_area_tail(page, area, migratetype);