serial: sirf: Use generic uart-has-rtscts DT property
[linux-2.6-microblaze.git] / mm / page-writeback.c
1 /*
2  * mm/page-writeback.c
3  *
4  * Copyright (C) 2002, Linus Torvalds.
5  * Copyright (C) 2007 Red Hat, Inc., Peter Zijlstra
6  *
7  * Contains functions related to writing back dirty pages at the
8  * address_space level.
9  *
10  * 10Apr2002    Andrew Morton
11  *              Initial version
12  */
13
14 #include <linux/kernel.h>
15 #include <linux/export.h>
16 #include <linux/spinlock.h>
17 #include <linux/fs.h>
18 #include <linux/mm.h>
19 #include <linux/swap.h>
20 #include <linux/slab.h>
21 #include <linux/pagemap.h>
22 #include <linux/writeback.h>
23 #include <linux/init.h>
24 #include <linux/backing-dev.h>
25 #include <linux/task_io_accounting_ops.h>
26 #include <linux/blkdev.h>
27 #include <linux/mpage.h>
28 #include <linux/rmap.h>
29 #include <linux/percpu.h>
30 #include <linux/notifier.h>
31 #include <linux/smp.h>
32 #include <linux/sysctl.h>
33 #include <linux/cpu.h>
34 #include <linux/syscalls.h>
35 #include <linux/buffer_head.h> /* __set_page_dirty_buffers */
36 #include <linux/pagevec.h>
37 #include <linux/timer.h>
38 #include <linux/sched/rt.h>
39 #include <linux/mm_inline.h>
40 #include <trace/events/writeback.h>
41
42 #include "internal.h"
43
44 /*
45  * Sleep at most 200ms at a time in balance_dirty_pages().
46  */
47 #define MAX_PAUSE               max(HZ/5, 1)
48
49 /*
50  * Try to keep balance_dirty_pages() call intervals higher than this many pages
51  * by raising pause time to max_pause when falls below it.
52  */
53 #define DIRTY_POLL_THRESH       (128 >> (PAGE_SHIFT - 10))
54
55 /*
56  * Estimate write bandwidth at 200ms intervals.
57  */
58 #define BANDWIDTH_INTERVAL      max(HZ/5, 1)
59
60 #define RATELIMIT_CALC_SHIFT    10
61
62 /*
63  * After a CPU has dirtied this many pages, balance_dirty_pages_ratelimited
64  * will look to see if it needs to force writeback or throttling.
65  */
66 static long ratelimit_pages = 32;
67
68 /* The following parameters are exported via /proc/sys/vm */
69
70 /*
71  * Start background writeback (via writeback threads) at this percentage
72  */
73 int dirty_background_ratio = 10;
74
75 /*
76  * dirty_background_bytes starts at 0 (disabled) so that it is a function of
77  * dirty_background_ratio * the amount of dirtyable memory
78  */
79 unsigned long dirty_background_bytes;
80
81 /*
82  * free highmem will not be subtracted from the total free memory
83  * for calculating free ratios if vm_highmem_is_dirtyable is true
84  */
85 int vm_highmem_is_dirtyable;
86
87 /*
88  * The generator of dirty data starts writeback at this percentage
89  */
90 int vm_dirty_ratio = 20;
91
92 /*
93  * vm_dirty_bytes starts at 0 (disabled) so that it is a function of
94  * vm_dirty_ratio * the amount of dirtyable memory
95  */
96 unsigned long vm_dirty_bytes;
97
98 /*
99  * The interval between `kupdate'-style writebacks
100  */
101 unsigned int dirty_writeback_interval = 5 * 100; /* centiseconds */
102
103 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(dirty_writeback_interval);
104
105 /*
106  * The longest time for which data is allowed to remain dirty
107  */
108 unsigned int dirty_expire_interval = 30 * 100; /* centiseconds */
109
110 /*
111  * Flag that makes the machine dump writes/reads and block dirtyings.
112  */
113 int block_dump;
114
115 /*
116  * Flag that puts the machine in "laptop mode". Doubles as a timeout in jiffies:
117  * a full sync is triggered after this time elapses without any disk activity.
118  */
119 int laptop_mode;
120
121 EXPORT_SYMBOL(laptop_mode);
122
123 /* End of sysctl-exported parameters */
124
125 struct wb_domain global_wb_domain;
126
127 /* consolidated parameters for balance_dirty_pages() and its subroutines */
128 struct dirty_throttle_control {
129 #ifdef CONFIG_CGROUP_WRITEBACK
130         struct wb_domain        *dom;
131         struct dirty_throttle_control *gdtc;    /* only set in memcg dtc's */
132 #endif
133         struct bdi_writeback    *wb;
134         struct fprop_local_percpu *wb_completions;
135
136         unsigned long           avail;          /* dirtyable */
137         unsigned long           dirty;          /* file_dirty + write + nfs */
138         unsigned long           thresh;         /* dirty threshold */
139         unsigned long           bg_thresh;      /* dirty background threshold */
140
141         unsigned long           wb_dirty;       /* per-wb counterparts */
142         unsigned long           wb_thresh;
143         unsigned long           wb_bg_thresh;
144
145         unsigned long           pos_ratio;
146 };
147
148 /*
149  * Length of period for aging writeout fractions of bdis. This is an
150  * arbitrarily chosen number. The longer the period, the slower fractions will
151  * reflect changes in current writeout rate.
152  */
153 #define VM_COMPLETIONS_PERIOD_LEN (3*HZ)
154
155 #ifdef CONFIG_CGROUP_WRITEBACK
156
157 #define GDTC_INIT(__wb)         .wb = (__wb),                           \
158                                 .dom = &global_wb_domain,               \
159                                 .wb_completions = &(__wb)->completions
160
161 #define GDTC_INIT_NO_WB         .dom = &global_wb_domain
162
163 #define MDTC_INIT(__wb, __gdtc) .wb = (__wb),                           \
164                                 .dom = mem_cgroup_wb_domain(__wb),      \
165                                 .wb_completions = &(__wb)->memcg_completions, \
166                                 .gdtc = __gdtc
167
168 static bool mdtc_valid(struct dirty_throttle_control *dtc)
169 {
170         return dtc->dom;
171 }
172
173 static struct wb_domain *dtc_dom(struct dirty_throttle_control *dtc)
174 {
175         return dtc->dom;
176 }
177
178 static struct dirty_throttle_control *mdtc_gdtc(struct dirty_throttle_control *mdtc)
179 {
180         return mdtc->gdtc;
181 }
182
183 static struct fprop_local_percpu *wb_memcg_completions(struct bdi_writeback *wb)
184 {
185         return &wb->memcg_completions;
186 }
187
188 static void wb_min_max_ratio(struct bdi_writeback *wb,
189                              unsigned long *minp, unsigned long *maxp)
190 {
191         unsigned long this_bw = wb->avg_write_bandwidth;
192         unsigned long tot_bw = atomic_long_read(&wb->bdi->tot_write_bandwidth);
193         unsigned long long min = wb->bdi->min_ratio;
194         unsigned long long max = wb->bdi->max_ratio;
195
196         /*
197          * @wb may already be clean by the time control reaches here and
198          * the total may not include its bw.
199          */
200         if (this_bw < tot_bw) {
201                 if (min) {
202                         min *= this_bw;
203                         do_div(min, tot_bw);
204                 }
205                 if (max < 100) {
206                         max *= this_bw;
207                         do_div(max, tot_bw);
208                 }
209         }
210
211         *minp = min;
212         *maxp = max;
213 }
214
215 #else   /* CONFIG_CGROUP_WRITEBACK */
216
217 #define GDTC_INIT(__wb)         .wb = (__wb),                           \
218                                 .wb_completions = &(__wb)->completions
219 #define GDTC_INIT_NO_WB
220 #define MDTC_INIT(__wb, __gdtc)
221
222 static bool mdtc_valid(struct dirty_throttle_control *dtc)
223 {
224         return false;
225 }
226
227 static struct wb_domain *dtc_dom(struct dirty_throttle_control *dtc)
228 {
229         return &global_wb_domain;
230 }
231
232 static struct dirty_throttle_control *mdtc_gdtc(struct dirty_throttle_control *mdtc)
233 {
234         return NULL;
235 }
236
237 static struct fprop_local_percpu *wb_memcg_completions(struct bdi_writeback *wb)
238 {
239         return NULL;
240 }
241
242 static void wb_min_max_ratio(struct bdi_writeback *wb,
243                              unsigned long *minp, unsigned long *maxp)
244 {
245         *minp = wb->bdi->min_ratio;
246         *maxp = wb->bdi->max_ratio;
247 }
248
249 #endif  /* CONFIG_CGROUP_WRITEBACK */
250
251 /*
252  * In a memory zone, there is a certain amount of pages we consider
253  * available for the page cache, which is essentially the number of
254  * free and reclaimable pages, minus some zone reserves to protect
255  * lowmem and the ability to uphold the zone's watermarks without
256  * requiring writeback.
257  *
258  * This number of dirtyable pages is the base value of which the
259  * user-configurable dirty ratio is the effictive number of pages that
260  * are allowed to be actually dirtied.  Per individual zone, or
261  * globally by using the sum of dirtyable pages over all zones.
262  *
263  * Because the user is allowed to specify the dirty limit globally as
264  * absolute number of bytes, calculating the per-zone dirty limit can
265  * require translating the configured limit into a percentage of
266  * global dirtyable memory first.
267  */
268
269 /**
270  * zone_dirtyable_memory - number of dirtyable pages in a zone
271  * @zone: the zone
272  *
273  * Returns the zone's number of pages potentially available for dirty
274  * page cache.  This is the base value for the per-zone dirty limits.
275  */
276 static unsigned long zone_dirtyable_memory(struct zone *zone)
277 {
278         unsigned long nr_pages;
279
280         nr_pages = zone_page_state(zone, NR_FREE_PAGES);
281         /*
282          * Pages reserved for the kernel should not be considered
283          * dirtyable, to prevent a situation where reclaim has to
284          * clean pages in order to balance the zones.
285          */
286         nr_pages -= min(nr_pages, zone->totalreserve_pages);
287
288         nr_pages += zone_page_state(zone, NR_INACTIVE_FILE);
289         nr_pages += zone_page_state(zone, NR_ACTIVE_FILE);
290
291         return nr_pages;
292 }
293
294 static unsigned long highmem_dirtyable_memory(unsigned long total)
295 {
296 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
297         int node;
298         unsigned long x = 0;
299
300         for_each_node_state(node, N_HIGH_MEMORY) {
301                 struct zone *z = &NODE_DATA(node)->node_zones[ZONE_HIGHMEM];
302
303                 x += zone_dirtyable_memory(z);
304         }
305         /*
306          * Unreclaimable memory (kernel memory or anonymous memory
307          * without swap) can bring down the dirtyable pages below
308          * the zone's dirty balance reserve and the above calculation
309          * will underflow.  However we still want to add in nodes
310          * which are below threshold (negative values) to get a more
311          * accurate calculation but make sure that the total never
312          * underflows.
313          */
314         if ((long)x < 0)
315                 x = 0;
316
317         /*
318          * Make sure that the number of highmem pages is never larger
319          * than the number of the total dirtyable memory. This can only
320          * occur in very strange VM situations but we want to make sure
321          * that this does not occur.
322          */
323         return min(x, total);
324 #else
325         return 0;
326 #endif
327 }
328
329 /**
330  * global_dirtyable_memory - number of globally dirtyable pages
331  *
332  * Returns the global number of pages potentially available for dirty
333  * page cache.  This is the base value for the global dirty limits.
334  */
335 static unsigned long global_dirtyable_memory(void)
336 {
337         unsigned long x;
338
339         x = global_page_state(NR_FREE_PAGES);
340         /*
341          * Pages reserved for the kernel should not be considered
342          * dirtyable, to prevent a situation where reclaim has to
343          * clean pages in order to balance the zones.
344          */
345         x -= min(x, totalreserve_pages);
346
347         x += global_page_state(NR_INACTIVE_FILE);
348         x += global_page_state(NR_ACTIVE_FILE);
349
350         if (!vm_highmem_is_dirtyable)
351                 x -= highmem_dirtyable_memory(x);
352
353         return x + 1;   /* Ensure that we never return 0 */
354 }
355
356 /**
357  * domain_dirty_limits - calculate thresh and bg_thresh for a wb_domain
358  * @dtc: dirty_throttle_control of interest
359  *
360  * Calculate @dtc->thresh and ->bg_thresh considering
361  * vm_dirty_{bytes|ratio} and dirty_background_{bytes|ratio}.  The caller
362  * must ensure that @dtc->avail is set before calling this function.  The
363  * dirty limits will be lifted by 1/4 for PF_LESS_THROTTLE (ie. nfsd) and
364  * real-time tasks.
365  */
366 static void domain_dirty_limits(struct dirty_throttle_control *dtc)
367 {
368         const unsigned long available_memory = dtc->avail;
369         struct dirty_throttle_control *gdtc = mdtc_gdtc(dtc);
370         unsigned long bytes = vm_dirty_bytes;
371         unsigned long bg_bytes = dirty_background_bytes;
372         unsigned long ratio = vm_dirty_ratio;
373         unsigned long bg_ratio = dirty_background_ratio;
374         unsigned long thresh;
375         unsigned long bg_thresh;
376         struct task_struct *tsk;
377
378         /* gdtc is !NULL iff @dtc is for memcg domain */
379         if (gdtc) {
380                 unsigned long global_avail = gdtc->avail;
381
382                 /*
383                  * The byte settings can't be applied directly to memcg
384                  * domains.  Convert them to ratios by scaling against
385                  * globally available memory.
386                  */
387                 if (bytes)
388                         ratio = min(DIV_ROUND_UP(bytes, PAGE_SIZE) * 100 /
389                                     global_avail, 100UL);
390                 if (bg_bytes)
391                         bg_ratio = min(DIV_ROUND_UP(bg_bytes, PAGE_SIZE) * 100 /
392                                        global_avail, 100UL);
393                 bytes = bg_bytes = 0;
394         }
395
396         if (bytes)
397                 thresh = DIV_ROUND_UP(bytes, PAGE_SIZE);
398         else
399                 thresh = (ratio * available_memory) / 100;
400
401         if (bg_bytes)
402                 bg_thresh = DIV_ROUND_UP(bg_bytes, PAGE_SIZE);
403         else
404                 bg_thresh = (bg_ratio * available_memory) / 100;
405
406         if (bg_thresh >= thresh)
407                 bg_thresh = thresh / 2;
408         tsk = current;
409         if (tsk->flags & PF_LESS_THROTTLE || rt_task(tsk)) {
410                 bg_thresh += bg_thresh / 4;
411                 thresh += thresh / 4;
412         }
413         dtc->thresh = thresh;
414         dtc->bg_thresh = bg_thresh;
415
416         /* we should eventually report the domain in the TP */
417         if (!gdtc)
418                 trace_global_dirty_state(bg_thresh, thresh);
419 }
420
421 /**
422  * global_dirty_limits - background-writeback and dirty-throttling thresholds
423  * @pbackground: out parameter for bg_thresh
424  * @pdirty: out parameter for thresh
425  *
426  * Calculate bg_thresh and thresh for global_wb_domain.  See
427  * domain_dirty_limits() for details.
428  */
429 void global_dirty_limits(unsigned long *pbackground, unsigned long *pdirty)
430 {
431         struct dirty_throttle_control gdtc = { GDTC_INIT_NO_WB };
432
433         gdtc.avail = global_dirtyable_memory();
434         domain_dirty_limits(&gdtc);
435
436         *pbackground = gdtc.bg_thresh;
437         *pdirty = gdtc.thresh;
438 }
439
440 /**
441  * zone_dirty_limit - maximum number of dirty pages allowed in a zone
442  * @zone: the zone
443  *
444  * Returns the maximum number of dirty pages allowed in a zone, based
445  * on the zone's dirtyable memory.
446  */
447 static unsigned long zone_dirty_limit(struct zone *zone)
448 {
449         unsigned long zone_memory = zone_dirtyable_memory(zone);
450         struct task_struct *tsk = current;
451         unsigned long dirty;
452
453         if (vm_dirty_bytes)
454                 dirty = DIV_ROUND_UP(vm_dirty_bytes, PAGE_SIZE) *
455                         zone_memory / global_dirtyable_memory();
456         else
457                 dirty = vm_dirty_ratio * zone_memory / 100;
458
459         if (tsk->flags & PF_LESS_THROTTLE || rt_task(tsk))
460                 dirty += dirty / 4;
461
462         return dirty;
463 }
464
465 /**
466  * zone_dirty_ok - tells whether a zone is within its dirty limits
467  * @zone: the zone to check
468  *
469  * Returns %true when the dirty pages in @zone are within the zone's
470  * dirty limit, %false if the limit is exceeded.
471  */
472 bool zone_dirty_ok(struct zone *zone)
473 {
474         unsigned long limit = zone_dirty_limit(zone);
475
476         return zone_page_state(zone, NR_FILE_DIRTY) +
477                zone_page_state(zone, NR_UNSTABLE_NFS) +
478                zone_page_state(zone, NR_WRITEBACK) <= limit;
479 }
480
481 int dirty_background_ratio_handler(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
482                 void __user *buffer, size_t *lenp,
483                 loff_t *ppos)
484 {
485         int ret;
486
487         ret = proc_dointvec_minmax(table, write, buffer, lenp, ppos);
488         if (ret == 0 && write)
489                 dirty_background_bytes = 0;
490         return ret;
491 }
492
493 int dirty_background_bytes_handler(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
494                 void __user *buffer, size_t *lenp,
495                 loff_t *ppos)
496 {
497         int ret;
498
499         ret = proc_doulongvec_minmax(table, write, buffer, lenp, ppos);
500         if (ret == 0 && write)
501                 dirty_background_ratio = 0;
502         return ret;
503 }
504
505 int dirty_ratio_handler(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
506                 void __user *buffer, size_t *lenp,
507                 loff_t *ppos)
508 {
509         int old_ratio = vm_dirty_ratio;
510         int ret;
511
512         ret = proc_dointvec_minmax(table, write, buffer, lenp, ppos);
513         if (ret == 0 && write && vm_dirty_ratio != old_ratio) {
514                 writeback_set_ratelimit();
515                 vm_dirty_bytes = 0;
516         }
517         return ret;
518 }
519
520 int dirty_bytes_handler(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
521                 void __user *buffer, size_t *lenp,
522                 loff_t *ppos)
523 {
524         unsigned long old_bytes = vm_dirty_bytes;
525         int ret;
526
527         ret = proc_doulongvec_minmax(table, write, buffer, lenp, ppos);
528         if (ret == 0 && write && vm_dirty_bytes != old_bytes) {
529                 writeback_set_ratelimit();
530                 vm_dirty_ratio = 0;
531         }
532         return ret;
533 }
534
535 static unsigned long wp_next_time(unsigned long cur_time)
536 {
537         cur_time += VM_COMPLETIONS_PERIOD_LEN;
538         /* 0 has a special meaning... */
539         if (!cur_time)
540                 return 1;
541         return cur_time;
542 }
543
544 static void wb_domain_writeout_inc(struct wb_domain *dom,
545                                    struct fprop_local_percpu *completions,
546                                    unsigned int max_prop_frac)
547 {
548         __fprop_inc_percpu_max(&dom->completions, completions,
549                                max_prop_frac);
550         /* First event after period switching was turned off? */
551         if (!unlikely(dom->period_time)) {
552                 /*
553                  * We can race with other __bdi_writeout_inc calls here but
554                  * it does not cause any harm since the resulting time when
555                  * timer will fire and what is in writeout_period_time will be
556                  * roughly the same.
557                  */
558                 dom->period_time = wp_next_time(jiffies);
559                 mod_timer(&dom->period_timer, dom->period_time);
560         }
561 }
562
563 /*
564  * Increment @wb's writeout completion count and the global writeout
565  * completion count. Called from test_clear_page_writeback().
566  */
567 static inline void __wb_writeout_inc(struct bdi_writeback *wb)
568 {
569         struct wb_domain *cgdom;
570
571         __inc_wb_stat(wb, WB_WRITTEN);
572         wb_domain_writeout_inc(&global_wb_domain, &wb->completions,
573                                wb->bdi->max_prop_frac);
574
575         cgdom = mem_cgroup_wb_domain(wb);
576         if (cgdom)
577                 wb_domain_writeout_inc(cgdom, wb_memcg_completions(wb),
578                                        wb->bdi->max_prop_frac);
579 }
580
581 void wb_writeout_inc(struct bdi_writeback *wb)
582 {
583         unsigned long flags;
584
585         local_irq_save(flags);
586         __wb_writeout_inc(wb);
587         local_irq_restore(flags);
588 }
589 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(wb_writeout_inc);
590
591 /*
592  * On idle system, we can be called long after we scheduled because we use
593  * deferred timers so count with missed periods.
594  */
595 static void writeout_period(unsigned long t)
596 {
597         struct wb_domain *dom = (void *)t;
598         int miss_periods = (jiffies - dom->period_time) /
599                                                  VM_COMPLETIONS_PERIOD_LEN;
600
601         if (fprop_new_period(&dom->completions, miss_periods + 1)) {
602                 dom->period_time = wp_next_time(dom->period_time +
603                                 miss_periods * VM_COMPLETIONS_PERIOD_LEN);
604                 mod_timer(&dom->period_timer, dom->period_time);
605         } else {
606                 /*
607                  * Aging has zeroed all fractions. Stop wasting CPU on period
608                  * updates.
609                  */
610                 dom->period_time = 0;
611         }
612 }
613
614 int wb_domain_init(struct wb_domain *dom, gfp_t gfp)
615 {
616         memset(dom, 0, sizeof(*dom));
617
618         spin_lock_init(&dom->lock);
619
620         init_timer_deferrable(&dom->period_timer);
621         dom->period_timer.function = writeout_period;
622         dom->period_timer.data = (unsigned long)dom;
623
624         dom->dirty_limit_tstamp = jiffies;
625
626         return fprop_global_init(&dom->completions, gfp);
627 }
628
629 #ifdef CONFIG_CGROUP_WRITEBACK
630 void wb_domain_exit(struct wb_domain *dom)
631 {
632         del_timer_sync(&dom->period_timer);
633         fprop_global_destroy(&dom->completions);
634 }
635 #endif
636
637 /*
638  * bdi_min_ratio keeps the sum of the minimum dirty shares of all
639  * registered backing devices, which, for obvious reasons, can not
640  * exceed 100%.
641  */
642 static unsigned int bdi_min_ratio;
643
644 int bdi_set_min_ratio(struct backing_dev_info *bdi, unsigned int min_ratio)
645 {
646         int ret = 0;
647
648         spin_lock_bh(&bdi_lock);
649         if (min_ratio > bdi->max_ratio) {
650                 ret = -EINVAL;
651         } else {
652                 min_ratio -= bdi->min_ratio;
653                 if (bdi_min_ratio + min_ratio < 100) {
654                         bdi_min_ratio += min_ratio;
655                         bdi->min_ratio += min_ratio;
656                 } else {
657                         ret = -EINVAL;
658                 }
659         }
660         spin_unlock_bh(&bdi_lock);
661
662         return ret;
663 }
664
665 int bdi_set_max_ratio(struct backing_dev_info *bdi, unsigned max_ratio)
666 {
667         int ret = 0;
668
669         if (max_ratio > 100)
670                 return -EINVAL;
671
672         spin_lock_bh(&bdi_lock);
673         if (bdi->min_ratio > max_ratio) {
674                 ret = -EINVAL;
675         } else {
676                 bdi->max_ratio = max_ratio;
677                 bdi->max_prop_frac = (FPROP_FRAC_BASE * max_ratio) / 100;
678         }
679         spin_unlock_bh(&bdi_lock);
680
681         return ret;
682 }
683 EXPORT_SYMBOL(bdi_set_max_ratio);
684
685 static unsigned long dirty_freerun_ceiling(unsigned long thresh,
686                                            unsigned long bg_thresh)
687 {
688         return (thresh + bg_thresh) / 2;
689 }
690
691 static unsigned long hard_dirty_limit(struct wb_domain *dom,
692                                       unsigned long thresh)
693 {
694         return max(thresh, dom->dirty_limit);
695 }
696
697 /*
698  * Memory which can be further allocated to a memcg domain is capped by
699  * system-wide clean memory excluding the amount being used in the domain.
700  */
701 static void mdtc_calc_avail(struct dirty_throttle_control *mdtc,
702                             unsigned long filepages, unsigned long headroom)
703 {
704         struct dirty_throttle_control *gdtc = mdtc_gdtc(mdtc);
705         unsigned long clean = filepages - min(filepages, mdtc->dirty);
706         unsigned long global_clean = gdtc->avail - min(gdtc->avail, gdtc->dirty);
707         unsigned long other_clean = global_clean - min(global_clean, clean);
708
709         mdtc->avail = filepages + min(headroom, other_clean);
710 }
711
712 /**
713  * __wb_calc_thresh - @wb's share of dirty throttling threshold
714  * @dtc: dirty_throttle_context of interest
715  *
716  * Returns @wb's dirty limit in pages. The term "dirty" in the context of
717  * dirty balancing includes all PG_dirty, PG_writeback and NFS unstable pages.
718  *
719  * Note that balance_dirty_pages() will only seriously take it as a hard limit
720  * when sleeping max_pause per page is not enough to keep the dirty pages under
721  * control. For example, when the device is completely stalled due to some error
722  * conditions, or when there are 1000 dd tasks writing to a slow 10MB/s USB key.
723  * In the other normal situations, it acts more gently by throttling the tasks
724  * more (rather than completely block them) when the wb dirty pages go high.
725  *
726  * It allocates high/low dirty limits to fast/slow devices, in order to prevent
727  * - starving fast devices
728  * - piling up dirty pages (that will take long time to sync) on slow devices
729  *
730  * The wb's share of dirty limit will be adapting to its throughput and
731  * bounded by the bdi->min_ratio and/or bdi->max_ratio parameters, if set.
732  */
733 static unsigned long __wb_calc_thresh(struct dirty_throttle_control *dtc)
734 {
735         struct wb_domain *dom = dtc_dom(dtc);
736         unsigned long thresh = dtc->thresh;
737         u64 wb_thresh;
738         long numerator, denominator;
739         unsigned long wb_min_ratio, wb_max_ratio;
740
741         /*
742          * Calculate this BDI's share of the thresh ratio.
743          */
744         fprop_fraction_percpu(&dom->completions, dtc->wb_completions,
745                               &numerator, &denominator);
746
747         wb_thresh = (thresh * (100 - bdi_min_ratio)) / 100;
748         wb_thresh *= numerator;
749         do_div(wb_thresh, denominator);
750
751         wb_min_max_ratio(dtc->wb, &wb_min_ratio, &wb_max_ratio);
752
753         wb_thresh += (thresh * wb_min_ratio) / 100;
754         if (wb_thresh > (thresh * wb_max_ratio) / 100)
755                 wb_thresh = thresh * wb_max_ratio / 100;
756
757         return wb_thresh;
758 }
759
760 unsigned long wb_calc_thresh(struct bdi_writeback *wb, unsigned long thresh)
761 {
762         struct dirty_throttle_control gdtc = { GDTC_INIT(wb),
763                                                .thresh = thresh };
764         return __wb_calc_thresh(&gdtc);
765 }
766
767 /*
768  *                           setpoint - dirty 3
769  *        f(dirty) := 1.0 + (----------------)
770  *                           limit - setpoint
771  *
772  * it's a 3rd order polynomial that subjects to
773  *
774  * (1) f(freerun)  = 2.0 => rampup dirty_ratelimit reasonably fast
775  * (2) f(setpoint) = 1.0 => the balance point
776  * (3) f(limit)    = 0   => the hard limit
777  * (4) df/dx      <= 0   => negative feedback control
778  * (5) the closer to setpoint, the smaller |df/dx| (and the reverse)
779  *     => fast response on large errors; small oscillation near setpoint
780  */
781 static long long pos_ratio_polynom(unsigned long setpoint,
782                                           unsigned long dirty,
783                                           unsigned long limit)
784 {
785         long long pos_ratio;
786         long x;
787
788         x = div64_s64(((s64)setpoint - (s64)dirty) << RATELIMIT_CALC_SHIFT,
789                       (limit - setpoint) | 1);
790         pos_ratio = x;
791         pos_ratio = pos_ratio * x >> RATELIMIT_CALC_SHIFT;
792         pos_ratio = pos_ratio * x >> RATELIMIT_CALC_SHIFT;
793         pos_ratio += 1 << RATELIMIT_CALC_SHIFT;
794
795         return clamp(pos_ratio, 0LL, 2LL << RATELIMIT_CALC_SHIFT);
796 }
797
798 /*
799  * Dirty position control.
800  *
801  * (o) global/bdi setpoints
802  *
803  * We want the dirty pages be balanced around the global/wb setpoints.
804  * When the number of dirty pages is higher/lower than the setpoint, the
805  * dirty position control ratio (and hence task dirty ratelimit) will be
806  * decreased/increased to bring the dirty pages back to the setpoint.
807  *
808  *     pos_ratio = 1 << RATELIMIT_CALC_SHIFT
809  *
810  *     if (dirty < setpoint) scale up   pos_ratio
811  *     if (dirty > setpoint) scale down pos_ratio
812  *
813  *     if (wb_dirty < wb_setpoint) scale up   pos_ratio
814  *     if (wb_dirty > wb_setpoint) scale down pos_ratio
815  *
816  *     task_ratelimit = dirty_ratelimit * pos_ratio >> RATELIMIT_CALC_SHIFT
817  *
818  * (o) global control line
819  *
820  *     ^ pos_ratio
821  *     |
822  *     |            |<===== global dirty control scope ======>|
823  * 2.0 .............*
824  *     |            .*
825  *     |            . *
826  *     |            .   *
827  *     |            .     *
828  *     |            .        *
829  *     |            .            *
830  * 1.0 ................................*
831  *     |            .                  .     *
832  *     |            .                  .          *
833  *     |            .                  .              *
834  *     |            .                  .                 *
835  *     |            .                  .                    *
836  *   0 +------------.------------------.----------------------*------------->
837  *           freerun^          setpoint^                 limit^   dirty pages
838  *
839  * (o) wb control line
840  *
841  *     ^ pos_ratio
842  *     |
843  *     |            *
844  *     |              *
845  *     |                *
846  *     |                  *
847  *     |                    * |<=========== span ============>|
848  * 1.0 .......................*
849  *     |                      . *
850  *     |                      .   *
851  *     |                      .     *
852  *     |                      .       *
853  *     |                      .         *
854  *     |                      .           *
855  *     |                      .             *
856  *     |                      .               *
857  *     |                      .                 *
858  *     |                      .                   *
859  *     |                      .                     *
860  * 1/4 ...............................................* * * * * * * * * * * *
861  *     |                      .                         .
862  *     |                      .                           .
863  *     |                      .                             .
864  *   0 +----------------------.-------------------------------.------------->
865  *                wb_setpoint^                    x_intercept^
866  *
867  * The wb control line won't drop below pos_ratio=1/4, so that wb_dirty can
868  * be smoothly throttled down to normal if it starts high in situations like
869  * - start writing to a slow SD card and a fast disk at the same time. The SD
870  *   card's wb_dirty may rush to many times higher than wb_setpoint.
871  * - the wb dirty thresh drops quickly due to change of JBOD workload
872  */
873 static void wb_position_ratio(struct dirty_throttle_control *dtc)
874 {
875         struct bdi_writeback *wb = dtc->wb;
876         unsigned long write_bw = wb->avg_write_bandwidth;
877         unsigned long freerun = dirty_freerun_ceiling(dtc->thresh, dtc->bg_thresh);
878         unsigned long limit = hard_dirty_limit(dtc_dom(dtc), dtc->thresh);
879         unsigned long wb_thresh = dtc->wb_thresh;
880         unsigned long x_intercept;
881         unsigned long setpoint;         /* dirty pages' target balance point */
882         unsigned long wb_setpoint;
883         unsigned long span;
884         long long pos_ratio;            /* for scaling up/down the rate limit */
885         long x;
886
887         dtc->pos_ratio = 0;
888
889         if (unlikely(dtc->dirty >= limit))
890                 return;
891
892         /*
893          * global setpoint
894          *
895          * See comment for pos_ratio_polynom().
896          */
897         setpoint = (freerun + limit) / 2;
898         pos_ratio = pos_ratio_polynom(setpoint, dtc->dirty, limit);
899
900         /*
901          * The strictlimit feature is a tool preventing mistrusted filesystems
902          * from growing a large number of dirty pages before throttling. For
903          * such filesystems balance_dirty_pages always checks wb counters
904          * against wb limits. Even if global "nr_dirty" is under "freerun".
905          * This is especially important for fuse which sets bdi->max_ratio to
906          * 1% by default. Without strictlimit feature, fuse writeback may
907          * consume arbitrary amount of RAM because it is accounted in
908          * NR_WRITEBACK_TEMP which is not involved in calculating "nr_dirty".
909          *
910          * Here, in wb_position_ratio(), we calculate pos_ratio based on
911          * two values: wb_dirty and wb_thresh. Let's consider an example:
912          * total amount of RAM is 16GB, bdi->max_ratio is equal to 1%, global
913          * limits are set by default to 10% and 20% (background and throttle).
914          * Then wb_thresh is 1% of 20% of 16GB. This amounts to ~8K pages.
915          * wb_calc_thresh(wb, bg_thresh) is about ~4K pages. wb_setpoint is
916          * about ~6K pages (as the average of background and throttle wb
917          * limits). The 3rd order polynomial will provide positive feedback if
918          * wb_dirty is under wb_setpoint and vice versa.
919          *
920          * Note, that we cannot use global counters in these calculations
921          * because we want to throttle process writing to a strictlimit wb
922          * much earlier than global "freerun" is reached (~23MB vs. ~2.3GB
923          * in the example above).
924          */
925         if (unlikely(wb->bdi->capabilities & BDI_CAP_STRICTLIMIT)) {
926                 long long wb_pos_ratio;
927
928                 if (dtc->wb_dirty < 8) {
929                         dtc->pos_ratio = min_t(long long, pos_ratio * 2,
930                                            2 << RATELIMIT_CALC_SHIFT);
931                         return;
932                 }
933
934                 if (dtc->wb_dirty >= wb_thresh)
935                         return;
936
937                 wb_setpoint = dirty_freerun_ceiling(wb_thresh,
938                                                     dtc->wb_bg_thresh);
939
940                 if (wb_setpoint == 0 || wb_setpoint == wb_thresh)
941                         return;
942
943                 wb_pos_ratio = pos_ratio_polynom(wb_setpoint, dtc->wb_dirty,
944                                                  wb_thresh);
945
946                 /*
947                  * Typically, for strictlimit case, wb_setpoint << setpoint
948                  * and pos_ratio >> wb_pos_ratio. In the other words global
949                  * state ("dirty") is not limiting factor and we have to
950                  * make decision based on wb counters. But there is an
951                  * important case when global pos_ratio should get precedence:
952                  * global limits are exceeded (e.g. due to activities on other
953                  * wb's) while given strictlimit wb is below limit.
954                  *
955                  * "pos_ratio * wb_pos_ratio" would work for the case above,
956                  * but it would look too non-natural for the case of all
957                  * activity in the system coming from a single strictlimit wb
958                  * with bdi->max_ratio == 100%.
959                  *
960                  * Note that min() below somewhat changes the dynamics of the
961                  * control system. Normally, pos_ratio value can be well over 3
962                  * (when globally we are at freerun and wb is well below wb
963                  * setpoint). Now the maximum pos_ratio in the same situation
964                  * is 2. We might want to tweak this if we observe the control
965                  * system is too slow to adapt.
966                  */
967                 dtc->pos_ratio = min(pos_ratio, wb_pos_ratio);
968                 return;
969         }
970
971         /*
972          * We have computed basic pos_ratio above based on global situation. If
973          * the wb is over/under its share of dirty pages, we want to scale
974          * pos_ratio further down/up. That is done by the following mechanism.
975          */
976
977         /*
978          * wb setpoint
979          *
980          *        f(wb_dirty) := 1.0 + k * (wb_dirty - wb_setpoint)
981          *
982          *                        x_intercept - wb_dirty
983          *                     := --------------------------
984          *                        x_intercept - wb_setpoint
985          *
986          * The main wb control line is a linear function that subjects to
987          *
988          * (1) f(wb_setpoint) = 1.0
989          * (2) k = - 1 / (8 * write_bw)  (in single wb case)
990          *     or equally: x_intercept = wb_setpoint + 8 * write_bw
991          *
992          * For single wb case, the dirty pages are observed to fluctuate
993          * regularly within range
994          *        [wb_setpoint - write_bw/2, wb_setpoint + write_bw/2]
995          * for various filesystems, where (2) can yield in a reasonable 12.5%
996          * fluctuation range for pos_ratio.
997          *
998          * For JBOD case, wb_thresh (not wb_dirty!) could fluctuate up to its
999          * own size, so move the slope over accordingly and choose a slope that
1000          * yields 100% pos_ratio fluctuation on suddenly doubled wb_thresh.
1001          */
1002         if (unlikely(wb_thresh > dtc->thresh))
1003                 wb_thresh = dtc->thresh;
1004         /*
1005          * It's very possible that wb_thresh is close to 0 not because the
1006          * device is slow, but that it has remained inactive for long time.
1007          * Honour such devices a reasonable good (hopefully IO efficient)
1008          * threshold, so that the occasional writes won't be blocked and active
1009          * writes can rampup the threshold quickly.
1010          */
1011         wb_thresh = max(wb_thresh, (limit - dtc->dirty) / 8);
1012         /*
1013          * scale global setpoint to wb's:
1014          *      wb_setpoint = setpoint * wb_thresh / thresh
1015          */
1016         x = div_u64((u64)wb_thresh << 16, dtc->thresh | 1);
1017         wb_setpoint = setpoint * (u64)x >> 16;
1018         /*
1019          * Use span=(8*write_bw) in single wb case as indicated by
1020          * (thresh - wb_thresh ~= 0) and transit to wb_thresh in JBOD case.
1021          *
1022          *        wb_thresh                    thresh - wb_thresh
1023          * span = --------- * (8 * write_bw) + ------------------ * wb_thresh
1024          *         thresh                           thresh
1025          */
1026         span = (dtc->thresh - wb_thresh + 8 * write_bw) * (u64)x >> 16;
1027         x_intercept = wb_setpoint + span;
1028
1029         if (dtc->wb_dirty < x_intercept - span / 4) {
1030                 pos_ratio = div64_u64(pos_ratio * (x_intercept - dtc->wb_dirty),
1031                                       (x_intercept - wb_setpoint) | 1);
1032         } else
1033                 pos_ratio /= 4;
1034
1035         /*
1036          * wb reserve area, safeguard against dirty pool underrun and disk idle
1037          * It may push the desired control point of global dirty pages higher
1038          * than setpoint.
1039          */
1040         x_intercept = wb_thresh / 2;
1041         if (dtc->wb_dirty < x_intercept) {
1042                 if (dtc->wb_dirty > x_intercept / 8)
1043                         pos_ratio = div_u64(pos_ratio * x_intercept,
1044                                             dtc->wb_dirty);
1045                 else
1046                         pos_ratio *= 8;
1047         }
1048
1049         dtc->pos_ratio = pos_ratio;
1050 }
1051
1052 static void wb_update_write_bandwidth(struct bdi_writeback *wb,
1053                                       unsigned long elapsed,
1054                                       unsigned long written)
1055 {
1056         const unsigned long period = roundup_pow_of_two(3 * HZ);
1057         unsigned long avg = wb->avg_write_bandwidth;
1058         unsigned long old = wb->write_bandwidth;
1059         u64 bw;
1060
1061         /*
1062          * bw = written * HZ / elapsed
1063          *
1064          *                   bw * elapsed + write_bandwidth * (period - elapsed)
1065          * write_bandwidth = ---------------------------------------------------
1066          *                                          period
1067          *
1068          * @written may have decreased due to account_page_redirty().
1069          * Avoid underflowing @bw calculation.
1070          */
1071         bw = written - min(written, wb->written_stamp);
1072         bw *= HZ;
1073         if (unlikely(elapsed > period)) {
1074                 do_div(bw, elapsed);
1075                 avg = bw;
1076                 goto out;
1077         }
1078         bw += (u64)wb->write_bandwidth * (period - elapsed);
1079         bw >>= ilog2(period);
1080
1081         /*
1082          * one more level of smoothing, for filtering out sudden spikes
1083          */
1084         if (avg > old && old >= (unsigned long)bw)
1085                 avg -= (avg - old) >> 3;
1086
1087         if (avg < old && old <= (unsigned long)bw)
1088                 avg += (old - avg) >> 3;
1089
1090 out:
1091         /* keep avg > 0 to guarantee that tot > 0 if there are dirty wbs */
1092         avg = max(avg, 1LU);
1093         if (wb_has_dirty_io(wb)) {
1094                 long delta = avg - wb->avg_write_bandwidth;
1095                 WARN_ON_ONCE(atomic_long_add_return(delta,
1096                                         &wb->bdi->tot_write_bandwidth) <= 0);
1097         }
1098         wb->write_bandwidth = bw;
1099         wb->avg_write_bandwidth = avg;
1100 }
1101
1102 static void update_dirty_limit(struct dirty_throttle_control *dtc)
1103 {
1104         struct wb_domain *dom = dtc_dom(dtc);
1105         unsigned long thresh = dtc->thresh;
1106         unsigned long limit = dom->dirty_limit;
1107
1108         /*
1109          * Follow up in one step.
1110          */
1111         if (limit < thresh) {
1112                 limit = thresh;
1113                 goto update;
1114         }
1115
1116         /*
1117          * Follow down slowly. Use the higher one as the target, because thresh
1118          * may drop below dirty. This is exactly the reason to introduce
1119          * dom->dirty_limit which is guaranteed to lie above the dirty pages.
1120          */
1121         thresh = max(thresh, dtc->dirty);
1122         if (limit > thresh) {
1123                 limit -= (limit - thresh) >> 5;
1124                 goto update;
1125         }
1126         return;
1127 update:
1128         dom->dirty_limit = limit;
1129 }
1130
1131 static void domain_update_bandwidth(struct dirty_throttle_control *dtc,
1132                                     unsigned long now)
1133 {
1134         struct wb_domain *dom = dtc_dom(dtc);
1135
1136         /*
1137          * check locklessly first to optimize away locking for the most time
1138          */
1139         if (time_before(now, dom->dirty_limit_tstamp + BANDWIDTH_INTERVAL))
1140                 return;
1141
1142         spin_lock(&dom->lock);
1143         if (time_after_eq(now, dom->dirty_limit_tstamp + BANDWIDTH_INTERVAL)) {
1144                 update_dirty_limit(dtc);
1145                 dom->dirty_limit_tstamp = now;
1146         }
1147         spin_unlock(&dom->lock);
1148 }
1149
1150 /*
1151  * Maintain wb->dirty_ratelimit, the base dirty throttle rate.
1152  *
1153  * Normal wb tasks will be curbed at or below it in long term.
1154  * Obviously it should be around (write_bw / N) when there are N dd tasks.
1155  */
1156 static void wb_update_dirty_ratelimit(struct dirty_throttle_control *dtc,
1157                                       unsigned long dirtied,
1158                                       unsigned long elapsed)
1159 {
1160         struct bdi_writeback *wb = dtc->wb;
1161         unsigned long dirty = dtc->dirty;
1162         unsigned long freerun = dirty_freerun_ceiling(dtc->thresh, dtc->bg_thresh);
1163         unsigned long limit = hard_dirty_limit(dtc_dom(dtc), dtc->thresh);
1164         unsigned long setpoint = (freerun + limit) / 2;
1165         unsigned long write_bw = wb->avg_write_bandwidth;
1166         unsigned long dirty_ratelimit = wb->dirty_ratelimit;
1167         unsigned long dirty_rate;
1168         unsigned long task_ratelimit;
1169         unsigned long balanced_dirty_ratelimit;
1170         unsigned long step;
1171         unsigned long x;
1172         unsigned long shift;
1173
1174         /*
1175          * The dirty rate will match the writeout rate in long term, except
1176          * when dirty pages are truncated by userspace or re-dirtied by FS.
1177          */
1178         dirty_rate = (dirtied - wb->dirtied_stamp) * HZ / elapsed;
1179
1180         /*
1181          * task_ratelimit reflects each dd's dirty rate for the past 200ms.
1182          */
1183         task_ratelimit = (u64)dirty_ratelimit *
1184                                         dtc->pos_ratio >> RATELIMIT_CALC_SHIFT;
1185         task_ratelimit++; /* it helps rampup dirty_ratelimit from tiny values */
1186
1187         /*
1188          * A linear estimation of the "balanced" throttle rate. The theory is,
1189          * if there are N dd tasks, each throttled at task_ratelimit, the wb's
1190          * dirty_rate will be measured to be (N * task_ratelimit). So the below
1191          * formula will yield the balanced rate limit (write_bw / N).
1192          *
1193          * Note that the expanded form is not a pure rate feedback:
1194          *      rate_(i+1) = rate_(i) * (write_bw / dirty_rate)              (1)
1195          * but also takes pos_ratio into account:
1196          *      rate_(i+1) = rate_(i) * (write_bw / dirty_rate) * pos_ratio  (2)
1197          *
1198          * (1) is not realistic because pos_ratio also takes part in balancing
1199          * the dirty rate.  Consider the state
1200          *      pos_ratio = 0.5                                              (3)
1201          *      rate = 2 * (write_bw / N)                                    (4)
1202          * If (1) is used, it will stuck in that state! Because each dd will
1203          * be throttled at
1204          *      task_ratelimit = pos_ratio * rate = (write_bw / N)           (5)
1205          * yielding
1206          *      dirty_rate = N * task_ratelimit = write_bw                   (6)
1207          * put (6) into (1) we get
1208          *      rate_(i+1) = rate_(i)                                        (7)
1209          *
1210          * So we end up using (2) to always keep
1211          *      rate_(i+1) ~= (write_bw / N)                                 (8)
1212          * regardless of the value of pos_ratio. As long as (8) is satisfied,
1213          * pos_ratio is able to drive itself to 1.0, which is not only where
1214          * the dirty count meet the setpoint, but also where the slope of
1215          * pos_ratio is most flat and hence task_ratelimit is least fluctuated.
1216          */
1217         balanced_dirty_ratelimit = div_u64((u64)task_ratelimit * write_bw,
1218                                            dirty_rate | 1);
1219         /*
1220          * balanced_dirty_ratelimit ~= (write_bw / N) <= write_bw
1221          */
1222         if (unlikely(balanced_dirty_ratelimit > write_bw))
1223                 balanced_dirty_ratelimit = write_bw;
1224
1225         /*
1226          * We could safely do this and return immediately:
1227          *
1228          *      wb->dirty_ratelimit = balanced_dirty_ratelimit;
1229          *
1230          * However to get a more stable dirty_ratelimit, the below elaborated
1231          * code makes use of task_ratelimit to filter out singular points and
1232          * limit the step size.
1233          *
1234          * The below code essentially only uses the relative value of
1235          *
1236          *      task_ratelimit - dirty_ratelimit
1237          *      = (pos_ratio - 1) * dirty_ratelimit
1238          *
1239          * which reflects the direction and size of dirty position error.
1240          */
1241
1242         /*
1243          * dirty_ratelimit will follow balanced_dirty_ratelimit iff
1244          * task_ratelimit is on the same side of dirty_ratelimit, too.
1245          * For example, when
1246          * - dirty_ratelimit > balanced_dirty_ratelimit
1247          * - dirty_ratelimit > task_ratelimit (dirty pages are above setpoint)
1248          * lowering dirty_ratelimit will help meet both the position and rate
1249          * control targets. Otherwise, don't update dirty_ratelimit if it will
1250          * only help meet the rate target. After all, what the users ultimately
1251          * feel and care are stable dirty rate and small position error.
1252          *
1253          * |task_ratelimit - dirty_ratelimit| is used to limit the step size
1254          * and filter out the singular points of balanced_dirty_ratelimit. Which
1255          * keeps jumping around randomly and can even leap far away at times
1256          * due to the small 200ms estimation period of dirty_rate (we want to
1257          * keep that period small to reduce time lags).
1258          */
1259         step = 0;
1260
1261         /*
1262          * For strictlimit case, calculations above were based on wb counters
1263          * and limits (starting from pos_ratio = wb_position_ratio() and up to
1264          * balanced_dirty_ratelimit = task_ratelimit * write_bw / dirty_rate).
1265          * Hence, to calculate "step" properly, we have to use wb_dirty as
1266          * "dirty" and wb_setpoint as "setpoint".
1267          *
1268          * We rampup dirty_ratelimit forcibly if wb_dirty is low because
1269          * it's possible that wb_thresh is close to zero due to inactivity
1270          * of backing device.
1271          */
1272         if (unlikely(wb->bdi->capabilities & BDI_CAP_STRICTLIMIT)) {
1273                 dirty = dtc->wb_dirty;
1274                 if (dtc->wb_dirty < 8)
1275                         setpoint = dtc->wb_dirty + 1;
1276                 else
1277                         setpoint = (dtc->wb_thresh + dtc->wb_bg_thresh) / 2;
1278         }
1279
1280         if (dirty < setpoint) {
1281                 x = min3(wb->balanced_dirty_ratelimit,
1282                          balanced_dirty_ratelimit, task_ratelimit);
1283                 if (dirty_ratelimit < x)
1284                         step = x - dirty_ratelimit;
1285         } else {
1286                 x = max3(wb->balanced_dirty_ratelimit,
1287                          balanced_dirty_ratelimit, task_ratelimit);
1288                 if (dirty_ratelimit > x)
1289                         step = dirty_ratelimit - x;
1290         }
1291
1292         /*
1293          * Don't pursue 100% rate matching. It's impossible since the balanced
1294          * rate itself is constantly fluctuating. So decrease the track speed
1295          * when it gets close to the target. Helps eliminate pointless tremors.
1296          */
1297         shift = dirty_ratelimit / (2 * step + 1);
1298         if (shift < BITS_PER_LONG)
1299                 step = DIV_ROUND_UP(step >> shift, 8);
1300         else
1301                 step = 0;
1302
1303         if (dirty_ratelimit < balanced_dirty_ratelimit)
1304                 dirty_ratelimit += step;
1305         else
1306                 dirty_ratelimit -= step;
1307
1308         wb->dirty_ratelimit = max(dirty_ratelimit, 1UL);
1309         wb->balanced_dirty_ratelimit = balanced_dirty_ratelimit;
1310
1311         trace_bdi_dirty_ratelimit(wb, dirty_rate, task_ratelimit);
1312 }
1313
1314 static void __wb_update_bandwidth(struct dirty_throttle_control *gdtc,
1315                                   struct dirty_throttle_control *mdtc,
1316                                   unsigned long start_time,
1317                                   bool update_ratelimit)
1318 {
1319         struct bdi_writeback *wb = gdtc->wb;
1320         unsigned long now = jiffies;
1321         unsigned long elapsed = now - wb->bw_time_stamp;
1322         unsigned long dirtied;
1323         unsigned long written;
1324
1325         lockdep_assert_held(&wb->list_lock);
1326
1327         /*
1328          * rate-limit, only update once every 200ms.
1329          */
1330         if (elapsed < BANDWIDTH_INTERVAL)
1331                 return;
1332
1333         dirtied = percpu_counter_read(&wb->stat[WB_DIRTIED]);
1334         written = percpu_counter_read(&wb->stat[WB_WRITTEN]);
1335
1336         /*
1337          * Skip quiet periods when disk bandwidth is under-utilized.
1338          * (at least 1s idle time between two flusher runs)
1339          */
1340         if (elapsed > HZ && time_before(wb->bw_time_stamp, start_time))
1341                 goto snapshot;
1342
1343         if (update_ratelimit) {
1344                 domain_update_bandwidth(gdtc, now);
1345                 wb_update_dirty_ratelimit(gdtc, dirtied, elapsed);
1346
1347                 /*
1348                  * @mdtc is always NULL if !CGROUP_WRITEBACK but the
1349                  * compiler has no way to figure that out.  Help it.
1350                  */
1351                 if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_CGROUP_WRITEBACK) && mdtc) {
1352                         domain_update_bandwidth(mdtc, now);
1353                         wb_update_dirty_ratelimit(mdtc, dirtied, elapsed);
1354                 }
1355         }
1356         wb_update_write_bandwidth(wb, elapsed, written);
1357
1358 snapshot:
1359         wb->dirtied_stamp = dirtied;
1360         wb->written_stamp = written;
1361         wb->bw_time_stamp = now;
1362 }
1363
1364 void wb_update_bandwidth(struct bdi_writeback *wb, unsigned long start_time)
1365 {
1366         struct dirty_throttle_control gdtc = { GDTC_INIT(wb) };
1367
1368         __wb_update_bandwidth(&gdtc, NULL, start_time, false);
1369 }
1370
1371 /*
1372  * After a task dirtied this many pages, balance_dirty_pages_ratelimited()
1373  * will look to see if it needs to start dirty throttling.
1374  *
1375  * If dirty_poll_interval is too low, big NUMA machines will call the expensive
1376  * global_page_state() too often. So scale it near-sqrt to the safety margin
1377  * (the number of pages we may dirty without exceeding the dirty limits).
1378  */
1379 static unsigned long dirty_poll_interval(unsigned long dirty,
1380                                          unsigned long thresh)
1381 {
1382         if (thresh > dirty)
1383                 return 1UL << (ilog2(thresh - dirty) >> 1);
1384
1385         return 1;
1386 }
1387
1388 static unsigned long wb_max_pause(struct bdi_writeback *wb,
1389                                   unsigned long wb_dirty)
1390 {
1391         unsigned long bw = wb->avg_write_bandwidth;
1392         unsigned long t;
1393
1394         /*
1395          * Limit pause time for small memory systems. If sleeping for too long
1396          * time, a small pool of dirty/writeback pages may go empty and disk go
1397          * idle.
1398          *
1399          * 8 serves as the safety ratio.
1400          */
1401         t = wb_dirty / (1 + bw / roundup_pow_of_two(1 + HZ / 8));
1402         t++;
1403
1404         return min_t(unsigned long, t, MAX_PAUSE);
1405 }
1406
1407 static long wb_min_pause(struct bdi_writeback *wb,
1408                          long max_pause,
1409                          unsigned long task_ratelimit,
1410                          unsigned long dirty_ratelimit,
1411                          int *nr_dirtied_pause)
1412 {
1413         long hi = ilog2(wb->avg_write_bandwidth);
1414         long lo = ilog2(wb->dirty_ratelimit);
1415         long t;         /* target pause */
1416         long pause;     /* estimated next pause */
1417         int pages;      /* target nr_dirtied_pause */
1418
1419         /* target for 10ms pause on 1-dd case */
1420         t = max(1, HZ / 100);
1421
1422         /*
1423          * Scale up pause time for concurrent dirtiers in order to reduce CPU
1424          * overheads.
1425          *
1426          * (N * 10ms) on 2^N concurrent tasks.
1427          */
1428         if (hi > lo)
1429                 t += (hi - lo) * (10 * HZ) / 1024;
1430
1431         /*
1432          * This is a bit convoluted. We try to base the next nr_dirtied_pause
1433          * on the much more stable dirty_ratelimit. However the next pause time
1434          * will be computed based on task_ratelimit and the two rate limits may
1435          * depart considerably at some time. Especially if task_ratelimit goes
1436          * below dirty_ratelimit/2 and the target pause is max_pause, the next
1437          * pause time will be max_pause*2 _trimmed down_ to max_pause.  As a
1438          * result task_ratelimit won't be executed faithfully, which could
1439          * eventually bring down dirty_ratelimit.
1440          *
1441          * We apply two rules to fix it up:
1442          * 1) try to estimate the next pause time and if necessary, use a lower
1443          *    nr_dirtied_pause so as not to exceed max_pause. When this happens,
1444          *    nr_dirtied_pause will be "dancing" with task_ratelimit.
1445          * 2) limit the target pause time to max_pause/2, so that the normal
1446          *    small fluctuations of task_ratelimit won't trigger rule (1) and
1447          *    nr_dirtied_pause will remain as stable as dirty_ratelimit.
1448          */
1449         t = min(t, 1 + max_pause / 2);
1450         pages = dirty_ratelimit * t / roundup_pow_of_two(HZ);
1451
1452         /*
1453          * Tiny nr_dirtied_pause is found to hurt I/O performance in the test
1454          * case fio-mmap-randwrite-64k, which does 16*{sync read, async write}.
1455          * When the 16 consecutive reads are often interrupted by some dirty
1456          * throttling pause during the async writes, cfq will go into idles
1457          * (deadline is fine). So push nr_dirtied_pause as high as possible
1458          * until reaches DIRTY_POLL_THRESH=32 pages.
1459          */
1460         if (pages < DIRTY_POLL_THRESH) {
1461                 t = max_pause;
1462                 pages = dirty_ratelimit * t / roundup_pow_of_two(HZ);
1463                 if (pages > DIRTY_POLL_THRESH) {
1464                         pages = DIRTY_POLL_THRESH;
1465                         t = HZ * DIRTY_POLL_THRESH / dirty_ratelimit;
1466                 }
1467         }
1468
1469         pause = HZ * pages / (task_ratelimit + 1);
1470         if (pause > max_pause) {
1471                 t = max_pause;
1472                 pages = task_ratelimit * t / roundup_pow_of_two(HZ);
1473         }
1474
1475         *nr_dirtied_pause = pages;
1476         /*
1477          * The minimal pause time will normally be half the target pause time.
1478          */
1479         return pages >= DIRTY_POLL_THRESH ? 1 + t / 2 : t;
1480 }
1481
1482 static inline void wb_dirty_limits(struct dirty_throttle_control *dtc)
1483 {
1484         struct bdi_writeback *wb = dtc->wb;
1485         unsigned long wb_reclaimable;
1486
1487         /*
1488          * wb_thresh is not treated as some limiting factor as
1489          * dirty_thresh, due to reasons
1490          * - in JBOD setup, wb_thresh can fluctuate a lot
1491          * - in a system with HDD and USB key, the USB key may somehow
1492          *   go into state (wb_dirty >> wb_thresh) either because
1493          *   wb_dirty starts high, or because wb_thresh drops low.
1494          *   In this case we don't want to hard throttle the USB key
1495          *   dirtiers for 100 seconds until wb_dirty drops under
1496          *   wb_thresh. Instead the auxiliary wb control line in
1497          *   wb_position_ratio() will let the dirtier task progress
1498          *   at some rate <= (write_bw / 2) for bringing down wb_dirty.
1499          */
1500         dtc->wb_thresh = __wb_calc_thresh(dtc);
1501         dtc->wb_bg_thresh = dtc->thresh ?
1502                 div_u64((u64)dtc->wb_thresh * dtc->bg_thresh, dtc->thresh) : 0;
1503
1504         /*
1505          * In order to avoid the stacked BDI deadlock we need
1506          * to ensure we accurately count the 'dirty' pages when
1507          * the threshold is low.
1508          *
1509          * Otherwise it would be possible to get thresh+n pages
1510          * reported dirty, even though there are thresh-m pages
1511          * actually dirty; with m+n sitting in the percpu
1512          * deltas.
1513          */
1514         if (dtc->wb_thresh < 2 * wb_stat_error(wb)) {
1515                 wb_reclaimable = wb_stat_sum(wb, WB_RECLAIMABLE);
1516                 dtc->wb_dirty = wb_reclaimable + wb_stat_sum(wb, WB_WRITEBACK);
1517         } else {
1518                 wb_reclaimable = wb_stat(wb, WB_RECLAIMABLE);
1519                 dtc->wb_dirty = wb_reclaimable + wb_stat(wb, WB_WRITEBACK);
1520         }
1521 }
1522
1523 /*
1524  * balance_dirty_pages() must be called by processes which are generating dirty
1525  * data.  It looks at the number of dirty pages in the machine and will force
1526  * the caller to wait once crossing the (background_thresh + dirty_thresh) / 2.
1527  * If we're over `background_thresh' then the writeback threads are woken to
1528  * perform some writeout.
1529  */
1530 static void balance_dirty_pages(struct address_space *mapping,
1531                                 struct bdi_writeback *wb,
1532                                 unsigned long pages_dirtied)
1533 {
1534         struct dirty_throttle_control gdtc_stor = { GDTC_INIT(wb) };
1535         struct dirty_throttle_control mdtc_stor = { MDTC_INIT(wb, &gdtc_stor) };
1536         struct dirty_throttle_control * const gdtc = &gdtc_stor;
1537         struct dirty_throttle_control * const mdtc = mdtc_valid(&mdtc_stor) ?
1538                                                      &mdtc_stor : NULL;
1539         struct dirty_throttle_control *sdtc;
1540         unsigned long nr_reclaimable;   /* = file_dirty + unstable_nfs */
1541         long period;
1542         long pause;
1543         long max_pause;
1544         long min_pause;
1545         int nr_dirtied_pause;
1546         bool dirty_exceeded = false;
1547         unsigned long task_ratelimit;
1548         unsigned long dirty_ratelimit;
1549         struct backing_dev_info *bdi = wb->bdi;
1550         bool strictlimit = bdi->capabilities & BDI_CAP_STRICTLIMIT;
1551         unsigned long start_time = jiffies;
1552
1553         for (;;) {
1554                 unsigned long now = jiffies;
1555                 unsigned long dirty, thresh, bg_thresh;
1556                 unsigned long m_dirty = 0;      /* stop bogus uninit warnings */
1557                 unsigned long m_thresh = 0;
1558                 unsigned long m_bg_thresh = 0;
1559
1560                 /*
1561                  * Unstable writes are a feature of certain networked
1562                  * filesystems (i.e. NFS) in which data may have been
1563                  * written to the server's write cache, but has not yet
1564                  * been flushed to permanent storage.
1565                  */
1566                 nr_reclaimable = global_page_state(NR_FILE_DIRTY) +
1567                                         global_page_state(NR_UNSTABLE_NFS);
1568                 gdtc->avail = global_dirtyable_memory();
1569                 gdtc->dirty = nr_reclaimable + global_page_state(NR_WRITEBACK);
1570
1571                 domain_dirty_limits(gdtc);
1572
1573                 if (unlikely(strictlimit)) {
1574                         wb_dirty_limits(gdtc);
1575
1576                         dirty = gdtc->wb_dirty;
1577                         thresh = gdtc->wb_thresh;
1578                         bg_thresh = gdtc->wb_bg_thresh;
1579                 } else {
1580                         dirty = gdtc->dirty;
1581                         thresh = gdtc->thresh;
1582                         bg_thresh = gdtc->bg_thresh;
1583                 }
1584
1585                 if (mdtc) {
1586                         unsigned long filepages, headroom, writeback;
1587
1588                         /*
1589                          * If @wb belongs to !root memcg, repeat the same
1590                          * basic calculations for the memcg domain.
1591                          */
1592                         mem_cgroup_wb_stats(wb, &filepages, &headroom,
1593                                             &mdtc->dirty, &writeback);
1594                         mdtc->dirty += writeback;
1595                         mdtc_calc_avail(mdtc, filepages, headroom);
1596
1597                         domain_dirty_limits(mdtc);
1598
1599                         if (unlikely(strictlimit)) {
1600                                 wb_dirty_limits(mdtc);
1601                                 m_dirty = mdtc->wb_dirty;
1602                                 m_thresh = mdtc->wb_thresh;
1603                                 m_bg_thresh = mdtc->wb_bg_thresh;
1604                         } else {
1605                                 m_dirty = mdtc->dirty;
1606                                 m_thresh = mdtc->thresh;
1607                                 m_bg_thresh = mdtc->bg_thresh;
1608                         }
1609                 }
1610
1611                 /*
1612                  * Throttle it only when the background writeback cannot
1613                  * catch-up. This avoids (excessively) small writeouts
1614                  * when the wb limits are ramping up in case of !strictlimit.
1615                  *
1616                  * In strictlimit case make decision based on the wb counters
1617                  * and limits. Small writeouts when the wb limits are ramping
1618                  * up are the price we consciously pay for strictlimit-ing.
1619                  *
1620                  * If memcg domain is in effect, @dirty should be under
1621                  * both global and memcg freerun ceilings.
1622                  */
1623                 if (dirty <= dirty_freerun_ceiling(thresh, bg_thresh) &&
1624                     (!mdtc ||
1625                      m_dirty <= dirty_freerun_ceiling(m_thresh, m_bg_thresh))) {
1626                         unsigned long intv = dirty_poll_interval(dirty, thresh);
1627                         unsigned long m_intv = ULONG_MAX;
1628
1629                         current->dirty_paused_when = now;
1630                         current->nr_dirtied = 0;
1631                         if (mdtc)
1632                                 m_intv = dirty_poll_interval(m_dirty, m_thresh);
1633                         current->nr_dirtied_pause = min(intv, m_intv);
1634                         break;
1635                 }
1636
1637                 if (unlikely(!writeback_in_progress(wb)))
1638                         wb_start_background_writeback(wb);
1639
1640                 /*
1641                  * Calculate global domain's pos_ratio and select the
1642                  * global dtc by default.
1643                  */
1644                 if (!strictlimit)
1645                         wb_dirty_limits(gdtc);
1646
1647                 dirty_exceeded = (gdtc->wb_dirty > gdtc->wb_thresh) &&
1648                         ((gdtc->dirty > gdtc->thresh) || strictlimit);
1649
1650                 wb_position_ratio(gdtc);
1651                 sdtc = gdtc;
1652
1653                 if (mdtc) {
1654                         /*
1655                          * If memcg domain is in effect, calculate its
1656                          * pos_ratio.  @wb should satisfy constraints from
1657                          * both global and memcg domains.  Choose the one
1658                          * w/ lower pos_ratio.
1659                          */
1660                         if (!strictlimit)
1661                                 wb_dirty_limits(mdtc);
1662
1663                         dirty_exceeded |= (mdtc->wb_dirty > mdtc->wb_thresh) &&
1664                                 ((mdtc->dirty > mdtc->thresh) || strictlimit);
1665
1666                         wb_position_ratio(mdtc);
1667                         if (mdtc->pos_ratio < gdtc->pos_ratio)
1668                                 sdtc = mdtc;
1669                 }
1670
1671                 if (dirty_exceeded && !wb->dirty_exceeded)
1672                         wb->dirty_exceeded = 1;
1673
1674                 if (time_is_before_jiffies(wb->bw_time_stamp +
1675                                            BANDWIDTH_INTERVAL)) {
1676                         spin_lock(&wb->list_lock);
1677                         __wb_update_bandwidth(gdtc, mdtc, start_time, true);
1678                         spin_unlock(&wb->list_lock);
1679                 }
1680
1681                 /* throttle according to the chosen dtc */
1682                 dirty_ratelimit = wb->dirty_ratelimit;
1683                 task_ratelimit = ((u64)dirty_ratelimit * sdtc->pos_ratio) >>
1684                                                         RATELIMIT_CALC_SHIFT;
1685                 max_pause = wb_max_pause(wb, sdtc->wb_dirty);
1686                 min_pause = wb_min_pause(wb, max_pause,
1687                                          task_ratelimit, dirty_ratelimit,
1688                                          &nr_dirtied_pause);
1689
1690                 if (unlikely(task_ratelimit == 0)) {
1691                         period = max_pause;
1692                         pause = max_pause;
1693                         goto pause;
1694                 }
1695                 period = HZ * pages_dirtied / task_ratelimit;
1696                 pause = period;
1697                 if (current->dirty_paused_when)
1698                         pause -= now - current->dirty_paused_when;
1699                 /*
1700                  * For less than 1s think time (ext3/4 may block the dirtier
1701                  * for up to 800ms from time to time on 1-HDD; so does xfs,
1702                  * however at much less frequency), try to compensate it in
1703                  * future periods by updating the virtual time; otherwise just
1704                  * do a reset, as it may be a light dirtier.
1705                  */
1706                 if (pause < min_pause) {
1707                         trace_balance_dirty_pages(wb,
1708                                                   sdtc->thresh,
1709                                                   sdtc->bg_thresh,
1710                                                   sdtc->dirty,
1711                                                   sdtc->wb_thresh,
1712                                                   sdtc->wb_dirty,
1713                                                   dirty_ratelimit,
1714                                                   task_ratelimit,
1715                                                   pages_dirtied,
1716                                                   period,
1717                                                   min(pause, 0L),
1718                                                   start_time);
1719                         if (pause < -HZ) {
1720                                 current->dirty_paused_when = now;
1721                                 current->nr_dirtied = 0;
1722                         } else if (period) {
1723                                 current->dirty_paused_when += period;
1724                                 current->nr_dirtied = 0;
1725                         } else if (current->nr_dirtied_pause <= pages_dirtied)
1726                                 current->nr_dirtied_pause += pages_dirtied;
1727                         break;
1728                 }
1729                 if (unlikely(pause > max_pause)) {
1730                         /* for occasional dropped task_ratelimit */
1731                         now += min(pause - max_pause, max_pause);
1732                         pause = max_pause;
1733                 }
1734
1735 pause:
1736                 trace_balance_dirty_pages(wb,
1737                                           sdtc->thresh,
1738                                           sdtc->bg_thresh,
1739                                           sdtc->dirty,
1740                                           sdtc->wb_thresh,
1741                                           sdtc->wb_dirty,
1742                                           dirty_ratelimit,
1743                                           task_ratelimit,
1744                                           pages_dirtied,
1745                                           period,
1746                                           pause,
1747                                           start_time);
1748                 __set_current_state(TASK_KILLABLE);
1749                 io_schedule_timeout(pause);
1750
1751                 current->dirty_paused_when = now + pause;
1752                 current->nr_dirtied = 0;
1753                 current->nr_dirtied_pause = nr_dirtied_pause;
1754
1755                 /*
1756                  * This is typically equal to (dirty < thresh) and can also
1757                  * keep "1000+ dd on a slow USB stick" under control.
1758                  */
1759                 if (task_ratelimit)
1760                         break;
1761
1762                 /*
1763                  * In the case of an unresponding NFS server and the NFS dirty
1764                  * pages exceeds dirty_thresh, give the other good wb's a pipe
1765                  * to go through, so that tasks on them still remain responsive.
1766                  *
1767                  * In theory 1 page is enough to keep the comsumer-producer
1768                  * pipe going: the flusher cleans 1 page => the task dirties 1
1769                  * more page. However wb_dirty has accounting errors.  So use
1770                  * the larger and more IO friendly wb_stat_error.
1771                  */
1772                 if (sdtc->wb_dirty <= wb_stat_error(wb))
1773                         break;
1774
1775                 if (fatal_signal_pending(current))
1776                         break;
1777         }
1778
1779         if (!dirty_exceeded && wb->dirty_exceeded)
1780                 wb->dirty_exceeded = 0;
1781
1782         if (writeback_in_progress(wb))
1783                 return;
1784
1785         /*
1786          * In laptop mode, we wait until hitting the higher threshold before
1787          * starting background writeout, and then write out all the way down
1788          * to the lower threshold.  So slow writers cause minimal disk activity.
1789          *
1790          * In normal mode, we start background writeout at the lower
1791          * background_thresh, to keep the amount of dirty memory low.
1792          */
1793         if (laptop_mode)
1794                 return;
1795
1796         if (nr_reclaimable > gdtc->bg_thresh)
1797                 wb_start_background_writeback(wb);
1798 }
1799
1800 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(int, bdp_ratelimits);
1801
1802 /*
1803  * Normal tasks are throttled by
1804  *      loop {
1805  *              dirty tsk->nr_dirtied_pause pages;
1806  *              take a snap in balance_dirty_pages();
1807  *      }
1808  * However there is a worst case. If every task exit immediately when dirtied
1809  * (tsk->nr_dirtied_pause - 1) pages, balance_dirty_pages() will never be
1810  * called to throttle the page dirties. The solution is to save the not yet
1811  * throttled page dirties in dirty_throttle_leaks on task exit and charge them
1812  * randomly into the running tasks. This works well for the above worst case,
1813  * as the new task will pick up and accumulate the old task's leaked dirty
1814  * count and eventually get throttled.
1815  */
1816 DEFINE_PER_CPU(int, dirty_throttle_leaks) = 0;
1817
1818 /**
1819  * balance_dirty_pages_ratelimited - balance dirty memory state
1820  * @mapping: address_space which was dirtied
1821  *
1822  * Processes which are dirtying memory should call in here once for each page
1823  * which was newly dirtied.  The function will periodically check the system's
1824  * dirty state and will initiate writeback if needed.
1825  *
1826  * On really big machines, get_writeback_state is expensive, so try to avoid
1827  * calling it too often (ratelimiting).  But once we're over the dirty memory
1828  * limit we decrease the ratelimiting by a lot, to prevent individual processes
1829  * from overshooting the limit by (ratelimit_pages) each.
1830  */
1831 void balance_dirty_pages_ratelimited(struct address_space *mapping)
1832 {
1833         struct inode *inode = mapping->host;
1834         struct backing_dev_info *bdi = inode_to_bdi(inode);
1835         struct bdi_writeback *wb = NULL;
1836         int ratelimit;
1837         int *p;
1838
1839         if (!bdi_cap_account_dirty(bdi))
1840                 return;
1841
1842         if (inode_cgwb_enabled(inode))
1843                 wb = wb_get_create_current(bdi, GFP_KERNEL);
1844         if (!wb)
1845                 wb = &bdi->wb;
1846
1847         ratelimit = current->nr_dirtied_pause;
1848         if (wb->dirty_exceeded)
1849                 ratelimit = min(ratelimit, 32 >> (PAGE_SHIFT - 10));
1850
1851         preempt_disable();
1852         /*
1853          * This prevents one CPU to accumulate too many dirtied pages without
1854          * calling into balance_dirty_pages(), which can happen when there are
1855          * 1000+ tasks, all of them start dirtying pages at exactly the same
1856          * time, hence all honoured too large initial task->nr_dirtied_pause.
1857          */
1858         p =  this_cpu_ptr(&bdp_ratelimits);
1859         if (unlikely(current->nr_dirtied >= ratelimit))
1860                 *p = 0;
1861         else if (unlikely(*p >= ratelimit_pages)) {
1862                 *p = 0;
1863                 ratelimit = 0;
1864         }
1865         /*
1866          * Pick up the dirtied pages by the exited tasks. This avoids lots of
1867          * short-lived tasks (eg. gcc invocations in a kernel build) escaping
1868          * the dirty throttling and livelock other long-run dirtiers.
1869          */
1870         p = this_cpu_ptr(&dirty_throttle_leaks);
1871         if (*p > 0 && current->nr_dirtied < ratelimit) {
1872                 unsigned long nr_pages_dirtied;
1873                 nr_pages_dirtied = min(*p, ratelimit - current->nr_dirtied);
1874                 *p -= nr_pages_dirtied;
1875                 current->nr_dirtied += nr_pages_dirtied;
1876         }
1877         preempt_enable();
1878
1879         if (unlikely(current->nr_dirtied >= ratelimit))
1880                 balance_dirty_pages(mapping, wb, current->nr_dirtied);
1881
1882         wb_put(wb);
1883 }
1884 EXPORT_SYMBOL(balance_dirty_pages_ratelimited);
1885
1886 /**
1887  * wb_over_bg_thresh - does @wb need to be written back?
1888  * @wb: bdi_writeback of interest
1889  *
1890  * Determines whether background writeback should keep writing @wb or it's
1891  * clean enough.  Returns %true if writeback should continue.
1892  */
1893 bool wb_over_bg_thresh(struct bdi_writeback *wb)
1894 {
1895         struct dirty_throttle_control gdtc_stor = { GDTC_INIT(wb) };
1896         struct dirty_throttle_control mdtc_stor = { MDTC_INIT(wb, &gdtc_stor) };
1897         struct dirty_throttle_control * const gdtc = &gdtc_stor;
1898         struct dirty_throttle_control * const mdtc = mdtc_valid(&mdtc_stor) ?
1899                                                      &mdtc_stor : NULL;
1900
1901         /*
1902          * Similar to balance_dirty_pages() but ignores pages being written
1903          * as we're trying to decide whether to put more under writeback.
1904          */
1905         gdtc->avail = global_dirtyable_memory();
1906         gdtc->dirty = global_page_state(NR_FILE_DIRTY) +
1907                       global_page_state(NR_UNSTABLE_NFS);
1908         domain_dirty_limits(gdtc);
1909
1910         if (gdtc->dirty > gdtc->bg_thresh)
1911                 return true;
1912
1913         if (wb_stat(wb, WB_RECLAIMABLE) > __wb_calc_thresh(gdtc))
1914                 return true;
1915
1916         if (mdtc) {
1917                 unsigned long filepages, headroom, writeback;
1918
1919                 mem_cgroup_wb_stats(wb, &filepages, &headroom, &mdtc->dirty,
1920                                     &writeback);
1921                 mdtc_calc_avail(mdtc, filepages, headroom);
1922                 domain_dirty_limits(mdtc);      /* ditto, ignore writeback */
1923
1924                 if (mdtc->dirty > mdtc->bg_thresh)
1925                         return true;
1926
1927                 if (wb_stat(wb, WB_RECLAIMABLE) > __wb_calc_thresh(mdtc))
1928                         return true;
1929         }
1930
1931         return false;
1932 }
1933
1934 void throttle_vm_writeout(gfp_t gfp_mask)
1935 {
1936         unsigned long background_thresh;
1937         unsigned long dirty_thresh;
1938
1939         for ( ; ; ) {
1940                 global_dirty_limits(&background_thresh, &dirty_thresh);
1941                 dirty_thresh = hard_dirty_limit(&global_wb_domain, dirty_thresh);
1942
1943                 /*
1944                  * Boost the allowable dirty threshold a bit for page
1945                  * allocators so they don't get DoS'ed by heavy writers
1946                  */
1947                 dirty_thresh += dirty_thresh / 10;      /* wheeee... */
1948
1949                 if (global_page_state(NR_UNSTABLE_NFS) +
1950                         global_page_state(NR_WRITEBACK) <= dirty_thresh)
1951                                 break;
1952                 congestion_wait(BLK_RW_ASYNC, HZ/10);
1953
1954                 /*
1955                  * The caller might hold locks which can prevent IO completion
1956                  * or progress in the filesystem.  So we cannot just sit here
1957                  * waiting for IO to complete.
1958                  */
1959                 if ((gfp_mask & (__GFP_FS|__GFP_IO)) != (__GFP_FS|__GFP_IO))
1960                         break;
1961         }
1962 }
1963
1964 /*
1965  * sysctl handler for /proc/sys/vm/dirty_writeback_centisecs
1966  */
1967 int dirty_writeback_centisecs_handler(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
1968         void __user *buffer, size_t *length, loff_t *ppos)
1969 {
1970         proc_dointvec(table, write, buffer, length, ppos);
1971         return 0;
1972 }
1973
1974 #ifdef CONFIG_BLOCK
1975 void laptop_mode_timer_fn(unsigned long data)
1976 {
1977         struct request_queue *q = (struct request_queue *)data;
1978         int nr_pages = global_page_state(NR_FILE_DIRTY) +
1979                 global_page_state(NR_UNSTABLE_NFS);
1980         struct bdi_writeback *wb;
1981
1982         /*
1983          * We want to write everything out, not just down to the dirty
1984          * threshold
1985          */
1986         if (!bdi_has_dirty_io(&q->backing_dev_info))
1987                 return;
1988
1989         rcu_read_lock();
1990         list_for_each_entry_rcu(wb, &q->backing_dev_info.wb_list, bdi_node)
1991                 if (wb_has_dirty_io(wb))
1992                         wb_start_writeback(wb, nr_pages, true,
1993                                            WB_REASON_LAPTOP_TIMER);
1994         rcu_read_unlock();
1995 }
1996
1997 /*
1998  * We've spun up the disk and we're in laptop mode: schedule writeback
1999  * of all dirty data a few seconds from now.  If the flush is already scheduled
2000  * then push it back - the user is still using the disk.
2001  */
2002 void laptop_io_completion(struct backing_dev_info *info)
2003 {
2004         mod_timer(&info->laptop_mode_wb_timer, jiffies + laptop_mode);
2005 }
2006
2007 /*
2008  * We're in laptop mode and we've just synced. The sync's writes will have
2009  * caused another writeback to be scheduled by laptop_io_completion.
2010  * Nothing needs to be written back anymore, so we unschedule the writeback.
2011  */
2012 void laptop_sync_completion(void)
2013 {
2014         struct backing_dev_info *bdi;
2015
2016         rcu_read_lock();
2017
2018         list_for_each_entry_rcu(bdi, &bdi_list, bdi_list)
2019                 del_timer(&bdi->laptop_mode_wb_timer);
2020
2021         rcu_read_unlock();
2022 }
2023 #endif
2024
2025 /*
2026  * If ratelimit_pages is too high then we can get into dirty-data overload
2027  * if a large number of processes all perform writes at the same time.
2028  * If it is too low then SMP machines will call the (expensive)
2029  * get_writeback_state too often.
2030  *
2031  * Here we set ratelimit_pages to a level which ensures that when all CPUs are
2032  * dirtying in parallel, we cannot go more than 3% (1/32) over the dirty memory
2033  * thresholds.
2034  */
2035
2036 void writeback_set_ratelimit(void)
2037 {
2038         struct wb_domain *dom = &global_wb_domain;
2039         unsigned long background_thresh;
2040         unsigned long dirty_thresh;
2041
2042         global_dirty_limits(&background_thresh, &dirty_thresh);
2043         dom->dirty_limit = dirty_thresh;
2044         ratelimit_pages = dirty_thresh / (num_online_cpus() * 32);
2045         if (ratelimit_pages < 16)
2046                 ratelimit_pages = 16;
2047 }
2048
2049 static int
2050 ratelimit_handler(struct notifier_block *self, unsigned long action,
2051                   void *hcpu)
2052 {
2053
2054         switch (action & ~CPU_TASKS_FROZEN) {
2055         case CPU_ONLINE:
2056         case CPU_DEAD:
2057                 writeback_set_ratelimit();
2058                 return NOTIFY_OK;
2059         default:
2060                 return NOTIFY_DONE;
2061         }
2062 }
2063
2064 static struct notifier_block ratelimit_nb = {
2065         .notifier_call  = ratelimit_handler,
2066         .next           = NULL,
2067 };
2068
2069 /*
2070  * Called early on to tune the page writeback dirty limits.
2071  *
2072  * We used to scale dirty pages according to how total memory
2073  * related to pages that could be allocated for buffers (by
2074  * comparing nr_free_buffer_pages() to vm_total_pages.
2075  *
2076  * However, that was when we used "dirty_ratio" to scale with
2077  * all memory, and we don't do that any more. "dirty_ratio"
2078  * is now applied to total non-HIGHPAGE memory (by subtracting
2079  * totalhigh_pages from vm_total_pages), and as such we can't
2080  * get into the old insane situation any more where we had
2081  * large amounts of dirty pages compared to a small amount of
2082  * non-HIGHMEM memory.
2083  *
2084  * But we might still want to scale the dirty_ratio by how
2085  * much memory the box has..
2086  */
2087 void __init page_writeback_init(void)
2088 {
2089         BUG_ON(wb_domain_init(&global_wb_domain, GFP_KERNEL));
2090
2091         writeback_set_ratelimit();
2092         register_cpu_notifier(&ratelimit_nb);
2093 }
2094
2095 /**
2096  * tag_pages_for_writeback - tag pages to be written by write_cache_pages
2097  * @mapping: address space structure to write
2098  * @start: starting page index
2099  * @end: ending page index (inclusive)
2100  *
2101  * This function scans the page range from @start to @end (inclusive) and tags
2102  * all pages that have DIRTY tag set with a special TOWRITE tag. The idea is
2103  * that write_cache_pages (or whoever calls this function) will then use
2104  * TOWRITE tag to identify pages eligible for writeback.  This mechanism is
2105  * used to avoid livelocking of writeback by a process steadily creating new
2106  * dirty pages in the file (thus it is important for this function to be quick
2107  * so that it can tag pages faster than a dirtying process can create them).
2108  */
2109 /*
2110  * We tag pages in batches of WRITEBACK_TAG_BATCH to reduce tree_lock latency.
2111  */
2112 void tag_pages_for_writeback(struct address_space *mapping,
2113                              pgoff_t start, pgoff_t end)
2114 {
2115 #define WRITEBACK_TAG_BATCH 4096
2116         unsigned long tagged;
2117
2118         do {
2119                 spin_lock_irq(&mapping->tree_lock);
2120                 tagged = radix_tree_range_tag_if_tagged(&mapping->page_tree,
2121                                 &start, end, WRITEBACK_TAG_BATCH,
2122                                 PAGECACHE_TAG_DIRTY, PAGECACHE_TAG_TOWRITE);
2123                 spin_unlock_irq(&mapping->tree_lock);
2124                 WARN_ON_ONCE(tagged > WRITEBACK_TAG_BATCH);
2125                 cond_resched();
2126                 /* We check 'start' to handle wrapping when end == ~0UL */
2127         } while (tagged >= WRITEBACK_TAG_BATCH && start);
2128 }
2129 EXPORT_SYMBOL(tag_pages_for_writeback);
2130
2131 /**
2132  * write_cache_pages - walk the list of dirty pages of the given address space and write all of them.
2133  * @mapping: address space structure to write
2134  * @wbc: subtract the number of written pages from *@wbc->nr_to_write
2135  * @writepage: function called for each page
2136  * @data: data passed to writepage function
2137  *
2138  * If a page is already under I/O, write_cache_pages() skips it, even
2139  * if it's dirty.  This is desirable behaviour for memory-cleaning writeback,
2140  * but it is INCORRECT for data-integrity system calls such as fsync().  fsync()
2141  * and msync() need to guarantee that all the data which was dirty at the time
2142  * the call was made get new I/O started against them.  If wbc->sync_mode is
2143  * WB_SYNC_ALL then we were called for data integrity and we must wait for
2144  * existing IO to complete.
2145  *
2146  * To avoid livelocks (when other process dirties new pages), we first tag
2147  * pages which should be written back with TOWRITE tag and only then start
2148  * writing them. For data-integrity sync we have to be careful so that we do
2149  * not miss some pages (e.g., because some other process has cleared TOWRITE
2150  * tag we set). The rule we follow is that TOWRITE tag can be cleared only
2151  * by the process clearing the DIRTY tag (and submitting the page for IO).
2152  */
2153 int write_cache_pages(struct address_space *mapping,
2154                       struct writeback_control *wbc, writepage_t writepage,
2155                       void *data)
2156 {
2157         int ret = 0;
2158         int done = 0;
2159         struct pagevec pvec;
2160         int nr_pages;
2161         pgoff_t uninitialized_var(writeback_index);
2162         pgoff_t index;
2163         pgoff_t end;            /* Inclusive */
2164         pgoff_t done_index;
2165         int cycled;
2166         int range_whole = 0;
2167         int tag;
2168
2169         pagevec_init(&pvec, 0);
2170         if (wbc->range_cyclic) {
2171                 writeback_index = mapping->writeback_index; /* prev offset */
2172                 index = writeback_index;
2173                 if (index == 0)
2174                         cycled = 1;
2175                 else
2176                         cycled = 0;
2177                 end = -1;
2178         } else {
2179                 index = wbc->range_start >> PAGE_SHIFT;
2180                 end = wbc->range_end >> PAGE_SHIFT;
2181                 if (wbc->range_start == 0 && wbc->range_end == LLONG_MAX)
2182                         range_whole = 1;
2183                 cycled = 1; /* ignore range_cyclic tests */
2184         }
2185         if (wbc->sync_mode == WB_SYNC_ALL || wbc->tagged_writepages)
2186                 tag = PAGECACHE_TAG_TOWRITE;
2187         else
2188                 tag = PAGECACHE_TAG_DIRTY;
2189 retry:
2190         if (wbc->sync_mode == WB_SYNC_ALL || wbc->tagged_writepages)
2191                 tag_pages_for_writeback(mapping, index, end);
2192         done_index = index;
2193         while (!done && (index <= end)) {
2194                 int i;
2195
2196                 nr_pages = pagevec_lookup_tag(&pvec, mapping, &index, tag,
2197                               min(end - index, (pgoff_t)PAGEVEC_SIZE-1) + 1);
2198                 if (nr_pages == 0)
2199                         break;
2200
2201                 for (i = 0; i < nr_pages; i++) {
2202                         struct page *page = pvec.pages[i];
2203
2204                         /*
2205                          * At this point, the page may be truncated or
2206                          * invalidated (changing page->mapping to NULL), or
2207                          * even swizzled back from swapper_space to tmpfs file
2208                          * mapping. However, page->index will not change
2209                          * because we have a reference on the page.
2210                          */
2211                         if (page->index > end) {
2212                                 /*
2213                                  * can't be range_cyclic (1st pass) because
2214                                  * end == -1 in that case.
2215                                  */
2216                                 done = 1;
2217                                 break;
2218                         }
2219
2220                         done_index = page->index;
2221
2222                         lock_page(page);
2223
2224                         /*
2225                          * Page truncated or invalidated. We can freely skip it
2226                          * then, even for data integrity operations: the page
2227                          * has disappeared concurrently, so there could be no
2228                          * real expectation of this data interity operation
2229                          * even if there is now a new, dirty page at the same
2230                          * pagecache address.
2231                          */
2232                         if (unlikely(page->mapping != mapping)) {
2233 continue_unlock:
2234                                 unlock_page(page);
2235                                 continue;
2236                         }
2237
2238                         if (!PageDirty(page)) {
2239                                 /* someone wrote it for us */
2240                                 goto continue_unlock;
2241                         }
2242
2243                         if (PageWriteback(page)) {
2244                                 if (wbc->sync_mode != WB_SYNC_NONE)
2245                                         wait_on_page_writeback(page);
2246                                 else
2247                                         goto continue_unlock;
2248                         }
2249
2250                         BUG_ON(PageWriteback(page));
2251                         if (!clear_page_dirty_for_io(page))
2252                                 goto continue_unlock;
2253
2254                         trace_wbc_writepage(wbc, inode_to_bdi(mapping->host));
2255                         ret = (*writepage)(page, wbc, data);
2256                         if (unlikely(ret)) {
2257                                 if (ret == AOP_WRITEPAGE_ACTIVATE) {
2258                                         unlock_page(page);
2259                                         ret = 0;
2260                                 } else {
2261                                         /*
2262                                          * done_index is set past this page,
2263                                          * so media errors will not choke
2264                                          * background writeout for the entire
2265                                          * file. This has consequences for
2266                                          * range_cyclic semantics (ie. it may
2267                                          * not be suitable for data integrity
2268                                          * writeout).
2269                                          */
2270                                         done_index = page->index + 1;
2271                                         done = 1;
2272                                         break;
2273                                 }
2274                         }
2275
2276                         /*
2277                          * We stop writing back only if we are not doing
2278                          * integrity sync. In case of integrity sync we have to
2279                          * keep going until we have written all the pages
2280                          * we tagged for writeback prior to entering this loop.
2281                          */
2282                         if (--wbc->nr_to_write <= 0 &&
2283                             wbc->sync_mode == WB_SYNC_NONE) {
2284                                 done = 1;
2285                                 break;
2286                         }
2287                 }
2288                 pagevec_release(&pvec);
2289                 cond_resched();
2290         }
2291         if (!cycled && !done) {
2292                 /*
2293                  * range_cyclic:
2294                  * We hit the last page and there is more work to be done: wrap
2295                  * back to the start of the file
2296                  */
2297                 cycled = 1;
2298                 index = 0;
2299                 end = writeback_index - 1;
2300                 goto retry;
2301         }
2302         if (wbc->range_cyclic || (range_whole && wbc->nr_to_write > 0))
2303                 mapping->writeback_index = done_index;
2304
2305         return ret;
2306 }
2307 EXPORT_SYMBOL(write_cache_pages);
2308
2309 /*
2310  * Function used by generic_writepages to call the real writepage
2311  * function and set the mapping flags on error
2312  */
2313 static int __writepage(struct page *page, struct writeback_control *wbc,
2314                        void *data)
2315 {
2316         struct address_space *mapping = data;
2317         int ret = mapping->a_ops->writepage(page, wbc);
2318         mapping_set_error(mapping, ret);
2319         return ret;
2320 }
2321
2322 /**
2323  * generic_writepages - walk the list of dirty pages of the given address space and writepage() all of them.
2324  * @mapping: address space structure to write
2325  * @wbc: subtract the number of written pages from *@wbc->nr_to_write
2326  *
2327  * This is a library function, which implements the writepages()
2328  * address_space_operation.
2329  */
2330 int generic_writepages(struct address_space *mapping,
2331                        struct writeback_control *wbc)
2332 {
2333         struct blk_plug plug;
2334         int ret;
2335
2336         /* deal with chardevs and other special file */
2337         if (!mapping->a_ops->writepage)
2338                 return 0;
2339
2340         blk_start_plug(&plug);
2341         ret = write_cache_pages(mapping, wbc, __writepage, mapping);
2342         blk_finish_plug(&plug);
2343         return ret;
2344 }
2345
2346 EXPORT_SYMBOL(generic_writepages);
2347
2348 int do_writepages(struct address_space *mapping, struct writeback_control *wbc)
2349 {
2350         int ret;
2351
2352         if (wbc->nr_to_write <= 0)
2353                 return 0;
2354         if (mapping->a_ops->writepages)
2355                 ret = mapping->a_ops->writepages(mapping, wbc);
2356         else
2357                 ret = generic_writepages(mapping, wbc);
2358         return ret;
2359 }
2360
2361 /**
2362  * write_one_page - write out a single page and optionally wait on I/O
2363  * @page: the page to write
2364  * @wait: if true, wait on writeout
2365  *
2366  * The page must be locked by the caller and will be unlocked upon return.
2367  *
2368  * write_one_page() returns a negative error code if I/O failed.
2369  */
2370 int write_one_page(struct page *page, int wait)
2371 {
2372         struct address_space *mapping = page->mapping;
2373         int ret = 0;
2374         struct writeback_control wbc = {
2375                 .sync_mode = WB_SYNC_ALL,
2376                 .nr_to_write = 1,
2377         };
2378
2379         BUG_ON(!PageLocked(page));
2380
2381         if (wait)
2382                 wait_on_page_writeback(page);
2383
2384         if (clear_page_dirty_for_io(page)) {
2385                 get_page(page);
2386                 ret = mapping->a_ops->writepage(page, &wbc);
2387                 if (ret == 0 && wait) {
2388                         wait_on_page_writeback(page);
2389                         if (PageError(page))
2390                                 ret = -EIO;
2391                 }
2392                 put_page(page);
2393         } else {
2394                 unlock_page(page);
2395         }
2396         return ret;
2397 }
2398 EXPORT_SYMBOL(write_one_page);
2399
2400 /*
2401  * For address_spaces which do not use buffers nor write back.
2402  */
2403 int __set_page_dirty_no_writeback(struct page *page)
2404 {
2405         if (!PageDirty(page))
2406                 return !TestSetPageDirty(page);
2407         return 0;
2408 }
2409
2410 /*
2411  * Helper function for set_page_dirty family.
2412  *
2413  * Caller must hold lock_page_memcg().
2414  *
2415  * NOTE: This relies on being atomic wrt interrupts.
2416  */
2417 void account_page_dirtied(struct page *page, struct address_space *mapping)
2418 {
2419         struct inode *inode = mapping->host;
2420
2421         trace_writeback_dirty_page(page, mapping);
2422
2423         if (mapping_cap_account_dirty(mapping)) {
2424                 struct bdi_writeback *wb;
2425
2426                 inode_attach_wb(inode, page);
2427                 wb = inode_to_wb(inode);
2428
2429                 mem_cgroup_inc_page_stat(page, MEM_CGROUP_STAT_DIRTY);
2430                 __inc_zone_page_state(page, NR_FILE_DIRTY);
2431                 __inc_zone_page_state(page, NR_DIRTIED);
2432                 __inc_wb_stat(wb, WB_RECLAIMABLE);
2433                 __inc_wb_stat(wb, WB_DIRTIED);
2434                 task_io_account_write(PAGE_SIZE);
2435                 current->nr_dirtied++;
2436                 this_cpu_inc(bdp_ratelimits);
2437         }
2438 }
2439 EXPORT_SYMBOL(account_page_dirtied);
2440
2441 /*
2442  * Helper function for deaccounting dirty page without writeback.
2443  *
2444  * Caller must hold lock_page_memcg().
2445  */
2446 void account_page_cleaned(struct page *page, struct address_space *mapping,
2447                           struct bdi_writeback *wb)
2448 {
2449         if (mapping_cap_account_dirty(mapping)) {
2450                 mem_cgroup_dec_page_stat(page, MEM_CGROUP_STAT_DIRTY);
2451                 dec_zone_page_state(page, NR_FILE_DIRTY);
2452                 dec_wb_stat(wb, WB_RECLAIMABLE);
2453                 task_io_account_cancelled_write(PAGE_SIZE);
2454         }
2455 }
2456
2457 /*
2458  * For address_spaces which do not use buffers.  Just tag the page as dirty in
2459  * its radix tree.
2460  *
2461  * This is also used when a single buffer is being dirtied: we want to set the
2462  * page dirty in that case, but not all the buffers.  This is a "bottom-up"
2463  * dirtying, whereas __set_page_dirty_buffers() is a "top-down" dirtying.
2464  *
2465  * The caller must ensure this doesn't race with truncation.  Most will simply
2466  * hold the page lock, but e.g. zap_pte_range() calls with the page mapped and
2467  * the pte lock held, which also locks out truncation.
2468  */
2469 int __set_page_dirty_nobuffers(struct page *page)
2470 {
2471         lock_page_memcg(page);
2472         if (!TestSetPageDirty(page)) {
2473                 struct address_space *mapping = page_mapping(page);
2474                 unsigned long flags;
2475
2476                 if (!mapping) {
2477                         unlock_page_memcg(page);
2478                         return 1;
2479                 }
2480
2481                 spin_lock_irqsave(&mapping->tree_lock, flags);
2482                 BUG_ON(page_mapping(page) != mapping);
2483                 WARN_ON_ONCE(!PagePrivate(page) && !PageUptodate(page));
2484                 account_page_dirtied(page, mapping);
2485                 radix_tree_tag_set(&mapping->page_tree, page_index(page),
2486                                    PAGECACHE_TAG_DIRTY);
2487                 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&mapping->tree_lock, flags);
2488                 unlock_page_memcg(page);
2489
2490                 if (mapping->host) {
2491                         /* !PageAnon && !swapper_space */
2492                         __mark_inode_dirty(mapping->host, I_DIRTY_PAGES);
2493                 }
2494                 return 1;
2495         }
2496         unlock_page_memcg(page);
2497         return 0;
2498 }
2499 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__set_page_dirty_nobuffers);
2500
2501 /*
2502  * Call this whenever redirtying a page, to de-account the dirty counters
2503  * (NR_DIRTIED, BDI_DIRTIED, tsk->nr_dirtied), so that they match the written
2504  * counters (NR_WRITTEN, BDI_WRITTEN) in long term. The mismatches will lead to
2505  * systematic errors in balanced_dirty_ratelimit and the dirty pages position
2506  * control.
2507  */
2508 void account_page_redirty(struct page *page)
2509 {
2510         struct address_space *mapping = page->mapping;
2511
2512         if (mapping && mapping_cap_account_dirty(mapping)) {
2513                 struct inode *inode = mapping->host;
2514                 struct bdi_writeback *wb;
2515                 bool locked;
2516
2517                 wb = unlocked_inode_to_wb_begin(inode, &locked);
2518                 current->nr_dirtied--;
2519                 dec_zone_page_state(page, NR_DIRTIED);
2520                 dec_wb_stat(wb, WB_DIRTIED);
2521                 unlocked_inode_to_wb_end(inode, locked);
2522         }
2523 }
2524 EXPORT_SYMBOL(account_page_redirty);
2525
2526 /*
2527  * When a writepage implementation decides that it doesn't want to write this
2528  * page for some reason, it should redirty the locked page via
2529  * redirty_page_for_writepage() and it should then unlock the page and return 0
2530  */
2531 int redirty_page_for_writepage(struct writeback_control *wbc, struct page *page)
2532 {
2533         int ret;
2534
2535         wbc->pages_skipped++;
2536         ret = __set_page_dirty_nobuffers(page);
2537         account_page_redirty(page);
2538         return ret;
2539 }
2540 EXPORT_SYMBOL(redirty_page_for_writepage);
2541
2542 /*
2543  * Dirty a page.
2544  *
2545  * For pages with a mapping this should be done under the page lock
2546  * for the benefit of asynchronous memory errors who prefer a consistent
2547  * dirty state. This rule can be broken in some special cases,
2548  * but should be better not to.
2549  *
2550  * If the mapping doesn't provide a set_page_dirty a_op, then
2551  * just fall through and assume that it wants buffer_heads.
2552  */
2553 int set_page_dirty(struct page *page)
2554 {
2555         struct address_space *mapping = page_mapping(page);
2556
2557         if (likely(mapping)) {
2558                 int (*spd)(struct page *) = mapping->a_ops->set_page_dirty;
2559                 /*
2560                  * readahead/lru_deactivate_page could remain
2561                  * PG_readahead/PG_reclaim due to race with end_page_writeback
2562                  * About readahead, if the page is written, the flags would be
2563                  * reset. So no problem.
2564                  * About lru_deactivate_page, if the page is redirty, the flag
2565                  * will be reset. So no problem. but if the page is used by readahead
2566                  * it will confuse readahead and make it restart the size rampup
2567                  * process. But it's a trivial problem.
2568                  */
2569                 if (PageReclaim(page))
2570                         ClearPageReclaim(page);
2571 #ifdef CONFIG_BLOCK
2572                 if (!spd)
2573                         spd = __set_page_dirty_buffers;
2574 #endif
2575                 return (*spd)(page);
2576         }
2577         if (!PageDirty(page)) {
2578                 if (!TestSetPageDirty(page))
2579                         return 1;
2580         }
2581         return 0;
2582 }
2583 EXPORT_SYMBOL(set_page_dirty);
2584
2585 /*
2586  * set_page_dirty() is racy if the caller has no reference against
2587  * page->mapping->host, and if the page is unlocked.  This is because another
2588  * CPU could truncate the page off the mapping and then free the mapping.
2589  *
2590  * Usually, the page _is_ locked, or the caller is a user-space process which
2591  * holds a reference on the inode by having an open file.
2592  *
2593  * In other cases, the page should be locked before running set_page_dirty().
2594  */
2595 int set_page_dirty_lock(struct page *page)
2596 {
2597         int ret;
2598
2599         lock_page(page);
2600         ret = set_page_dirty(page);
2601         unlock_page(page);
2602         return ret;
2603 }
2604 EXPORT_SYMBOL(set_page_dirty_lock);
2605
2606 /*
2607  * This cancels just the dirty bit on the kernel page itself, it does NOT
2608  * actually remove dirty bits on any mmap's that may be around. It also
2609  * leaves the page tagged dirty, so any sync activity will still find it on
2610  * the dirty lists, and in particular, clear_page_dirty_for_io() will still
2611  * look at the dirty bits in the VM.
2612  *
2613  * Doing this should *normally* only ever be done when a page is truncated,
2614  * and is not actually mapped anywhere at all. However, fs/buffer.c does
2615  * this when it notices that somebody has cleaned out all the buffers on a
2616  * page without actually doing it through the VM. Can you say "ext3 is
2617  * horribly ugly"? Thought you could.
2618  */
2619 void cancel_dirty_page(struct page *page)
2620 {
2621         struct address_space *mapping = page_mapping(page);
2622
2623         if (mapping_cap_account_dirty(mapping)) {
2624                 struct inode *inode = mapping->host;
2625                 struct bdi_writeback *wb;
2626                 bool locked;
2627
2628                 lock_page_memcg(page);
2629                 wb = unlocked_inode_to_wb_begin(inode, &locked);
2630
2631                 if (TestClearPageDirty(page))
2632                         account_page_cleaned(page, mapping, wb);
2633
2634                 unlocked_inode_to_wb_end(inode, locked);
2635                 unlock_page_memcg(page);
2636         } else {
2637                 ClearPageDirty(page);
2638         }
2639 }
2640 EXPORT_SYMBOL(cancel_dirty_page);
2641
2642 /*
2643  * Clear a page's dirty flag, while caring for dirty memory accounting.
2644  * Returns true if the page was previously dirty.
2645  *
2646  * This is for preparing to put the page under writeout.  We leave the page
2647  * tagged as dirty in the radix tree so that a concurrent write-for-sync
2648  * can discover it via a PAGECACHE_TAG_DIRTY walk.  The ->writepage
2649  * implementation will run either set_page_writeback() or set_page_dirty(),
2650  * at which stage we bring the page's dirty flag and radix-tree dirty tag
2651  * back into sync.
2652  *
2653  * This incoherency between the page's dirty flag and radix-tree tag is
2654  * unfortunate, but it only exists while the page is locked.
2655  */
2656 int clear_page_dirty_for_io(struct page *page)
2657 {
2658         struct address_space *mapping = page_mapping(page);
2659         int ret = 0;
2660
2661         BUG_ON(!PageLocked(page));
2662
2663         if (mapping && mapping_cap_account_dirty(mapping)) {
2664                 struct inode *inode = mapping->host;
2665                 struct bdi_writeback *wb;
2666                 bool locked;
2667
2668                 /*
2669                  * Yes, Virginia, this is indeed insane.
2670                  *
2671                  * We use this sequence to make sure that
2672                  *  (a) we account for dirty stats properly
2673                  *  (b) we tell the low-level filesystem to
2674                  *      mark the whole page dirty if it was
2675                  *      dirty in a pagetable. Only to then
2676                  *  (c) clean the page again and return 1 to
2677                  *      cause the writeback.
2678                  *
2679                  * This way we avoid all nasty races with the
2680                  * dirty bit in multiple places and clearing
2681                  * them concurrently from different threads.
2682                  *
2683                  * Note! Normally the "set_page_dirty(page)"
2684                  * has no effect on the actual dirty bit - since
2685                  * that will already usually be set. But we
2686                  * need the side effects, and it can help us
2687                  * avoid races.
2688                  *
2689                  * We basically use the page "master dirty bit"
2690                  * as a serialization point for all the different
2691                  * threads doing their things.
2692                  */
2693                 if (page_mkclean(page))
2694                         set_page_dirty(page);
2695                 /*
2696                  * We carefully synchronise fault handlers against
2697                  * installing a dirty pte and marking the page dirty
2698                  * at this point.  We do this by having them hold the
2699                  * page lock while dirtying the page, and pages are
2700                  * always locked coming in here, so we get the desired
2701                  * exclusion.
2702                  */
2703                 wb = unlocked_inode_to_wb_begin(inode, &locked);
2704                 if (TestClearPageDirty(page)) {
2705                         mem_cgroup_dec_page_stat(page, MEM_CGROUP_STAT_DIRTY);
2706                         dec_zone_page_state(page, NR_FILE_DIRTY);
2707                         dec_wb_stat(wb, WB_RECLAIMABLE);
2708                         ret = 1;
2709                 }
2710                 unlocked_inode_to_wb_end(inode, locked);
2711                 return ret;
2712         }
2713         return TestClearPageDirty(page);
2714 }
2715 EXPORT_SYMBOL(clear_page_dirty_for_io);
2716
2717 int test_clear_page_writeback(struct page *page)
2718 {
2719         struct address_space *mapping = page_mapping(page);
2720         int ret;
2721
2722         lock_page_memcg(page);
2723         if (mapping) {
2724                 struct inode *inode = mapping->host;
2725                 struct backing_dev_info *bdi = inode_to_bdi(inode);
2726                 unsigned long flags;
2727
2728                 spin_lock_irqsave(&mapping->tree_lock, flags);
2729                 ret = TestClearPageWriteback(page);
2730                 if (ret) {
2731                         radix_tree_tag_clear(&mapping->page_tree,
2732                                                 page_index(page),
2733                                                 PAGECACHE_TAG_WRITEBACK);
2734                         if (bdi_cap_account_writeback(bdi)) {
2735                                 struct bdi_writeback *wb = inode_to_wb(inode);
2736
2737                                 __dec_wb_stat(wb, WB_WRITEBACK);
2738                                 __wb_writeout_inc(wb);
2739                         }
2740                 }
2741                 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&mapping->tree_lock, flags);
2742         } else {
2743                 ret = TestClearPageWriteback(page);
2744         }
2745         if (ret) {
2746                 mem_cgroup_dec_page_stat(page, MEM_CGROUP_STAT_WRITEBACK);
2747                 dec_zone_page_state(page, NR_WRITEBACK);
2748                 inc_zone_page_state(page, NR_WRITTEN);
2749         }
2750         unlock_page_memcg(page);
2751         return ret;
2752 }
2753
2754 int __test_set_page_writeback(struct page *page, bool keep_write)
2755 {
2756         struct address_space *mapping = page_mapping(page);
2757         int ret;
2758
2759         lock_page_memcg(page);
2760         if (mapping) {
2761                 struct inode *inode = mapping->host;
2762                 struct backing_dev_info *bdi = inode_to_bdi(inode);
2763                 unsigned long flags;
2764
2765                 spin_lock_irqsave(&mapping->tree_lock, flags);
2766                 ret = TestSetPageWriteback(page);
2767                 if (!ret) {
2768                         radix_tree_tag_set(&mapping->page_tree,
2769                                                 page_index(page),
2770                                                 PAGECACHE_TAG_WRITEBACK);
2771                         if (bdi_cap_account_writeback(bdi))
2772                                 __inc_wb_stat(inode_to_wb(inode), WB_WRITEBACK);
2773                 }
2774                 if (!PageDirty(page))
2775                         radix_tree_tag_clear(&mapping->page_tree,
2776                                                 page_index(page),
2777                                                 PAGECACHE_TAG_DIRTY);
2778                 if (!keep_write)
2779                         radix_tree_tag_clear(&mapping->page_tree,
2780                                                 page_index(page),
2781                                                 PAGECACHE_TAG_TOWRITE);
2782                 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&mapping->tree_lock, flags);
2783         } else {
2784                 ret = TestSetPageWriteback(page);
2785         }
2786         if (!ret) {
2787                 mem_cgroup_inc_page_stat(page, MEM_CGROUP_STAT_WRITEBACK);
2788                 inc_zone_page_state(page, NR_WRITEBACK);
2789         }
2790         unlock_page_memcg(page);
2791         return ret;
2792
2793 }
2794 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__test_set_page_writeback);
2795
2796 /*
2797  * Return true if any of the pages in the mapping are marked with the
2798  * passed tag.
2799  */
2800 int mapping_tagged(struct address_space *mapping, int tag)
2801 {
2802         return radix_tree_tagged(&mapping->page_tree, tag);
2803 }
2804 EXPORT_SYMBOL(mapping_tagged);
2805
2806 /**
2807  * wait_for_stable_page() - wait for writeback to finish, if necessary.
2808  * @page:       The page to wait on.
2809  *
2810  * This function determines if the given page is related to a backing device
2811  * that requires page contents to be held stable during writeback.  If so, then
2812  * it will wait for any pending writeback to complete.
2813  */
2814 void wait_for_stable_page(struct page *page)
2815 {
2816         if (bdi_cap_stable_pages_required(inode_to_bdi(page->mapping->host)))
2817                 wait_on_page_writeback(page);
2818 }
2819 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(wait_for_stable_page);