2 * Helpers for formatting and printing strings
4 * Copyright 31 August 2008 James Bottomley
5 * Copyright (C) 2013, Intel Corporation
8 #include <linux/kernel.h>
9 #include <linux/math64.h>
10 #include <linux/export.h>
11 #include <linux/ctype.h>
12 #include <linux/errno.h>
14 #include <linux/limits.h>
16 #include <linux/slab.h>
17 #include <linux/string.h>
18 #include <linux/string_helpers.h>
21 * string_get_size - get the size in the specified units
22 * @size: The size to be converted in blocks
23 * @blk_size: Size of the block (use 1 for size in bytes)
24 * @units: units to use (powers of 1000 or 1024)
25 * @buf: buffer to format to
26 * @len: length of buffer
28 * This function returns a string formatted to 3 significant figures
29 * giving the size in the required units. @buf should have room for
30 * at least 9 bytes and will always be zero terminated.
33 void string_get_size(u64 size, u64 blk_size, const enum string_size_units units,
36 static const char *const units_10[] = {
37 "B", "kB", "MB", "GB", "TB", "PB", "EB", "ZB", "YB"
39 static const char *const units_2[] = {
40 "B", "KiB", "MiB", "GiB", "TiB", "PiB", "EiB", "ZiB", "YiB"
42 static const char *const *const units_str[] = {
43 [STRING_UNITS_10] = units_10,
44 [STRING_UNITS_2] = units_2,
46 static const unsigned int divisor[] = {
47 [STRING_UNITS_10] = 1000,
48 [STRING_UNITS_2] = 1024,
50 static const unsigned int rounding[] = { 500, 50, 5 };
52 u32 remainder = 0, sf_cap;
63 /* This is Napier's algorithm. Reduce the original block size to
65 * coefficient * divisor[units]^i
67 * we do the reduction so both coefficients are just under 32 bits so
68 * that multiplying them together won't overflow 64 bits and we keep
69 * as much precision as possible in the numbers.
71 * Note: it's safe to throw away the remainders here because all the
72 * precision is in the coefficients.
74 while (blk_size >> 32) {
75 do_div(blk_size, divisor[units]);
80 do_div(size, divisor[units]);
84 /* now perform the actual multiplication keeping i as the sum of the
88 /* and logarithmically reduce it until it's just under the divisor */
89 while (size >= divisor[units]) {
90 remainder = do_div(size, divisor[units]);
94 /* work out in j how many digits of precision we need from the
97 for (j = 0; sf_cap*10 < 1000; j++)
100 if (units == STRING_UNITS_2) {
101 /* express the remainder as a decimal. It's currently the
102 * numerator of a fraction whose denominator is
103 * divisor[units], which is 1 << 10 for STRING_UNITS_2 */
108 /* add a 5 to the digit below what will be printed to ensure
109 * an arithmetical round up and carry it through to size */
110 remainder += rounding[j];
111 if (remainder >= 1000) {
117 snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), ".%03u", remainder);
122 if (i >= ARRAY_SIZE(units_2))
125 unit = units_str[units][i];
127 snprintf(buf, len, "%u%s %s", (u32)size,
130 EXPORT_SYMBOL(string_get_size);
132 static bool unescape_space(char **src, char **dst)
134 char *p = *dst, *q = *src;
160 static bool unescape_octal(char **src, char **dst)
162 char *p = *dst, *q = *src;
165 if (isodigit(*q) == 0)
169 while (num < 32 && isodigit(*q) && (q - *src < 3)) {
179 static bool unescape_hex(char **src, char **dst)
181 char *p = *dst, *q = *src;
188 num = digit = hex_to_bin(*q++);
192 digit = hex_to_bin(*q);
195 num = (num << 4) | digit;
203 static bool unescape_special(char **src, char **dst)
205 char *p = *dst, *q = *src;
229 * string_unescape - unquote characters in the given string
230 * @src: source buffer (escaped)
231 * @dst: destination buffer (unescaped)
232 * @size: size of the destination buffer (0 to unlimit)
233 * @flags: combination of the flags (bitwise OR):
237 * '\r' - carriage return
238 * '\t' - horizontal tab
239 * '\v' - vertical tab
241 * '\NNN' - byte with octal value NNN (1 to 3 digits)
243 * '\xHH' - byte with hexadecimal value HH (1 to 2 digits)
245 * '\"' - double quote
250 * all previous together
253 * The function unquotes characters in the given string.
255 * Because the size of the output will be the same as or less than the size of
256 * the input, the transformation may be performed in place.
258 * Caller must provide valid source and destination pointers. Be aware that
259 * destination buffer will always be NULL-terminated. Source string must be
260 * NULL-terminated as well.
263 * The amount of the characters processed to the destination buffer excluding
264 * trailing '\0' is returned.
266 int string_unescape(char *src, char *dst, size_t size, unsigned int flags)
270 while (*src && --size) {
271 if (src[0] == '\\' && src[1] != '\0' && size > 1) {
275 if (flags & UNESCAPE_SPACE &&
276 unescape_space(&src, &out))
279 if (flags & UNESCAPE_OCTAL &&
280 unescape_octal(&src, &out))
283 if (flags & UNESCAPE_HEX &&
284 unescape_hex(&src, &out))
287 if (flags & UNESCAPE_SPECIAL &&
288 unescape_special(&src, &out))
299 EXPORT_SYMBOL(string_unescape);
301 static bool escape_passthrough(unsigned char c, char **dst, char *end)
311 static bool escape_space(unsigned char c, char **dst, char *end)
347 static bool escape_special(unsigned char c, char **dst, char *end)
377 static bool escape_null(unsigned char c, char **dst, char *end)
395 static bool escape_octal(unsigned char c, char **dst, char *end)
403 *out = ((c >> 6) & 0x07) + '0';
406 *out = ((c >> 3) & 0x07) + '0';
409 *out = ((c >> 0) & 0x07) + '0';
416 static bool escape_hex(unsigned char c, char **dst, char *end)
427 *out = hex_asc_hi(c);
430 *out = hex_asc_lo(c);
438 * string_escape_mem - quote characters in the given memory buffer
439 * @src: source buffer (unescaped)
440 * @isz: source buffer size
441 * @dst: destination buffer (escaped)
442 * @osz: destination buffer size
443 * @flags: combination of the flags (bitwise OR):
444 * %ESCAPE_SPACE: (special white space, not space itself)
447 * '\r' - carriage return
448 * '\t' - horizontal tab
449 * '\v' - vertical tab
457 * '\NNN' - byte with octal value NNN (3 digits)
459 * all previous together
461 * escape only non-printable characters (checked by isprint)
463 * all previous together
465 * '\xHH' - byte with hexadecimal value HH (2 digits)
466 * @only: NULL-terminated string containing characters used to limit
467 * the selected escape class. If characters are included in @only
468 * that would not normally be escaped by the classes selected
469 * in @flags, they will be copied to @dst unescaped.
472 * The process of escaping byte buffer includes several parts. They are applied
473 * in the following sequence.
474 * 1. The character is matched to the printable class, if asked, and in
475 * case of match it passes through to the output.
476 * 2. The character is not matched to the one from @only string and thus
477 * must go as-is to the output.
478 * 3. The character is checked if it falls into the class given by @flags.
479 * %ESCAPE_OCTAL and %ESCAPE_HEX are going last since they cover any
480 * character. Note that they actually can't go together, otherwise
481 * %ESCAPE_HEX will be ignored.
483 * Caller must provide valid source and destination pointers. Be aware that
484 * destination buffer will not be NULL-terminated, thus caller have to append
488 * The total size of the escaped output that would be generated for
489 * the given input and flags. To check whether the output was
490 * truncated, compare the return value to osz. There is room left in
491 * dst for a '\0' terminator if and only if ret < osz.
493 int string_escape_mem(const char *src, size_t isz, char *dst, size_t osz,
494 unsigned int flags, const char *only)
498 bool is_dict = only && *only;
501 unsigned char c = *src++;
504 * Apply rules in the following sequence:
505 * - the character is printable, when @flags has
507 * - the @only string is supplied and does not contain a
508 * character under question
509 * - the character doesn't fall into a class of symbols
510 * defined by given @flags
511 * In these cases we just pass through a character to the
514 if ((flags & ESCAPE_NP && isprint(c)) ||
515 (is_dict && !strchr(only, c))) {
518 if (flags & ESCAPE_SPACE && escape_space(c, &p, end))
521 if (flags & ESCAPE_SPECIAL && escape_special(c, &p, end))
524 if (flags & ESCAPE_NULL && escape_null(c, &p, end))
527 /* ESCAPE_OCTAL and ESCAPE_HEX always go last */
528 if (flags & ESCAPE_OCTAL && escape_octal(c, &p, end))
531 if (flags & ESCAPE_HEX && escape_hex(c, &p, end))
535 escape_passthrough(c, &p, end);
540 EXPORT_SYMBOL(string_escape_mem);
543 * Return an allocated string that has been escaped of special characters
544 * and double quotes, making it safe to log in quotes.
546 char *kstrdup_quotable(const char *src, gfp_t gfp)
550 const int flags = ESCAPE_HEX;
551 const char esc[] = "\f\n\r\t\v\a\e\\\"";
557 dlen = string_escape_mem(src, slen, NULL, 0, flags, esc);
558 dst = kmalloc(dlen + 1, gfp);
562 WARN_ON(string_escape_mem(src, slen, dst, dlen, flags, esc) != dlen);
567 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(kstrdup_quotable);
570 * Returns allocated NULL-terminated string containing process
571 * command line, with inter-argument NULLs replaced with spaces,
572 * and other special characters escaped.
574 char *kstrdup_quotable_cmdline(struct task_struct *task, gfp_t gfp)
576 char *buffer, *quoted;
579 buffer = kmalloc(PAGE_SIZE, GFP_KERNEL);
583 res = get_cmdline(task, buffer, PAGE_SIZE - 1);
586 /* Collapse trailing NULLs, leave res pointing to last non-NULL. */
587 while (--res >= 0 && buffer[res] == '\0')
590 /* Replace inter-argument NULLs. */
591 for (i = 0; i <= res; i++)
592 if (buffer[i] == '\0')
595 /* Make sure result is printable. */
596 quoted = kstrdup_quotable(buffer, gfp);
600 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(kstrdup_quotable_cmdline);
603 * Returns allocated NULL-terminated string containing pathname,
604 * with special characters escaped, able to be safely logged. If
605 * there is an error, the leading character will be "<".
607 char *kstrdup_quotable_file(struct file *file, gfp_t gfp)
609 char *temp, *pathname;
612 return kstrdup("<unknown>", gfp);
614 /* We add 11 spaces for ' (deleted)' to be appended */
615 temp = kmalloc(PATH_MAX + 11, GFP_KERNEL);
617 return kstrdup("<no_memory>", gfp);
619 pathname = file_path(file, temp, PATH_MAX + 11);
620 if (IS_ERR(pathname))
621 pathname = kstrdup("<too_long>", gfp);
623 pathname = kstrdup_quotable(pathname, gfp);
628 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(kstrdup_quotable_file);