Merge branches 'pm-opp' and 'pm-cpufreq'

[linux-2.6-microblaze.git] / kernel / trace / trace_osnoise.c

// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
/*
 * OS Noise Tracer: computes the OS Noise suffered by a running thread.
 * Timerlat Tracer: measures the wakeup latency of a timer triggered IRQ and thread.
 *
 * Based on "hwlat_detector" tracer by:
 *   Copyright (C) 2008-2009 Jon Masters, Red Hat, Inc. <jcm@redhat.com>
 *   Copyright (C) 2013-2016 Steven Rostedt, Red Hat, Inc. <srostedt@redhat.com>
 *   With feedback from Clark Williams <williams@redhat.com>
 *
 * And also based on the rtsl tracer presented on:
 *  DE OLIVEIRA, Daniel Bristot, et al. Demystifying the real-time linux
 *  scheduling latency. In: 32nd Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems
 *  (ECRTS 2020). Schloss Dagstuhl-Leibniz-Zentrum fur Informatik, 2020.
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2021 Daniel Bristot de Oliveira, Red Hat, Inc. <bristot@redhat.com>
 */

#include <linux/kthread.h>
#include <linux/tracefs.h>
#include <linux/uaccess.h>
#include <linux/cpumask.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/sched/clock.h>
#include <uapi/linux/sched/types.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include "trace.h"

#ifdef CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC
#include <asm/trace/irq_vectors.h>
#undef TRACE_INCLUDE_PATH
#undef TRACE_INCLUDE_FILE
#endif /* CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC */

#include <trace/events/irq.h>
#include <trace/events/sched.h>

#define CREATE_TRACE_POINTS
#include <trace/events/osnoise.h>

static struct trace_array       *osnoise_trace;

/*
 * Default values.
 */
#define BANNER                  "osnoise: "
#define DEFAULT_SAMPLE_PERIOD   1000000                 /* 1s */
#define DEFAULT_SAMPLE_RUNTIME  1000000                 /* 1s */

#define DEFAULT_TIMERLAT_PERIOD 1000                    /* 1ms */
#define DEFAULT_TIMERLAT_PRIO   95                      /* FIFO 95 */

/*
 * NMI runtime info.
 */
struct osn_nmi {
        u64     count;
        u64     delta_start;
};

/*
 * IRQ runtime info.
 */
struct osn_irq {
        u64     count;
        u64     arrival_time;
        u64     delta_start;
};

#define IRQ_CONTEXT     0
#define THREAD_CONTEXT  1
/*
 * sofirq runtime info.
 */
struct osn_softirq {
        u64     count;
        u64     arrival_time;
        u64     delta_start;
};

/*
 * thread runtime info.
 */
struct osn_thread {
        u64     count;
        u64     arrival_time;
        u64     delta_start;
};

/*
 * Runtime information: this structure saves the runtime information used by
 * one sampling thread.
 */
struct osnoise_variables {
        struct task_struct      *kthread;
        bool                    sampling;
        pid_t                   pid;
        struct osn_nmi          nmi;
        struct osn_irq          irq;
        struct osn_softirq      softirq;
        struct osn_thread       thread;
        local_t                 int_counter;
};

/*
 * Per-cpu runtime information.
 */
DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct osnoise_variables, per_cpu_osnoise_var);

/*
 * this_cpu_osn_var - Return the per-cpu osnoise_variables on its relative CPU
 */
static inline struct osnoise_variables *this_cpu_osn_var(void)
{
        return this_cpu_ptr(&per_cpu_osnoise_var);
}

#ifdef CONFIG_TIMERLAT_TRACER
/*
 * Runtime information for the timer mode.
 */
struct timerlat_variables {
        struct task_struct      *kthread;
        struct hrtimer          timer;
        u64                     rel_period;
        u64                     abs_period;
        bool                    tracing_thread;
        u64                     count;
};

DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct timerlat_variables, per_cpu_timerlat_var);

/*
 * this_cpu_tmr_var - Return the per-cpu timerlat_variables on its relative CPU
 */
static inline struct timerlat_variables *this_cpu_tmr_var(void)
{
        return this_cpu_ptr(&per_cpu_timerlat_var);
}

/*
 * tlat_var_reset - Reset the values of the given timerlat_variables
 */
static inline void tlat_var_reset(void)
{
        struct timerlat_variables *tlat_var;
        int cpu;
        /*
         * So far, all the values are initialized as 0, so
         * zeroing the structure is perfect.
         */
        for_each_cpu(cpu, cpu_online_mask) {
                tlat_var = per_cpu_ptr(&per_cpu_timerlat_var, cpu);
                memset(tlat_var, 0, sizeof(*tlat_var));
        }
}
#else /* CONFIG_TIMERLAT_TRACER */
#define tlat_var_reset()        do {} while (0)
#endif /* CONFIG_TIMERLAT_TRACER */

/*
 * osn_var_reset - Reset the values of the given osnoise_variables
 */
static inline void osn_var_reset(void)
{
        struct osnoise_variables *osn_var;
        int cpu;

        /*
         * So far, all the values are initialized as 0, so
         * zeroing the structure is perfect.
         */
        for_each_cpu(cpu, cpu_online_mask) {
                osn_var = per_cpu_ptr(&per_cpu_osnoise_var, cpu);
                memset(osn_var, 0, sizeof(*osn_var));
        }
}

/*
 * osn_var_reset_all - Reset the value of all per-cpu osnoise_variables
 */
static inline void osn_var_reset_all(void)
{
        osn_var_reset();
        tlat_var_reset();
}

/*
 * Tells NMIs to call back to the osnoise tracer to record timestamps.
 */
bool trace_osnoise_callback_enabled;

/*
 * osnoise sample structure definition. Used to store the statistics of a
 * sample run.
 */
struct osnoise_sample {
        u64                     runtime;        /* runtime */
        u64                     noise;          /* noise */
        u64                     max_sample;     /* max single noise sample */
        int                     hw_count;       /* # HW (incl. hypervisor) interference */
        int                     nmi_count;      /* # NMIs during this sample */
        int                     irq_count;      /* # IRQs during this sample */
        int                     softirq_count;  /* # softirqs during this sample */
        int                     thread_count;   /* # threads during this sample */
};

#ifdef CONFIG_TIMERLAT_TRACER
/*
 * timerlat sample structure definition. Used to store the statistics of
 * a sample run.
 */
struct timerlat_sample {
        u64                     timer_latency;  /* timer_latency */
        unsigned int            seqnum;         /* unique sequence */
        int                     context;        /* timer context */
};
#endif

/*
 * Protect the interface.
 */
struct mutex interface_lock;

/*
 * Tracer data.
 */
static struct osnoise_data {
        u64     sample_period;          /* total sampling period */
        u64     sample_runtime;         /* active sampling portion of period */
        u64     stop_tracing;           /* stop trace in the internal operation (loop/irq) */
        u64     stop_tracing_total;     /* stop trace in the final operation (report/thread) */
#ifdef CONFIG_TIMERLAT_TRACER
        u64     timerlat_period;        /* timerlat period */
        u64     print_stack;            /* print IRQ stack if total > */
        int     timerlat_tracer;        /* timerlat tracer */
#endif
        bool    tainted;                /* infor users and developers about a problem */
} osnoise_data = {
        .sample_period                  = DEFAULT_SAMPLE_PERIOD,
        .sample_runtime                 = DEFAULT_SAMPLE_RUNTIME,
        .stop_tracing                   = 0,
        .stop_tracing_total             = 0,
#ifdef CONFIG_TIMERLAT_TRACER
        .print_stack                    = 0,
        .timerlat_period                = DEFAULT_TIMERLAT_PERIOD,
        .timerlat_tracer                = 0,
#endif
};

/*
 * Boolean variable used to inform that the tracer is currently sampling.
 */
static bool osnoise_busy;

#ifdef CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT
/*
 * Print the osnoise header info.
 */
static void print_osnoise_headers(struct seq_file *s)
{
        if (osnoise_data.tainted)
                seq_puts(s, "# osnoise is tainted!\n");

        seq_puts(s, "#                                _-------=> irqs-off\n");
        seq_puts(s, "#                               / _------=> need-resched\n");
        seq_puts(s, "#                              | / _-----=> need-resched-lazy\n");
        seq_puts(s, "#                              || / _----=> hardirq/softirq\n");
        seq_puts(s, "#                              ||| / _---=> preempt-depth\n");
        seq_puts(s, "#                              |||| / _--=> preempt-lazy-depth\n");
        seq_puts(s, "#                              ||||| / _-=> migrate-disable\n");

        seq_puts(s, "#                              |||||| /          ");
        seq_puts(s, "                                     MAX\n");

        seq_puts(s, "#                              ||||| /                         ");
        seq_puts(s, "                    SINGLE      Interference counters:\n");

        seq_puts(s, "#                              |||||||               RUNTIME   ");
        seq_puts(s, "   NOISE  %% OF CPU  NOISE    +-----------------------------+\n");

        seq_puts(s, "#           TASK-PID      CPU# |||||||   TIMESTAMP    IN US    ");
        seq_puts(s, "   IN US  AVAILABLE  IN US     HW    NMI    IRQ   SIRQ THREAD\n");

        seq_puts(s, "#              | |         |   |||||||      |           |      ");
        seq_puts(s, "       |    |            |      |      |      |      |      |\n");
}
#else /* CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT */
static void print_osnoise_headers(struct seq_file *s)
{
        if (osnoise_data.tainted)
                seq_puts(s, "# osnoise is tainted!\n");

        seq_puts(s, "#                                _-----=> irqs-off\n");
        seq_puts(s, "#                               / _----=> need-resched\n");
        seq_puts(s, "#                              | / _---=> hardirq/softirq\n");
        seq_puts(s, "#                              || / _--=> preempt-depth\n");
        seq_puts(s, "#                              ||| / _-=> migrate-disable     ");
        seq_puts(s, "                    MAX\n");
        seq_puts(s, "#                              |||| /     delay               ");
        seq_puts(s, "                    SINGLE      Interference counters:\n");

        seq_puts(s, "#                              |||||               RUNTIME   ");
        seq_puts(s, "   NOISE  %% OF CPU  NOISE    +-----------------------------+\n");

        seq_puts(s, "#           TASK-PID      CPU# |||||   TIMESTAMP    IN US    ");
        seq_puts(s, "   IN US  AVAILABLE  IN US     HW    NMI    IRQ   SIRQ THREAD\n");

        seq_puts(s, "#              | |         |   |||||      |           |      ");
        seq_puts(s, "       |    |            |      |      |      |      |      |\n");
}
#endif /* CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT */

/*
 * osnoise_taint - report an osnoise error.
 */
#define osnoise_taint(msg) ({                                                   \
        struct trace_array *tr = osnoise_trace;                                 \
                                                                                \
        trace_array_printk_buf(tr->array_buffer.buffer, _THIS_IP_, msg);        \
        osnoise_data.tainted = true;                                            \
})

/*
 * Record an osnoise_sample into the tracer buffer.
 */
static void trace_osnoise_sample(struct osnoise_sample *sample)
{
        struct trace_array *tr = osnoise_trace;
        struct trace_buffer *buffer = tr->array_buffer.buffer;
        struct trace_event_call *call = &event_osnoise;
        struct ring_buffer_event *event;
        struct osnoise_entry *entry;

        event = trace_buffer_lock_reserve(buffer, TRACE_OSNOISE, sizeof(*entry),
                                          tracing_gen_ctx());
        if (!event)
                return;
        entry   = ring_buffer_event_data(event);
        entry->runtime          = sample->runtime;
        entry->noise            = sample->noise;
        entry->max_sample       = sample->max_sample;
        entry->hw_count         = sample->hw_count;
        entry->nmi_count        = sample->nmi_count;
        entry->irq_count        = sample->irq_count;
        entry->softirq_count    = sample->softirq_count;
        entry->thread_count     = sample->thread_count;

        if (!call_filter_check_discard(call, entry, buffer, event))
                trace_buffer_unlock_commit_nostack(buffer, event);
}

#ifdef CONFIG_TIMERLAT_TRACER
/*
 * Print the timerlat header info.
 */
#ifdef CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT
static void print_timerlat_headers(struct seq_file *s)
{
        seq_puts(s, "#                                _-------=> irqs-off\n");
        seq_puts(s, "#                               / _------=> need-resched\n");
        seq_puts(s, "#                              | / _-----=> need-resched-lazy\n");
        seq_puts(s, "#                              || / _----=> hardirq/softirq\n");
        seq_puts(s, "#                              ||| / _---=> preempt-depth\n");
        seq_puts(s, "#                              |||| / _--=> preempt-lazy-depth\n");
        seq_puts(s, "#                              ||||| / _-=> migrate-disable\n");
        seq_puts(s, "#                              |||||| /\n");
        seq_puts(s, "#                              |||||||             ACTIVATION\n");
        seq_puts(s, "#           TASK-PID      CPU# |||||||   TIMESTAMP    ID     ");
        seq_puts(s, "       CONTEXT                LATENCY\n");
        seq_puts(s, "#              | |         |   |||||||      |         |      ");
        seq_puts(s, "            |                       |\n");
}
#else /* CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT */
static void print_timerlat_headers(struct seq_file *s)
{
        seq_puts(s, "#                                _-----=> irqs-off\n");
        seq_puts(s, "#                               / _----=> need-resched\n");
        seq_puts(s, "#                              | / _---=> hardirq/softirq\n");
        seq_puts(s, "#                              || / _--=> preempt-depth\n");
        seq_puts(s, "#                              ||| / _-=> migrate-disable\n");
        seq_puts(s, "#                              |||| /     delay\n");
        seq_puts(s, "#                              |||||            ACTIVATION\n");
        seq_puts(s, "#           TASK-PID      CPU# |||||   TIMESTAMP   ID      ");
        seq_puts(s, "      CONTEXT                 LATENCY\n");
        seq_puts(s, "#              | |         |   |||||      |         |      ");
        seq_puts(s, "            |                       |\n");
}
#endif /* CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT */

/*
 * Record an timerlat_sample into the tracer buffer.
 */
static void trace_timerlat_sample(struct timerlat_sample *sample)
{
        struct trace_array *tr = osnoise_trace;
        struct trace_event_call *call = &event_osnoise;
        struct trace_buffer *buffer = tr->array_buffer.buffer;
        struct ring_buffer_event *event;
        struct timerlat_entry *entry;

        event = trace_buffer_lock_reserve(buffer, TRACE_TIMERLAT, sizeof(*entry),
                                          tracing_gen_ctx());
        if (!event)
                return;
        entry   = ring_buffer_event_data(event);
        entry->seqnum                   = sample->seqnum;
        entry->context                  = sample->context;
        entry->timer_latency            = sample->timer_latency;

        if (!call_filter_check_discard(call, entry, buffer, event))
                trace_buffer_unlock_commit_nostack(buffer, event);
}

#ifdef CONFIG_STACKTRACE

#define MAX_CALLS       256

/*
 * Stack trace will take place only at IRQ level, so, no need
 * to control nesting here.
 */
struct trace_stack {
        int             stack_size;
        int             nr_entries;
        unsigned long   calls[MAX_CALLS];
};

static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct trace_stack, trace_stack);

/*
 * timerlat_save_stack - save a stack trace without printing
 *
 * Save the current stack trace without printing. The
 * stack will be printed later, after the end of the measurement.
 */
static void timerlat_save_stack(int skip)
{
        unsigned int size, nr_entries;
        struct trace_stack *fstack;

        fstack = this_cpu_ptr(&trace_stack);

        size = ARRAY_SIZE(fstack->calls);

        nr_entries = stack_trace_save(fstack->calls, size, skip);

        fstack->stack_size = nr_entries * sizeof(unsigned long);
        fstack->nr_entries = nr_entries;

        return;

}
/*
 * timerlat_dump_stack - dump a stack trace previously saved
 *
 * Dump a saved stack trace into the trace buffer.
 */
static void timerlat_dump_stack(void)
{
        struct trace_event_call *call = &event_osnoise;
        struct trace_array *tr = osnoise_trace;
        struct trace_buffer *buffer = tr->array_buffer.buffer;
        struct ring_buffer_event *event;
        struct trace_stack *fstack;
        struct stack_entry *entry;
        unsigned int size;

        preempt_disable_notrace();
        fstack = this_cpu_ptr(&trace_stack);
        size = fstack->stack_size;

        event = trace_buffer_lock_reserve(buffer, TRACE_STACK, sizeof(*entry) + size,
                                          tracing_gen_ctx());
        if (!event)
                goto out;

        entry = ring_buffer_event_data(event);

        memcpy(&entry->caller, fstack->calls, size);
        entry->size = fstack->nr_entries;

        if (!call_filter_check_discard(call, entry, buffer, event))
                trace_buffer_unlock_commit_nostack(buffer, event);

out:
        preempt_enable_notrace();
}
#else
#define timerlat_dump_stack() do {} while (0)
#define timerlat_save_stack(a) do {} while (0)
#endif /* CONFIG_STACKTRACE */
#endif /* CONFIG_TIMERLAT_TRACER */

/*
 * Macros to encapsulate the time capturing infrastructure.
 */
#define time_get()      trace_clock_local()
#define time_to_us(x)   div_u64(x, 1000)
#define time_sub(a, b)  ((a) - (b))

/*
 * cond_move_irq_delta_start - Forward the delta_start of a running IRQ
 *
 * If an IRQ is preempted by an NMI, its delta_start is pushed forward
 * to discount the NMI interference.
 *
 * See get_int_safe_duration().
 */
static inline void
cond_move_irq_delta_start(struct osnoise_variables *osn_var, u64 duration)
{
        if (osn_var->irq.delta_start)
                osn_var->irq.delta_start += duration;
}

#ifndef CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT
/*
 * cond_move_softirq_delta_start - Forward the delta_start of a running softirq.
 *
 * If a softirq is preempted by an IRQ or NMI, its delta_start is pushed
 * forward to discount the interference.
 *
 * See get_int_safe_duration().
 */
static inline void
cond_move_softirq_delta_start(struct osnoise_variables *osn_var, u64 duration)
{
        if (osn_var->softirq.delta_start)
                osn_var->softirq.delta_start += duration;
}
#else /* CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT */
#define cond_move_softirq_delta_start(osn_var, duration) do {} while (0)
#endif

/*
 * cond_move_thread_delta_start - Forward the delta_start of a running thread
 *
 * If a noisy thread is preempted by an softirq, IRQ or NMI, its delta_start
 * is pushed forward to discount the interference.
 *
 * See get_int_safe_duration().
 */
static inline void
cond_move_thread_delta_start(struct osnoise_variables *osn_var, u64 duration)
{
        if (osn_var->thread.delta_start)
                osn_var->thread.delta_start += duration;
}

/*
 * get_int_safe_duration - Get the duration of a window
 *
 * The irq, softirq and thread varaibles need to have its duration without
 * the interference from higher priority interrupts. Instead of keeping a
 * variable to discount the interrupt interference from these variables, the
 * starting time of these variables are pushed forward with the interrupt's
 * duration. In this way, a single variable is used to:
 *
 *   - Know if a given window is being measured.
 *   - Account its duration.
 *   - Discount the interference.
 *
 * To avoid getting inconsistent values, e.g.,:
 *
 *      now = time_get()
 *              --->    interrupt!
 *                      delta_start -= int duration;
 *              <---
 *      duration = now - delta_start;
 *
 *      result: negative duration if the variable duration before the
 *      interrupt was smaller than the interrupt execution.
 *
 * A counter of interrupts is used. If the counter increased, try
 * to capture an interference safe duration.
 */
static inline s64
get_int_safe_duration(struct osnoise_variables *osn_var, u64 *delta_start)
{
        u64 int_counter, now;
        s64 duration;

        do {
                int_counter = local_read(&osn_var->int_counter);
                /* synchronize with interrupts */
                barrier();

                now = time_get();
                duration = (now - *delta_start);

                /* synchronize with interrupts */
                barrier();
        } while (int_counter != local_read(&osn_var->int_counter));

        /*
         * This is an evidence of race conditions that cause
         * a value to be "discounted" too much.
         */
        if (duration < 0)
                osnoise_taint("Negative duration!\n");

        *delta_start = 0;

        return duration;
}

/*
 *
 * set_int_safe_time - Save the current time on *time, aware of interference
 *
 * Get the time, taking into consideration a possible interference from
 * higher priority interrupts.
 *
 * See get_int_safe_duration() for an explanation.
 */
static u64
set_int_safe_time(struct osnoise_variables *osn_var, u64 *time)
{
        u64 int_counter;

        do {
                int_counter = local_read(&osn_var->int_counter);
                /* synchronize with interrupts */
                barrier();

                *time = time_get();

                /* synchronize with interrupts */
                barrier();
        } while (int_counter != local_read(&osn_var->int_counter));

        return int_counter;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_TIMERLAT_TRACER
/*
 * copy_int_safe_time - Copy *src into *desc aware of interference
 */
static u64
copy_int_safe_time(struct osnoise_variables *osn_var, u64 *dst, u64 *src)
{
        u64 int_counter;

        do {
                int_counter = local_read(&osn_var->int_counter);
                /* synchronize with interrupts */
                barrier();

                *dst = *src;

                /* synchronize with interrupts */
                barrier();
        } while (int_counter != local_read(&osn_var->int_counter));

        return int_counter;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_TIMERLAT_TRACER */

/*
 * trace_osnoise_callback - NMI entry/exit callback
 *
 * This function is called at the entry and exit NMI code. The bool enter
 * distinguishes between either case. This function is used to note a NMI
 * occurrence, compute the noise caused by the NMI, and to remove the noise
 * it is potentially causing on other interference variables.
 */
void trace_osnoise_callback(bool enter)
{
        struct osnoise_variables *osn_var = this_cpu_osn_var();
        u64 duration;

        if (!osn_var->sampling)
                return;

        /*
         * Currently trace_clock_local() calls sched_clock() and the
         * generic version is not NMI safe.
         */
        if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_GENERIC_SCHED_CLOCK)) {
                if (enter) {
                        osn_var->nmi.delta_start = time_get();
                        local_inc(&osn_var->int_counter);
                } else {
                        duration = time_get() - osn_var->nmi.delta_start;

                        trace_nmi_noise(osn_var->nmi.delta_start, duration);

                        cond_move_irq_delta_start(osn_var, duration);
                        cond_move_softirq_delta_start(osn_var, duration);
                        cond_move_thread_delta_start(osn_var, duration);
                }
        }

        if (enter)
                osn_var->nmi.count++;
}

/*
 * osnoise_trace_irq_entry - Note the starting of an IRQ
 *
 * Save the starting time of an IRQ. As IRQs are non-preemptive to other IRQs,
 * it is safe to use a single variable (ons_var->irq) to save the statistics.
 * The arrival_time is used to report... the arrival time. The delta_start
 * is used to compute the duration at the IRQ exit handler. See
 * cond_move_irq_delta_start().
 */
void osnoise_trace_irq_entry(int id)
{
        struct osnoise_variables *osn_var = this_cpu_osn_var();

        if (!osn_var->sampling)
                return;
        /*
         * This value will be used in the report, but not to compute
         * the execution time, so it is safe to get it unsafe.
         */
        osn_var->irq.arrival_time = time_get();
        set_int_safe_time(osn_var, &osn_var->irq.delta_start);
        osn_var->irq.count++;

        local_inc(&osn_var->int_counter);
}

/*
 * osnoise_irq_exit - Note the end of an IRQ, sava data and trace
 *
 * Computes the duration of the IRQ noise, and trace it. Also discounts the
 * interference from other sources of noise could be currently being accounted.
 */
void osnoise_trace_irq_exit(int id, const char *desc)
{
        struct osnoise_variables *osn_var = this_cpu_osn_var();
        int duration;

        if (!osn_var->sampling)
                return;

        duration = get_int_safe_duration(osn_var, &osn_var->irq.delta_start);
        trace_irq_noise(id, desc, osn_var->irq.arrival_time, duration);
        osn_var->irq.arrival_time = 0;
        cond_move_softirq_delta_start(osn_var, duration);
        cond_move_thread_delta_start(osn_var, duration);
}

/*
 * trace_irqentry_callback - Callback to the irq:irq_entry traceevent
 *
 * Used to note the starting of an IRQ occurece.
 */
static void trace_irqentry_callback(void *data, int irq,
                                    struct irqaction *action)
{
        osnoise_trace_irq_entry(irq);
}

/*
 * trace_irqexit_callback - Callback to the irq:irq_exit traceevent
 *
 * Used to note the end of an IRQ occurece.
 */
static void trace_irqexit_callback(void *data, int irq,
                                   struct irqaction *action, int ret)
{
        osnoise_trace_irq_exit(irq, action->name);
}

/*
 * arch specific register function.
 */
int __weak osnoise_arch_register(void)
{
        return 0;
}

/*
 * arch specific unregister function.
 */
void __weak osnoise_arch_unregister(void)
{
        return;
}

/*
 * hook_irq_events - Hook IRQ handling events
 *
 * This function hooks the IRQ related callbacks to the respective trace
 * events.
 */
static int hook_irq_events(void)
{
        int ret;

        ret = register_trace_irq_handler_entry(trace_irqentry_callback, NULL);
        if (ret)
                goto out_err;

        ret = register_trace_irq_handler_exit(trace_irqexit_callback, NULL);
        if (ret)
                goto out_unregister_entry;

        ret = osnoise_arch_register();
        if (ret)
                goto out_irq_exit;

        return 0;

out_irq_exit:
        unregister_trace_irq_handler_exit(trace_irqexit_callback, NULL);
out_unregister_entry:
        unregister_trace_irq_handler_entry(trace_irqentry_callback, NULL);
out_err:
        return -EINVAL;
}

/*
 * unhook_irq_events - Unhook IRQ handling events
 *
 * This function unhooks the IRQ related callbacks to the respective trace
 * events.
 */
static void unhook_irq_events(void)
{
        osnoise_arch_unregister();
        unregister_trace_irq_handler_exit(trace_irqexit_callback, NULL);
        unregister_trace_irq_handler_entry(trace_irqentry_callback, NULL);
}

#ifndef CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT
/*
 * trace_softirq_entry_callback - Note the starting of a softirq
 *
 * Save the starting time of a softirq. As softirqs are non-preemptive to
 * other softirqs, it is safe to use a single variable (ons_var->softirq)
 * to save the statistics. The arrival_time is used to report... the
 * arrival time. The delta_start is used to compute the duration at the
 * softirq exit handler. See cond_move_softirq_delta_start().
 */
static void trace_softirq_entry_callback(void *data, unsigned int vec_nr)
{
        struct osnoise_variables *osn_var = this_cpu_osn_var();

        if (!osn_var->sampling)
                return;
        /*
         * This value will be used in the report, but not to compute
         * the execution time, so it is safe to get it unsafe.
         */
        osn_var->softirq.arrival_time = time_get();
        set_int_safe_time(osn_var, &osn_var->softirq.delta_start);
        osn_var->softirq.count++;

        local_inc(&osn_var->int_counter);
}

/*
 * trace_softirq_exit_callback - Note the end of an softirq
 *
 * Computes the duration of the softirq noise, and trace it. Also discounts the
 * interference from other sources of noise could be currently being accounted.
 */
static void trace_softirq_exit_callback(void *data, unsigned int vec_nr)
{
        struct osnoise_variables *osn_var = this_cpu_osn_var();
        int duration;

        if (!osn_var->sampling)
                return;

#ifdef CONFIG_TIMERLAT_TRACER
        /*
         * If the timerlat is enabled, but the irq handler did
         * not run yet enabling timerlat_tracer, do not trace.
         */
        if (unlikely(osnoise_data.timerlat_tracer)) {
                struct timerlat_variables *tlat_var;
                tlat_var = this_cpu_tmr_var();
                if (!tlat_var->tracing_thread) {
                        osn_var->softirq.arrival_time = 0;
                        osn_var->softirq.delta_start = 0;
                        return;
                }
        }
#endif

        duration = get_int_safe_duration(osn_var, &osn_var->softirq.delta_start);
        trace_softirq_noise(vec_nr, osn_var->softirq.arrival_time, duration);
        cond_move_thread_delta_start(osn_var, duration);
        osn_var->softirq.arrival_time = 0;
}

/*
 * hook_softirq_events - Hook softirq handling events
 *
 * This function hooks the softirq related callbacks to the respective trace
 * events.
 */
static int hook_softirq_events(void)
{
        int ret;

        ret = register_trace_softirq_entry(trace_softirq_entry_callback, NULL);
        if (ret)
                goto out_err;

        ret = register_trace_softirq_exit(trace_softirq_exit_callback, NULL);
        if (ret)
                goto out_unreg_entry;

        return 0;

out_unreg_entry:
        unregister_trace_softirq_entry(trace_softirq_entry_callback, NULL);
out_err:
        return -EINVAL;
}

/*
 * unhook_softirq_events - Unhook softirq handling events
 *
 * This function hooks the softirq related callbacks to the respective trace
 * events.
 */
static void unhook_softirq_events(void)
{
        unregister_trace_softirq_entry(trace_softirq_entry_callback, NULL);
        unregister_trace_softirq_exit(trace_softirq_exit_callback, NULL);
}
#else /* CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT */
/*
 * softirq are threads on the PREEMPT_RT mode.
 */
static int hook_softirq_events(void)
{
        return 0;
}
static void unhook_softirq_events(void)
{
}
#endif

/*
 * thread_entry - Record the starting of a thread noise window
 *
 * It saves the context switch time for a noisy thread, and increments
 * the interference counters.
 */
static void
thread_entry(struct osnoise_variables *osn_var, struct task_struct *t)
{
        if (!osn_var->sampling)
                return;
        /*
         * The arrival time will be used in the report, but not to compute
         * the execution time, so it is safe to get it unsafe.
         */
        osn_var->thread.arrival_time = time_get();

        set_int_safe_time(osn_var, &osn_var->thread.delta_start);

        osn_var->thread.count++;
        local_inc(&osn_var->int_counter);
}

/*
 * thread_exit - Report the end of a thread noise window
 *
 * It computes the total noise from a thread, tracing if needed.
 */
static void
thread_exit(struct osnoise_variables *osn_var, struct task_struct *t)
{
        int duration;

        if (!osn_var->sampling)
                return;

#ifdef CONFIG_TIMERLAT_TRACER
        if (osnoise_data.timerlat_tracer) {
                struct timerlat_variables *tlat_var;
                tlat_var = this_cpu_tmr_var();
                if (!tlat_var->tracing_thread) {
                        osn_var->thread.delta_start = 0;
                        osn_var->thread.arrival_time = 0;
                        return;
                }
        }
#endif

        duration = get_int_safe_duration(osn_var, &osn_var->thread.delta_start);

        trace_thread_noise(t, osn_var->thread.arrival_time, duration);

        osn_var->thread.arrival_time = 0;
}

/*
 * trace_sched_switch - sched:sched_switch trace event handler
 *
 * This function is hooked to the sched:sched_switch trace event, and it is
 * used to record the beginning and to report the end of a thread noise window.
 */
static void
trace_sched_switch_callback(void *data, bool preempt, struct task_struct *p,
                            struct task_struct *n)
{
        struct osnoise_variables *osn_var = this_cpu_osn_var();

        if (p->pid != osn_var->pid)
                thread_exit(osn_var, p);

        if (n->pid != osn_var->pid)
                thread_entry(osn_var, n);
}

/*
 * hook_thread_events - Hook the insturmentation for thread noise
 *
 * Hook the osnoise tracer callbacks to handle the noise from other
 * threads on the necessary kernel events.
 */
static int hook_thread_events(void)
{
        int ret;

        ret = register_trace_sched_switch(trace_sched_switch_callback, NULL);
        if (ret)
                return -EINVAL;

        return 0;
}

/*
 * unhook_thread_events - *nhook the insturmentation for thread noise
 *
 * Unook the osnoise tracer callbacks to handle the noise from other
 * threads on the necessary kernel events.
 */
static void unhook_thread_events(void)
{
        unregister_trace_sched_switch(trace_sched_switch_callback, NULL);
}

/*
 * save_osn_sample_stats - Save the osnoise_sample statistics
 *
 * Save the osnoise_sample statistics before the sampling phase. These
 * values will be used later to compute the diff betwneen the statistics
 * before and after the osnoise sampling.
 */
static void
save_osn_sample_stats(struct osnoise_variables *osn_var, struct osnoise_sample *s)
{
        s->nmi_count = osn_var->nmi.count;
        s->irq_count = osn_var->irq.count;
        s->softirq_count = osn_var->softirq.count;
        s->thread_count = osn_var->thread.count;
}

/*
 * diff_osn_sample_stats - Compute the osnoise_sample statistics
 *
 * After a sample period, compute the difference on the osnoise_sample
 * statistics. The struct osnoise_sample *s contains the statistics saved via
 * save_osn_sample_stats() before the osnoise sampling.
 */
static void
diff_osn_sample_stats(struct osnoise_variables *osn_var, struct osnoise_sample *s)
{
        s->nmi_count = osn_var->nmi.count - s->nmi_count;
        s->irq_count = osn_var->irq.count - s->irq_count;
        s->softirq_count = osn_var->softirq.count - s->softirq_count;
        s->thread_count = osn_var->thread.count - s->thread_count;
}

/*
 * osnoise_stop_tracing - Stop tracing and the tracer.
 */
static __always_inline void osnoise_stop_tracing(void)
{
        struct trace_array *tr = osnoise_trace;

        trace_array_printk_buf(tr->array_buffer.buffer, _THIS_IP_,
                        "stop tracing hit on cpu %d\n", smp_processor_id());

        tracer_tracing_off(tr);
}

/*
 * run_osnoise - Sample the time and look for osnoise
 *
 * Used to capture the time, looking for potential osnoise latency repeatedly.
 * Different from hwlat_detector, it is called with preemption and interrupts
 * enabled. This allows irqs, softirqs and threads to run, interfering on the
 * osnoise sampling thread, as they would do with a regular thread.
 */
static int run_osnoise(void)
{
        struct osnoise_variables *osn_var = this_cpu_osn_var();
        struct trace_array *tr = osnoise_trace;
        u64 start, sample, last_sample;
        u64 last_int_count, int_count;
        s64 noise = 0, max_noise = 0;
        s64 total, last_total = 0;
        struct osnoise_sample s;
        unsigned int threshold;
        u64 runtime, stop_in;
        u64 sum_noise = 0;
        int hw_count = 0;
        int ret = -1;

        /*
         * Considers the current thread as the workload.
         */
        osn_var->pid = current->pid;

        /*
         * Save the current stats for the diff
         */
        save_osn_sample_stats(osn_var, &s);

        /*
         * if threshold is 0, use the default value of 5 us.
         */
        threshold = tracing_thresh ? : 5000;

        /*
         * Make sure NMIs see sampling first
         */
        osn_var->sampling = true;
        barrier();

        /*
         * Transform the *_us config to nanoseconds to avoid the
         * division on the main loop.
         */
        runtime = osnoise_data.sample_runtime * NSEC_PER_USEC;
        stop_in = osnoise_data.stop_tracing * NSEC_PER_USEC;

        /*
         * Start timestemp
         */
        start = time_get();

        /*
         * "previous" loop.
         */
        last_int_count = set_int_safe_time(osn_var, &last_sample);

        do {
                /*
                 * Get sample!
                 */
                int_count = set_int_safe_time(osn_var, &sample);

                noise = time_sub(sample, last_sample);

                /*
                 * This shouldn't happen.
                 */
                if (noise < 0) {
                        osnoise_taint("negative noise!");
                        goto out;
                }

                /*
                 * Sample runtime.
                 */
                total = time_sub(sample, start);

                /*
                 * Check for possible overflows.
                 */
                if (total < last_total) {
                        osnoise_taint("total overflow!");
                        break;
                }

                last_total = total;

                if (noise >= threshold) {
                        int interference = int_count - last_int_count;

                        if (noise > max_noise)
                                max_noise = noise;

                        if (!interference)
                                hw_count++;

                        sum_noise += noise;

                        trace_sample_threshold(last_sample, noise, interference);

                        if (osnoise_data.stop_tracing)
                                if (noise > stop_in)
                                        osnoise_stop_tracing();
                }

                /*
                 * For the non-preemptive kernel config: let threads runs, if
                 * they so wish.
                 */
                cond_resched();

                last_sample = sample;
                last_int_count = int_count;

        } while (total < runtime && !kthread_should_stop());

        /*
         * Finish the above in the view for interrupts.
         */
        barrier();

        osn_var->sampling = false;

        /*
         * Make sure sampling data is no longer updated.
         */
        barrier();

        /*
         * Save noise info.
         */
        s.noise = time_to_us(sum_noise);
        s.runtime = time_to_us(total);
        s.max_sample = time_to_us(max_noise);
        s.hw_count = hw_count;

        /* Save interference stats info */
        diff_osn_sample_stats(osn_var, &s);

        trace_osnoise_sample(&s);

        /* Keep a running maximum ever recorded osnoise "latency" */
        if (max_noise > tr->max_latency) {
                tr->max_latency = max_noise;
                latency_fsnotify(tr);
        }

        if (osnoise_data.stop_tracing_total)
                if (s.noise > osnoise_data.stop_tracing_total)
                        osnoise_stop_tracing();

        return 0;
out:
        return ret;
}

static struct cpumask osnoise_cpumask;
static struct cpumask save_cpumask;

/*
 * osnoise_main - The osnoise detection kernel thread
 *
 * Calls run_osnoise() function to measure the osnoise for the configured runtime,
 * every period.
 */
static int osnoise_main(void *data)
{
        u64 interval;

        while (!kthread_should_stop()) {

                run_osnoise();

                mutex_lock(&interface_lock);
                interval = osnoise_data.sample_period - osnoise_data.sample_runtime;
                mutex_unlock(&interface_lock);

                do_div(interval, USEC_PER_MSEC);

                /*
                 * differently from hwlat_detector, the osnoise tracer can run
                 * without a pause because preemption is on.
                 */
                if (interval < 1) {
                        /* Let synchronize_rcu_tasks() make progress */
                        cond_resched_tasks_rcu_qs();
                        continue;
                }

                if (msleep_interruptible(interval))
                        break;
        }

        return 0;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_TIMERLAT_TRACER
/*
 * timerlat_irq - hrtimer handler for timerlat.
 */
static enum hrtimer_restart timerlat_irq(struct hrtimer *timer)
{
        struct osnoise_variables *osn_var = this_cpu_osn_var();
        struct trace_array *tr = osnoise_trace;
        struct timerlat_variables *tlat;
        struct timerlat_sample s;
        u64 now;
        u64 diff;

        /*
         * I am not sure if the timer was armed for this CPU. So, get
         * the timerlat struct from the timer itself, not from this
         * CPU.
         */
        tlat = container_of(timer, struct timerlat_variables, timer);

        now = ktime_to_ns(hrtimer_cb_get_time(&tlat->timer));

        /*
         * Enable the osnoise: events for thread an softirq.
         */
        tlat->tracing_thread = true;

        osn_var->thread.arrival_time = time_get();

        /*
         * A hardirq is running: the timer IRQ. It is for sure preempting
         * a thread, and potentially preempting a softirq.
         *
         * At this point, it is not interesting to know the duration of the
         * preempted thread (and maybe softirq), but how much time they will
         * delay the beginning of the execution of the timer thread.
         *
         * To get the correct (net) delay added by the softirq, its delta_start
         * is set as the IRQ one. In this way, at the return of the IRQ, the delta
         * start of the sofitrq will be zeroed, accounting then only the time
         * after that.
         *
         * The thread follows the same principle. However, if a softirq is
         * running, the thread needs to receive the softirq delta_start. The
         * reason being is that the softirq will be the last to be unfolded,
         * resseting the thread delay to zero.
         */
#ifndef CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT
        if (osn_var->softirq.delta_start) {
                copy_int_safe_time(osn_var, &osn_var->thread.delta_start,
                                   &osn_var->softirq.delta_start);

                copy_int_safe_time(osn_var, &osn_var->softirq.delta_start,
                                    &osn_var->irq.delta_start);
        } else {
                copy_int_safe_time(osn_var, &osn_var->thread.delta_start,
                                    &osn_var->irq.delta_start);
        }
#else /* CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT */
        /*
         * The sofirqs run as threads on RT, so there is not need
         * to keep track of it.
         */
        copy_int_safe_time(osn_var, &osn_var->thread.delta_start, &osn_var->irq.delta_start);
#endif /* CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT */

        /*
         * Compute the current time with the expected time.
         */
        diff = now - tlat->abs_period;

        tlat->count++;
        s.seqnum = tlat->count;
        s.timer_latency = diff;
        s.context = IRQ_CONTEXT;

        trace_timerlat_sample(&s);

        /* Keep a running maximum ever recorded os noise "latency" */
        if (diff > tr->max_latency) {
                tr->max_latency = diff;
                latency_fsnotify(tr);
        }

        if (osnoise_data.stop_tracing)
                if (time_to_us(diff) >= osnoise_data.stop_tracing)
                        osnoise_stop_tracing();

        wake_up_process(tlat->kthread);

        if (osnoise_data.print_stack)
                timerlat_save_stack(0);

        return HRTIMER_NORESTART;
}

/*
 * wait_next_period - Wait for the next period for timerlat
 */
static int wait_next_period(struct timerlat_variables *tlat)
{
        ktime_t next_abs_period, now;
        u64 rel_period = osnoise_data.timerlat_period * 1000;

        now = hrtimer_cb_get_time(&tlat->timer);
        next_abs_period = ns_to_ktime(tlat->abs_period + rel_period);

        /*
         * Save the next abs_period.
         */
        tlat->abs_period = (u64) ktime_to_ns(next_abs_period);

        /*
         * If the new abs_period is in the past, skip the activation.
         */
        while (ktime_compare(now, next_abs_period) > 0) {
                next_abs_period = ns_to_ktime(tlat->abs_period + rel_period);
                tlat->abs_period = (u64) ktime_to_ns(next_abs_period);
        }

        set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);

        hrtimer_start(&tlat->timer, next_abs_period, HRTIMER_MODE_ABS_PINNED_HARD);
        schedule();
        return 1;
}

/*
 * timerlat_main- Timerlat main
 */
static int timerlat_main(void *data)
{
        struct osnoise_variables *osn_var = this_cpu_osn_var();
        struct timerlat_variables *tlat = this_cpu_tmr_var();
        struct timerlat_sample s;
        struct sched_param sp;
        u64 now, diff;

        /*
         * Make the thread RT, that is how cyclictest is usually used.
         */
        sp.sched_priority = DEFAULT_TIMERLAT_PRIO;
        sched_setscheduler_nocheck(current, SCHED_FIFO, &sp);

        tlat->count = 0;
        tlat->tracing_thread = false;

        hrtimer_init(&tlat->timer, CLOCK_MONOTONIC, HRTIMER_MODE_ABS_PINNED_HARD);
        tlat->timer.function = timerlat_irq;
        tlat->kthread = current;
        osn_var->pid = current->pid;
        /*
         * Anotate the arrival time.
         */
        tlat->abs_period = hrtimer_cb_get_time(&tlat->timer);

        wait_next_period(tlat);

        osn_var->sampling = 1;

        while (!kthread_should_stop()) {
                now = ktime_to_ns(hrtimer_cb_get_time(&tlat->timer));
                diff = now - tlat->abs_period;

                s.seqnum = tlat->count;
                s.timer_latency = diff;
                s.context = THREAD_CONTEXT;

                trace_timerlat_sample(&s);

#ifdef CONFIG_STACKTRACE
                if (osnoise_data.print_stack)
                        if (osnoise_data.print_stack <= time_to_us(diff))
                                timerlat_dump_stack();
#endif /* CONFIG_STACKTRACE */

                tlat->tracing_thread = false;
                if (osnoise_data.stop_tracing_total)
                        if (time_to_us(diff) >= osnoise_data.stop_tracing_total)
                                osnoise_stop_tracing();

                wait_next_period(tlat);
        }

        hrtimer_cancel(&tlat->timer);
        return 0;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_TIMERLAT_TRACER */

/*
 * stop_kthread - stop a workload thread
 */
static void stop_kthread(unsigned int cpu)
{
        struct task_struct *kthread;

        kthread = per_cpu(per_cpu_osnoise_var, cpu).kthread;
        if (kthread)
                kthread_stop(kthread);
        per_cpu(per_cpu_osnoise_var, cpu).kthread = NULL;
}

/*
 * stop_per_cpu_kthread - Stop per-cpu threads
 *
 * Stop the osnoise sampling htread. Use this on unload and at system
 * shutdown.
 */
static void stop_per_cpu_kthreads(void)
{
        int cpu;

        cpus_read_lock();

        for_each_online_cpu(cpu)
                stop_kthread(cpu);

        cpus_read_unlock();
}

/*
 * start_kthread - Start a workload tread
 */
static int start_kthread(unsigned int cpu)
{
        struct task_struct *kthread;
        void *main = osnoise_main;
        char comm[24];

#ifdef CONFIG_TIMERLAT_TRACER
        if (osnoise_data.timerlat_tracer) {
                snprintf(comm, 24, "timerlat/%d", cpu);
                main = timerlat_main;
        } else {
                snprintf(comm, 24, "osnoise/%d", cpu);
        }
#else
        snprintf(comm, 24, "osnoise/%d", cpu);
#endif
        kthread = kthread_create_on_cpu(main, NULL, cpu, comm);

        if (IS_ERR(kthread)) {
                pr_err(BANNER "could not start sampling thread\n");
                stop_per_cpu_kthreads();
                return -ENOMEM;
        }

        per_cpu(per_cpu_osnoise_var, cpu).kthread = kthread;
        wake_up_process(kthread);

        return 0;
}

/*
 * start_per_cpu_kthread - Kick off per-cpu osnoise sampling kthreads
 *
 * This starts the kernel thread that will look for osnoise on many
 * cpus.
 */
static int start_per_cpu_kthreads(struct trace_array *tr)
{
        struct cpumask *current_mask = &save_cpumask;
        int retval = 0;
        int cpu;

        cpus_read_lock();
        /*
         * Run only on CPUs in which trace and osnoise are allowed to run.
         */
        cpumask_and(current_mask, tr->tracing_cpumask, &osnoise_cpumask);
        /*
         * And the CPU is online.
         */
        cpumask_and(current_mask, cpu_online_mask, current_mask);

        for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
                per_cpu(per_cpu_osnoise_var, cpu).kthread = NULL;

        for_each_cpu(cpu, current_mask) {
                retval = start_kthread(cpu);
                if (retval) {
                        stop_per_cpu_kthreads();
                        break;
                }
        }

        cpus_read_unlock();

        return retval;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU
static void osnoise_hotplug_workfn(struct work_struct *dummy)
{
        struct trace_array *tr = osnoise_trace;
        unsigned int cpu = smp_processor_id();


        mutex_lock(&trace_types_lock);

        if (!osnoise_busy)
                goto out_unlock_trace;

        mutex_lock(&interface_lock);
        cpus_read_lock();

        if (!cpumask_test_cpu(cpu, &osnoise_cpumask))
                goto out_unlock;

        if (!cpumask_test_cpu(cpu, tr->tracing_cpumask))
                goto out_unlock;

        start_kthread(cpu);

out_unlock:
        cpus_read_unlock();
        mutex_unlock(&interface_lock);
out_unlock_trace:
        mutex_unlock(&trace_types_lock);
}

static DECLARE_WORK(osnoise_hotplug_work, osnoise_hotplug_workfn);

/*
 * osnoise_cpu_init - CPU hotplug online callback function
 */
static int osnoise_cpu_init(unsigned int cpu)
{
        schedule_work_on(cpu, &osnoise_hotplug_work);
        return 0;
}

/*
 * osnoise_cpu_die - CPU hotplug offline callback function
 */
static int osnoise_cpu_die(unsigned int cpu)
{
        stop_kthread(cpu);
        return 0;
}

static void osnoise_init_hotplug_support(void)
{
        int ret;

        ret = cpuhp_setup_state(CPUHP_AP_ONLINE_DYN, "trace/osnoise:online",
                                osnoise_cpu_init, osnoise_cpu_die);
        if (ret < 0)
                pr_warn(BANNER "Error to init cpu hotplug support\n");

        return;
}
#else /* CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU */
static void osnoise_init_hotplug_support(void)
{
        return;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU */

/*
 * osnoise_cpus_read - Read function for reading the "cpus" file
 * @filp: The active open file structure
 * @ubuf: The userspace provided buffer to read value into
 * @cnt: The maximum number of bytes to read
 * @ppos: The current "file" position
 *
 * Prints the "cpus" output into the user-provided buffer.
 */
static ssize_t
osnoise_cpus_read(struct file *filp, char __user *ubuf, size_t count,
                  loff_t *ppos)
{
        char *mask_str;
        int len;

        mutex_lock(&interface_lock);

        len = snprintf(NULL, 0, "%*pbl\n", cpumask_pr_args(&osnoise_cpumask)) + 1;
        mask_str = kmalloc(len, GFP_KERNEL);
        if (!mask_str) {
                count = -ENOMEM;
                goto out_unlock;
        }

        len = snprintf(mask_str, len, "%*pbl\n", cpumask_pr_args(&osnoise_cpumask));
        if (len >= count) {
                count = -EINVAL;
                goto out_free;
        }

        count = simple_read_from_buffer(ubuf, count, ppos, mask_str, len);

out_free:
        kfree(mask_str);
out_unlock:
        mutex_unlock(&interface_lock);

        return count;
}

static void osnoise_tracer_start(struct trace_array *tr);
static void osnoise_tracer_stop(struct trace_array *tr);

/*
 * osnoise_cpus_write - Write function for "cpus" entry
 * @filp: The active open file structure
 * @ubuf: The user buffer that contains the value to write
 * @cnt: The maximum number of bytes to write to "file"
 * @ppos: The current position in @file
 *
 * This function provides a write implementation for the "cpus"
 * interface to the osnoise trace. By default, it lists all  CPUs,
 * in this way, allowing osnoise threads to run on any online CPU
 * of the system. It serves to restrict the execution of osnoise to the
 * set of CPUs writing via this interface. Note that osnoise also
 * respects the "tracing_cpumask." Hence, osnoise threads will run only
 * on the set of CPUs allowed here AND on "tracing_cpumask." Why not
 * have just "tracing_cpumask?" Because the user might be interested
 * in tracing what is running on other CPUs. For instance, one might
 * run osnoise in one HT CPU while observing what is running on the
 * sibling HT CPU.
 */
static ssize_t
osnoise_cpus_write(struct file *filp, const char __user *ubuf, size_t count,
                   loff_t *ppos)
{
        struct trace_array *tr = osnoise_trace;
        cpumask_var_t osnoise_cpumask_new;
        int running, err;
        char buf[256];

        if (count >= 256)
                return -EINVAL;

        if (copy_from_user(buf, ubuf, count))
                return -EFAULT;

        if (!zalloc_cpumask_var(&osnoise_cpumask_new, GFP_KERNEL))
                return -ENOMEM;

        err = cpulist_parse(buf, osnoise_cpumask_new);
        if (err)
                goto err_free;

        /*
         * trace_types_lock is taken to avoid concurrency on start/stop
         * and osnoise_busy.
         */
        mutex_lock(&trace_types_lock);
        running = osnoise_busy;
        if (running)
                osnoise_tracer_stop(tr);

        mutex_lock(&interface_lock);
        /*
         * osnoise_cpumask is read by CPU hotplug operations.
         */
        cpus_read_lock();

        cpumask_copy(&osnoise_cpumask, osnoise_cpumask_new);

        cpus_read_unlock();
        mutex_unlock(&interface_lock);

        if (running)
                osnoise_tracer_start(tr);
        mutex_unlock(&trace_types_lock);

        free_cpumask_var(osnoise_cpumask_new);
        return count;

err_free:
        free_cpumask_var(osnoise_cpumask_new);

        return err;
}

/*
 * osnoise/runtime_us: cannot be greater than the period.
 */
static struct trace_min_max_param osnoise_runtime = {
        .lock   = &interface_lock,
        .val    = &osnoise_data.sample_runtime,
        .max    = &osnoise_data.sample_period,
        .min    = NULL,
};

/*
 * osnoise/period_us: cannot be smaller than the runtime.
 */
static struct trace_min_max_param osnoise_period = {
        .lock   = &interface_lock,
        .val    = &osnoise_data.sample_period,
        .max    = NULL,
        .min    = &osnoise_data.sample_runtime,
};

/*
 * osnoise/stop_tracing_us: no limit.
 */
static struct trace_min_max_param osnoise_stop_tracing_in = {
        .lock   = &interface_lock,
        .val    = &osnoise_data.stop_tracing,
        .max    = NULL,
        .min    = NULL,
};

/*
 * osnoise/stop_tracing_total_us: no limit.
 */
static struct trace_min_max_param osnoise_stop_tracing_total = {
        .lock   = &interface_lock,
        .val    = &osnoise_data.stop_tracing_total,
        .max    = NULL,
        .min    = NULL,
};

#ifdef CONFIG_TIMERLAT_TRACER
/*
 * osnoise/print_stack: print the stacktrace of the IRQ handler if the total
 * latency is higher than val.
 */
static struct trace_min_max_param osnoise_print_stack = {
        .lock   = &interface_lock,
        .val    = &osnoise_data.print_stack,
        .max    = NULL,
        .min    = NULL,
};

/*
 * osnoise/timerlat_period: min 100 us, max 1 s
 */
u64 timerlat_min_period = 100;
u64 timerlat_max_period = 1000000;
static struct trace_min_max_param timerlat_period = {
        .lock   = &interface_lock,
        .val    = &osnoise_data.timerlat_period,
        .max    = &timerlat_max_period,
        .min    = &timerlat_min_period,
};
#endif

static const struct file_operations cpus_fops = {
        .open           = tracing_open_generic,
        .read           = osnoise_cpus_read,
        .write          = osnoise_cpus_write,
        .llseek         = generic_file_llseek,
};

/*
 * init_tracefs - A function to initialize the tracefs interface files
 *
 * This function creates entries in tracefs for "osnoise" and "timerlat".
 * It creates these directories in the tracing directory, and within that
 * directory the use can change and view the configs.
 */
static int init_tracefs(void)
{
        struct dentry *top_dir;
        struct dentry *tmp;
        int ret;

        ret = tracing_init_dentry();
        if (ret)
                return -ENOMEM;

        top_dir = tracefs_create_dir("osnoise", NULL);
        if (!top_dir)
                return 0;

        tmp = tracefs_create_file("period_us", TRACE_MODE_WRITE, top_dir,
                                  &osnoise_period, &trace_min_max_fops);
        if (!tmp)
                goto err;

        tmp = tracefs_create_file("runtime_us", TRACE_MODE_WRITE, top_dir,
                                  &osnoise_runtime, &trace_min_max_fops);
        if (!tmp)
                goto err;

        tmp = tracefs_create_file("stop_tracing_us", TRACE_MODE_WRITE, top_dir,
                                  &osnoise_stop_tracing_in, &trace_min_max_fops);
        if (!tmp)
                goto err;

        tmp = tracefs_create_file("stop_tracing_total_us", TRACE_MODE_WRITE, top_dir,
                                  &osnoise_stop_tracing_total, &trace_min_max_fops);
        if (!tmp)
                goto err;

        tmp = trace_create_file("cpus", TRACE_MODE_WRITE, top_dir, NULL, &cpus_fops);
        if (!tmp)
                goto err;
#ifdef CONFIG_TIMERLAT_TRACER
#ifdef CONFIG_STACKTRACE
        tmp = tracefs_create_file("print_stack", TRACE_MODE_WRITE, top_dir,
                                  &osnoise_print_stack, &trace_min_max_fops);
        if (!tmp)
                goto err;
#endif

        tmp = tracefs_create_file("timerlat_period_us", TRACE_MODE_WRITE, top_dir,
                                  &timerlat_period, &trace_min_max_fops);
        if (!tmp)
                goto err;
#endif

        return 0;

err:
        tracefs_remove(top_dir);
        return -ENOMEM;
}

static int osnoise_hook_events(void)
{
        int retval;

        /*
         * Trace is already hooked, we are re-enabling from
         * a stop_tracing_*.
         */
        if (trace_osnoise_callback_enabled)
                return 0;

        retval = hook_irq_events();
        if (retval)
                return -EINVAL;

        retval = hook_softirq_events();
        if (retval)
                goto out_unhook_irq;

        retval = hook_thread_events();
        /*
         * All fine!
         */
        if (!retval)
                return 0;

        unhook_softirq_events();
out_unhook_irq:
        unhook_irq_events();
        return -EINVAL;
}

static int __osnoise_tracer_start(struct trace_array *tr)
{
        int retval;

        osn_var_reset_all();

        retval = osnoise_hook_events();
        if (retval)
                return retval;
        /*
         * Make sure NMIs see reseted values.
         */
        barrier();
        trace_osnoise_callback_enabled = true;

        retval = start_per_cpu_kthreads(tr);
        if (retval) {
                unhook_irq_events();
                return retval;
        }

        osnoise_busy = true;

        return 0;
}

static void osnoise_tracer_start(struct trace_array *tr)
{
        int retval;

        if (osnoise_busy)
                return;

        retval = __osnoise_tracer_start(tr);
        if (retval)
                pr_err(BANNER "Error starting osnoise tracer\n");

}

static void osnoise_tracer_stop(struct trace_array *tr)
{
        if (!osnoise_busy)
                return;

        trace_osnoise_callback_enabled = false;
        barrier();

        stop_per_cpu_kthreads();

        unhook_irq_events();
        unhook_softirq_events();
        unhook_thread_events();

        osnoise_busy = false;
}

static int osnoise_tracer_init(struct trace_array *tr)
{

        /* Only allow one instance to enable this */
        if (osnoise_busy)
                return -EBUSY;

        osnoise_trace = tr;
        tr->max_latency = 0;

        osnoise_tracer_start(tr);

        return 0;
}

static void osnoise_tracer_reset(struct trace_array *tr)
{
        osnoise_tracer_stop(tr);
}

static struct tracer osnoise_tracer __read_mostly = {
        .name           = "osnoise",
        .init           = osnoise_tracer_init,
        .reset          = osnoise_tracer_reset,
        .start          = osnoise_tracer_start,
        .stop           = osnoise_tracer_stop,
        .print_header   = print_osnoise_headers,
        .allow_instances = true,
};

#ifdef CONFIG_TIMERLAT_TRACER
static void timerlat_tracer_start(struct trace_array *tr)
{
        int retval;

        if (osnoise_busy)
                return;

        osnoise_data.timerlat_tracer = 1;

        retval = __osnoise_tracer_start(tr);
        if (retval)
                goto out_err;

        return;
out_err:
        pr_err(BANNER "Error starting timerlat tracer\n");
}

static void timerlat_tracer_stop(struct trace_array *tr)
{
        int cpu;

        if (!osnoise_busy)
                return;

        for_each_online_cpu(cpu)
                per_cpu(per_cpu_osnoise_var, cpu).sampling = 0;

        osnoise_tracer_stop(tr);

        osnoise_data.timerlat_tracer = 0;
}

static int timerlat_tracer_init(struct trace_array *tr)
{
        /* Only allow one instance to enable this */
        if (osnoise_busy)
                return -EBUSY;

        osnoise_trace = tr;

        tr->max_latency = 0;

        timerlat_tracer_start(tr);

        return 0;
}

static void timerlat_tracer_reset(struct trace_array *tr)
{
        timerlat_tracer_stop(tr);
}

static struct tracer timerlat_tracer __read_mostly = {
        .name           = "timerlat",
        .init           = timerlat_tracer_init,
        .reset          = timerlat_tracer_reset,
        .start          = timerlat_tracer_start,
        .stop           = timerlat_tracer_stop,
        .print_header   = print_timerlat_headers,
        .allow_instances = true,
};
#endif /* CONFIG_TIMERLAT_TRACER */

__init static int init_osnoise_tracer(void)
{
        int ret;

        mutex_init(&interface_lock);

        cpumask_copy(&osnoise_cpumask, cpu_all_mask);

        ret = register_tracer(&osnoise_tracer);
        if (ret) {
                pr_err(BANNER "Error registering osnoise!\n");
                return ret;
        }

#ifdef CONFIG_TIMERLAT_TRACER
        ret = register_tracer(&timerlat_tracer);
        if (ret) {
                pr_err(BANNER "Error registering timerlat\n");
                return ret;
        }
#endif
        osnoise_init_hotplug_support();

        init_tracefs();

        return 0;
}
late_initcall(init_osnoise_tracer);