1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
3 * kallsyms.c: in-kernel printing of symbolic oopses and stack traces.
5 * Rewritten and vastly simplified by Rusty Russell for in-kernel
7 * Copyright 2002 Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> IBM Corporation
11 * (25/Aug/2004) Paulo Marques <pmarques@grupopie.com>
12 * Changed the compression method from stem compression to "table lookup"
13 * compression (see scripts/kallsyms.c for a more complete description)
15 #include <linux/kallsyms.h>
16 #include <linux/init.h>
17 #include <linux/seq_file.h>
19 #include <linux/kdb.h>
20 #include <linux/err.h>
21 #include <linux/proc_fs.h>
22 #include <linux/sched.h> /* for cond_resched */
23 #include <linux/ctype.h>
24 #include <linux/slab.h>
25 #include <linux/filter.h>
26 #include <linux/ftrace.h>
27 #include <linux/kprobes.h>
28 #include <linux/build_bug.h>
29 #include <linux/compiler.h>
30 #include <linux/module.h>
31 #include <linux/kernel.h>
34 * These will be re-linked against their real values
35 * during the second link stage.
37 extern const unsigned long kallsyms_addresses[] __weak;
38 extern const int kallsyms_offsets[] __weak;
39 extern const u8 kallsyms_names[] __weak;
42 * Tell the compiler that the count isn't in the small data section if the arch
45 extern const unsigned int kallsyms_num_syms
46 __section(".rodata") __attribute__((weak));
48 extern const unsigned long kallsyms_relative_base
49 __section(".rodata") __attribute__((weak));
51 extern const char kallsyms_token_table[] __weak;
52 extern const u16 kallsyms_token_index[] __weak;
54 extern const unsigned int kallsyms_markers[] __weak;
57 * Expand a compressed symbol data into the resulting uncompressed string,
58 * if uncompressed string is too long (>= maxlen), it will be truncated,
59 * given the offset to where the symbol is in the compressed stream.
61 static unsigned int kallsyms_expand_symbol(unsigned int off,
62 char *result, size_t maxlen)
64 int len, skipped_first = 0;
68 /* Get the compressed symbol length from the first symbol byte. */
69 data = &kallsyms_names[off];
74 * Update the offset to return the offset for the next symbol on
75 * the compressed stream.
80 * For every byte on the compressed symbol data, copy the table
81 * entry for that byte.
84 tptr = &kallsyms_token_table[kallsyms_token_index[*data]];
105 /* Return to offset to the next symbol. */
110 * Get symbol type information. This is encoded as a single char at the
111 * beginning of the symbol name.
113 static char kallsyms_get_symbol_type(unsigned int off)
116 * Get just the first code, look it up in the token table,
117 * and return the first char from this token.
119 return kallsyms_token_table[kallsyms_token_index[kallsyms_names[off + 1]]];
124 * Find the offset on the compressed stream given and index in the
127 static unsigned int get_symbol_offset(unsigned long pos)
133 * Use the closest marker we have. We have markers every 256 positions,
134 * so that should be close enough.
136 name = &kallsyms_names[kallsyms_markers[pos >> 8]];
139 * Sequentially scan all the symbols up to the point we're searching
140 * for. Every symbol is stored in a [<len>][<len> bytes of data] format,
141 * so we just need to add the len to the current pointer for every
142 * symbol we wish to skip.
144 for (i = 0; i < (pos & 0xFF); i++)
145 name = name + (*name) + 1;
147 return name - kallsyms_names;
150 static unsigned long kallsyms_sym_address(int idx)
152 if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_KALLSYMS_BASE_RELATIVE))
153 return kallsyms_addresses[idx];
155 /* values are unsigned offsets if --absolute-percpu is not in effect */
156 if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_KALLSYMS_ABSOLUTE_PERCPU))
157 return kallsyms_relative_base + (u32)kallsyms_offsets[idx];
159 /* ...otherwise, positive offsets are absolute values */
160 if (kallsyms_offsets[idx] >= 0)
161 return kallsyms_offsets[idx];
163 /* ...and negative offsets are relative to kallsyms_relative_base - 1 */
164 return kallsyms_relative_base - 1 - kallsyms_offsets[idx];
167 static bool cleanup_symbol_name(char *s)
171 if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_LTO_CLANG))
175 * LLVM appends various suffixes for local functions and variables that
176 * must be promoted to global scope as part of LTO. This can break
177 * hooking of static functions with kprobes. '.' is not a valid
178 * character in an identifier in C. Suffixes observed:
179 * - foo.llvm.[0-9a-f]+
181 * - foo.[0-9a-f]+.cfi_jt
183 res = strchr(s, '.');
189 if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_CFI_CLANG) ||
190 !IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_LTO_CLANG_THIN) ||
191 CONFIG_CLANG_VERSION >= 130000)
195 * Prior to LLVM 13, the following suffixes were observed when thinLTO
196 * and CFI are both enabled:
199 res = strrchr(s, '$');
208 /* Lookup the address for this symbol. Returns 0 if not found. */
209 unsigned long kallsyms_lookup_name(const char *name)
211 char namebuf[KSYM_NAME_LEN];
215 /* Skip the search for empty string. */
219 for (i = 0, off = 0; i < kallsyms_num_syms; i++) {
220 off = kallsyms_expand_symbol(off, namebuf, ARRAY_SIZE(namebuf));
222 if (strcmp(namebuf, name) == 0)
223 return kallsyms_sym_address(i);
225 if (cleanup_symbol_name(namebuf) && strcmp(namebuf, name) == 0)
226 return kallsyms_sym_address(i);
228 return module_kallsyms_lookup_name(name);
231 #ifdef CONFIG_LIVEPATCH
233 * Iterate over all symbols in vmlinux. For symbols from modules use
234 * module_kallsyms_on_each_symbol instead.
236 int kallsyms_on_each_symbol(int (*fn)(void *, const char *, struct module *,
240 char namebuf[KSYM_NAME_LEN];
245 for (i = 0, off = 0; i < kallsyms_num_syms; i++) {
246 off = kallsyms_expand_symbol(off, namebuf, ARRAY_SIZE(namebuf));
247 ret = fn(data, namebuf, NULL, kallsyms_sym_address(i));
254 #endif /* CONFIG_LIVEPATCH */
256 static unsigned long get_symbol_pos(unsigned long addr,
257 unsigned long *symbolsize,
258 unsigned long *offset)
260 unsigned long symbol_start = 0, symbol_end = 0;
261 unsigned long i, low, high, mid;
263 /* This kernel should never had been booted. */
264 if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_KALLSYMS_BASE_RELATIVE))
265 BUG_ON(!kallsyms_addresses);
267 BUG_ON(!kallsyms_offsets);
269 /* Do a binary search on the sorted kallsyms_addresses array. */
271 high = kallsyms_num_syms;
273 while (high - low > 1) {
274 mid = low + (high - low) / 2;
275 if (kallsyms_sym_address(mid) <= addr)
282 * Search for the first aliased symbol. Aliased
283 * symbols are symbols with the same address.
285 while (low && kallsyms_sym_address(low-1) == kallsyms_sym_address(low))
288 symbol_start = kallsyms_sym_address(low);
290 /* Search for next non-aliased symbol. */
291 for (i = low + 1; i < kallsyms_num_syms; i++) {
292 if (kallsyms_sym_address(i) > symbol_start) {
293 symbol_end = kallsyms_sym_address(i);
298 /* If we found no next symbol, we use the end of the section. */
300 if (is_kernel_inittext(addr))
301 symbol_end = (unsigned long)_einittext;
302 else if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_KALLSYMS_ALL))
303 symbol_end = (unsigned long)_end;
305 symbol_end = (unsigned long)_etext;
309 *symbolsize = symbol_end - symbol_start;
311 *offset = addr - symbol_start;
317 * Lookup an address but don't bother to find any names.
319 int kallsyms_lookup_size_offset(unsigned long addr, unsigned long *symbolsize,
320 unsigned long *offset)
322 char namebuf[KSYM_NAME_LEN];
324 if (is_ksym_addr(addr)) {
325 get_symbol_pos(addr, symbolsize, offset);
328 return !!module_address_lookup(addr, symbolsize, offset, NULL, NULL, namebuf) ||
329 !!__bpf_address_lookup(addr, symbolsize, offset, namebuf);
332 static const char *kallsyms_lookup_buildid(unsigned long addr,
333 unsigned long *symbolsize,
334 unsigned long *offset, char **modname,
335 const unsigned char **modbuildid, char *namebuf)
339 namebuf[KSYM_NAME_LEN - 1] = 0;
342 if (is_ksym_addr(addr)) {
345 pos = get_symbol_pos(addr, symbolsize, offset);
347 kallsyms_expand_symbol(get_symbol_offset(pos),
348 namebuf, KSYM_NAME_LEN);
358 /* See if it's in a module or a BPF JITed image. */
359 ret = module_address_lookup(addr, symbolsize, offset,
360 modname, modbuildid, namebuf);
362 ret = bpf_address_lookup(addr, symbolsize,
363 offset, modname, namebuf);
366 ret = ftrace_mod_address_lookup(addr, symbolsize,
367 offset, modname, namebuf);
370 cleanup_symbol_name(namebuf);
376 * - modname is set to NULL if it's in the kernel.
377 * - We guarantee that the returned name is valid until we reschedule even if.
378 * It resides in a module.
379 * - We also guarantee that modname will be valid until rescheduled.
381 const char *kallsyms_lookup(unsigned long addr,
382 unsigned long *symbolsize,
383 unsigned long *offset,
384 char **modname, char *namebuf)
386 return kallsyms_lookup_buildid(addr, symbolsize, offset, modname,
390 int lookup_symbol_name(unsigned long addr, char *symname)
395 symname[KSYM_NAME_LEN - 1] = '\0';
397 if (is_ksym_addr(addr)) {
400 pos = get_symbol_pos(addr, NULL, NULL);
402 kallsyms_expand_symbol(get_symbol_offset(pos),
403 symname, KSYM_NAME_LEN);
406 /* See if it's in a module. */
407 res = lookup_module_symbol_name(addr, symname);
412 cleanup_symbol_name(symname);
416 int lookup_symbol_attrs(unsigned long addr, unsigned long *size,
417 unsigned long *offset, char *modname, char *name)
422 name[KSYM_NAME_LEN - 1] = '\0';
424 if (is_ksym_addr(addr)) {
427 pos = get_symbol_pos(addr, size, offset);
429 kallsyms_expand_symbol(get_symbol_offset(pos),
430 name, KSYM_NAME_LEN);
434 /* See if it's in a module. */
435 res = lookup_module_symbol_attrs(addr, size, offset, modname, name);
440 cleanup_symbol_name(name);
444 /* Look up a kernel symbol and return it in a text buffer. */
445 static int __sprint_symbol(char *buffer, unsigned long address,
446 int symbol_offset, int add_offset, int add_buildid)
449 const unsigned char *buildid;
451 unsigned long offset, size;
454 address += symbol_offset;
455 name = kallsyms_lookup_buildid(address, &size, &offset, &modname, &buildid,
458 return sprintf(buffer, "0x%lx", address - symbol_offset);
461 strcpy(buffer, name);
462 len = strlen(buffer);
463 offset -= symbol_offset;
466 len += sprintf(buffer + len, "+%#lx/%#lx", offset, size);
469 len += sprintf(buffer + len, " [%s", modname);
470 #if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_STACKTRACE_BUILD_ID)
471 if (add_buildid && buildid) {
472 /* build ID should match length of sprintf */
473 #if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_MODULES)
474 static_assert(sizeof(typeof_member(struct module, build_id)) == 20);
476 len += sprintf(buffer + len, " %20phN", buildid);
479 len += sprintf(buffer + len, "]");
486 * sprint_symbol - Look up a kernel symbol and return it in a text buffer
487 * @buffer: buffer to be stored
488 * @address: address to lookup
490 * This function looks up a kernel symbol with @address and stores its name,
491 * offset, size and module name to @buffer if possible. If no symbol was found,
492 * just saves its @address as is.
494 * This function returns the number of bytes stored in @buffer.
496 int sprint_symbol(char *buffer, unsigned long address)
498 return __sprint_symbol(buffer, address, 0, 1, 0);
500 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(sprint_symbol);
503 * sprint_symbol_build_id - Look up a kernel symbol and return it in a text buffer
504 * @buffer: buffer to be stored
505 * @address: address to lookup
507 * This function looks up a kernel symbol with @address and stores its name,
508 * offset, size, module name and module build ID to @buffer if possible. If no
509 * symbol was found, just saves its @address as is.
511 * This function returns the number of bytes stored in @buffer.
513 int sprint_symbol_build_id(char *buffer, unsigned long address)
515 return __sprint_symbol(buffer, address, 0, 1, 1);
517 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(sprint_symbol_build_id);
520 * sprint_symbol_no_offset - Look up a kernel symbol and return it in a text buffer
521 * @buffer: buffer to be stored
522 * @address: address to lookup
524 * This function looks up a kernel symbol with @address and stores its name
525 * and module name to @buffer if possible. If no symbol was found, just saves
526 * its @address as is.
528 * This function returns the number of bytes stored in @buffer.
530 int sprint_symbol_no_offset(char *buffer, unsigned long address)
532 return __sprint_symbol(buffer, address, 0, 0, 0);
534 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(sprint_symbol_no_offset);
537 * sprint_backtrace - Look up a backtrace symbol and return it in a text buffer
538 * @buffer: buffer to be stored
539 * @address: address to lookup
541 * This function is for stack backtrace and does the same thing as
542 * sprint_symbol() but with modified/decreased @address. If there is a
543 * tail-call to the function marked "noreturn", gcc optimized out code after
544 * the call so that the stack-saved return address could point outside of the
545 * caller. This function ensures that kallsyms will find the original caller
546 * by decreasing @address.
548 * This function returns the number of bytes stored in @buffer.
550 int sprint_backtrace(char *buffer, unsigned long address)
552 return __sprint_symbol(buffer, address, -1, 1, 0);
556 * sprint_backtrace_build_id - Look up a backtrace symbol and return it in a text buffer
557 * @buffer: buffer to be stored
558 * @address: address to lookup
560 * This function is for stack backtrace and does the same thing as
561 * sprint_symbol() but with modified/decreased @address. If there is a
562 * tail-call to the function marked "noreturn", gcc optimized out code after
563 * the call so that the stack-saved return address could point outside of the
564 * caller. This function ensures that kallsyms will find the original caller
565 * by decreasing @address. This function also appends the module build ID to
566 * the @buffer if @address is within a kernel module.
568 * This function returns the number of bytes stored in @buffer.
570 int sprint_backtrace_build_id(char *buffer, unsigned long address)
572 return __sprint_symbol(buffer, address, -1, 1, 1);
575 /* To avoid using get_symbol_offset for every symbol, we carry prefix along. */
576 struct kallsym_iter {
580 loff_t pos_ftrace_mod_end;
583 unsigned int nameoff; /* If iterating in core kernel symbols. */
585 char name[KSYM_NAME_LEN];
586 char module_name[MODULE_NAME_LEN];
591 int __weak arch_get_kallsym(unsigned int symnum, unsigned long *value,
592 char *type, char *name)
597 static int get_ksymbol_arch(struct kallsym_iter *iter)
599 int ret = arch_get_kallsym(iter->pos - kallsyms_num_syms,
600 &iter->value, &iter->type,
604 iter->pos_arch_end = iter->pos;
611 static int get_ksymbol_mod(struct kallsym_iter *iter)
613 int ret = module_get_kallsym(iter->pos - iter->pos_arch_end,
614 &iter->value, &iter->type,
615 iter->name, iter->module_name,
618 iter->pos_mod_end = iter->pos;
626 * ftrace_mod_get_kallsym() may also get symbols for pages allocated for ftrace
627 * purposes. In that case "__builtin__ftrace" is used as a module name, even
628 * though "__builtin__ftrace" is not a module.
630 static int get_ksymbol_ftrace_mod(struct kallsym_iter *iter)
632 int ret = ftrace_mod_get_kallsym(iter->pos - iter->pos_mod_end,
633 &iter->value, &iter->type,
634 iter->name, iter->module_name,
637 iter->pos_ftrace_mod_end = iter->pos;
644 static int get_ksymbol_bpf(struct kallsym_iter *iter)
648 strlcpy(iter->module_name, "bpf", MODULE_NAME_LEN);
650 ret = bpf_get_kallsym(iter->pos - iter->pos_ftrace_mod_end,
651 &iter->value, &iter->type,
654 iter->pos_bpf_end = iter->pos;
662 * This uses "__builtin__kprobes" as a module name for symbols for pages
663 * allocated for kprobes' purposes, even though "__builtin__kprobes" is not a
666 static int get_ksymbol_kprobe(struct kallsym_iter *iter)
668 strlcpy(iter->module_name, "__builtin__kprobes", MODULE_NAME_LEN);
670 return kprobe_get_kallsym(iter->pos - iter->pos_bpf_end,
671 &iter->value, &iter->type,
672 iter->name) < 0 ? 0 : 1;
675 /* Returns space to next name. */
676 static unsigned long get_ksymbol_core(struct kallsym_iter *iter)
678 unsigned off = iter->nameoff;
680 iter->module_name[0] = '\0';
681 iter->value = kallsyms_sym_address(iter->pos);
683 iter->type = kallsyms_get_symbol_type(off);
685 off = kallsyms_expand_symbol(off, iter->name, ARRAY_SIZE(iter->name));
687 return off - iter->nameoff;
690 static void reset_iter(struct kallsym_iter *iter, loff_t new_pos)
692 iter->name[0] = '\0';
693 iter->nameoff = get_symbol_offset(new_pos);
696 iter->pos_arch_end = 0;
697 iter->pos_mod_end = 0;
698 iter->pos_ftrace_mod_end = 0;
699 iter->pos_bpf_end = 0;
704 * The end position (last + 1) of each additional kallsyms section is recorded
705 * in iter->pos_..._end as each section is added, and so can be used to
706 * determine which get_ksymbol_...() function to call next.
708 static int update_iter_mod(struct kallsym_iter *iter, loff_t pos)
712 if ((!iter->pos_arch_end || iter->pos_arch_end > pos) &&
713 get_ksymbol_arch(iter))
716 if ((!iter->pos_mod_end || iter->pos_mod_end > pos) &&
717 get_ksymbol_mod(iter))
720 if ((!iter->pos_ftrace_mod_end || iter->pos_ftrace_mod_end > pos) &&
721 get_ksymbol_ftrace_mod(iter))
724 if ((!iter->pos_bpf_end || iter->pos_bpf_end > pos) &&
725 get_ksymbol_bpf(iter))
728 return get_ksymbol_kprobe(iter);
731 /* Returns false if pos at or past end of file. */
732 static int update_iter(struct kallsym_iter *iter, loff_t pos)
734 /* Module symbols can be accessed randomly. */
735 if (pos >= kallsyms_num_syms)
736 return update_iter_mod(iter, pos);
738 /* If we're not on the desired position, reset to new position. */
739 if (pos != iter->pos)
740 reset_iter(iter, pos);
742 iter->nameoff += get_ksymbol_core(iter);
748 static void *s_next(struct seq_file *m, void *p, loff_t *pos)
752 if (!update_iter(m->private, *pos))
757 static void *s_start(struct seq_file *m, loff_t *pos)
759 if (!update_iter(m->private, *pos))
764 static void s_stop(struct seq_file *m, void *p)
768 static int s_show(struct seq_file *m, void *p)
771 struct kallsym_iter *iter = m->private;
773 /* Some debugging symbols have no name. Ignore them. */
777 value = iter->show_value ? (void *)iter->value : NULL;
779 if (iter->module_name[0]) {
783 * Label it "global" if it is exported,
784 * "local" if not exported.
786 type = iter->exported ? toupper(iter->type) :
788 seq_printf(m, "%px %c %s\t[%s]\n", value,
789 type, iter->name, iter->module_name);
791 seq_printf(m, "%px %c %s\n", value,
792 iter->type, iter->name);
796 static const struct seq_operations kallsyms_op = {
803 static inline int kallsyms_for_perf(void)
805 #ifdef CONFIG_PERF_EVENTS
806 extern int sysctl_perf_event_paranoid;
807 if (sysctl_perf_event_paranoid <= 1)
814 * We show kallsyms information even to normal users if we've enabled
815 * kernel profiling and are explicitly not paranoid (so kptr_restrict
816 * is clear, and sysctl_perf_event_paranoid isn't set).
818 * Otherwise, require CAP_SYSLOG (assuming kptr_restrict isn't set to
821 bool kallsyms_show_value(const struct cred *cred)
823 switch (kptr_restrict) {
825 if (kallsyms_for_perf())
829 if (security_capable(cred, &init_user_ns, CAP_SYSLOG,
830 CAP_OPT_NOAUDIT) == 0)
838 static int kallsyms_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
841 * We keep iterator in m->private, since normal case is to
842 * s_start from where we left off, so we avoid doing
843 * using get_symbol_offset for every symbol.
845 struct kallsym_iter *iter;
846 iter = __seq_open_private(file, &kallsyms_op, sizeof(*iter));
852 * Instead of checking this on every s_show() call, cache
853 * the result here at open time.
855 iter->show_value = kallsyms_show_value(file->f_cred);
859 #ifdef CONFIG_KGDB_KDB
860 const char *kdb_walk_kallsyms(loff_t *pos)
862 static struct kallsym_iter kdb_walk_kallsyms_iter;
864 memset(&kdb_walk_kallsyms_iter, 0,
865 sizeof(kdb_walk_kallsyms_iter));
866 reset_iter(&kdb_walk_kallsyms_iter, 0);
869 if (!update_iter(&kdb_walk_kallsyms_iter, *pos))
872 /* Some debugging symbols have no name. Ignore them. */
873 if (kdb_walk_kallsyms_iter.name[0])
874 return kdb_walk_kallsyms_iter.name;
877 #endif /* CONFIG_KGDB_KDB */
879 static const struct proc_ops kallsyms_proc_ops = {
880 .proc_open = kallsyms_open,
881 .proc_read = seq_read,
882 .proc_lseek = seq_lseek,
883 .proc_release = seq_release_private,
886 static int __init kallsyms_init(void)
888 proc_create("kallsyms", 0444, NULL, &kallsyms_proc_ops);
891 device_initcall(kallsyms_init);