1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
3 * kallsyms.c: in-kernel printing of symbolic oopses and stack traces.
5 * Rewritten and vastly simplified by Rusty Russell for in-kernel
7 * Copyright 2002 Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> IBM Corporation
11 * (25/Aug/2004) Paulo Marques <pmarques@grupopie.com>
12 * Changed the compression method from stem compression to "table lookup"
13 * compression (see scripts/kallsyms.c for a more complete description)
15 #include <linux/kallsyms.h>
16 #include <linux/init.h>
17 #include <linux/seq_file.h>
19 #include <linux/kdb.h>
20 #include <linux/err.h>
21 #include <linux/proc_fs.h>
22 #include <linux/sched.h> /* for cond_resched */
23 #include <linux/ctype.h>
24 #include <linux/slab.h>
25 #include <linux/filter.h>
26 #include <linux/ftrace.h>
27 #include <linux/kprobes.h>
28 #include <linux/build_bug.h>
29 #include <linux/compiler.h>
30 #include <linux/module.h>
31 #include <linux/kernel.h>
34 * These will be re-linked against their real values
35 * during the second link stage.
37 extern const unsigned long kallsyms_addresses[] __weak;
38 extern const int kallsyms_offsets[] __weak;
39 extern const u8 kallsyms_names[] __weak;
42 * Tell the compiler that the count isn't in the small data section if the arch
45 extern const unsigned int kallsyms_num_syms
46 __section(".rodata") __attribute__((weak));
48 extern const unsigned long kallsyms_relative_base
49 __section(".rodata") __attribute__((weak));
51 extern const char kallsyms_token_table[] __weak;
52 extern const u16 kallsyms_token_index[] __weak;
54 extern const unsigned int kallsyms_markers[] __weak;
57 * Expand a compressed symbol data into the resulting uncompressed string,
58 * if uncompressed string is too long (>= maxlen), it will be truncated,
59 * given the offset to where the symbol is in the compressed stream.
61 static unsigned int kallsyms_expand_symbol(unsigned int off,
62 char *result, size_t maxlen)
64 int len, skipped_first = 0;
68 /* Get the compressed symbol length from the first symbol byte. */
69 data = &kallsyms_names[off];
74 * Update the offset to return the offset for the next symbol on
75 * the compressed stream.
80 * For every byte on the compressed symbol data, copy the table
81 * entry for that byte.
84 tptr = &kallsyms_token_table[kallsyms_token_index[*data]];
105 /* Return to offset to the next symbol. */
110 * Get symbol type information. This is encoded as a single char at the
111 * beginning of the symbol name.
113 static char kallsyms_get_symbol_type(unsigned int off)
116 * Get just the first code, look it up in the token table,
117 * and return the first char from this token.
119 return kallsyms_token_table[kallsyms_token_index[kallsyms_names[off + 1]]];
124 * Find the offset on the compressed stream given and index in the
127 static unsigned int get_symbol_offset(unsigned long pos)
133 * Use the closest marker we have. We have markers every 256 positions,
134 * so that should be close enough.
136 name = &kallsyms_names[kallsyms_markers[pos >> 8]];
139 * Sequentially scan all the symbols up to the point we're searching
140 * for. Every symbol is stored in a [<len>][<len> bytes of data] format,
141 * so we just need to add the len to the current pointer for every
142 * symbol we wish to skip.
144 for (i = 0; i < (pos & 0xFF); i++)
145 name = name + (*name) + 1;
147 return name - kallsyms_names;
150 static unsigned long kallsyms_sym_address(int idx)
152 if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_KALLSYMS_BASE_RELATIVE))
153 return kallsyms_addresses[idx];
155 /* values are unsigned offsets if --absolute-percpu is not in effect */
156 if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_KALLSYMS_ABSOLUTE_PERCPU))
157 return kallsyms_relative_base + (u32)kallsyms_offsets[idx];
159 /* ...otherwise, positive offsets are absolute values */
160 if (kallsyms_offsets[idx] >= 0)
161 return kallsyms_offsets[idx];
163 /* ...and negative offsets are relative to kallsyms_relative_base - 1 */
164 return kallsyms_relative_base - 1 - kallsyms_offsets[idx];
167 #if defined(CONFIG_CFI_CLANG) && defined(CONFIG_LTO_CLANG_THIN)
169 * LLVM appends a hash to static function names when ThinLTO and CFI are
170 * both enabled, i.e. foo() becomes foo$707af9a22804d33c81801f27dcfe489b.
171 * This causes confusion and potentially breaks user space tools, so we
172 * strip the suffix from expanded symbol names.
174 static inline bool cleanup_symbol_name(char *s)
178 res = strrchr(s, '$');
185 static inline bool cleanup_symbol_name(char *s) { return false; }
188 /* Lookup the address for this symbol. Returns 0 if not found. */
189 unsigned long kallsyms_lookup_name(const char *name)
191 char namebuf[KSYM_NAME_LEN];
195 for (i = 0, off = 0; i < kallsyms_num_syms; i++) {
196 off = kallsyms_expand_symbol(off, namebuf, ARRAY_SIZE(namebuf));
198 if (strcmp(namebuf, name) == 0)
199 return kallsyms_sym_address(i);
201 if (cleanup_symbol_name(namebuf) && strcmp(namebuf, name) == 0)
202 return kallsyms_sym_address(i);
204 return module_kallsyms_lookup_name(name);
207 #ifdef CONFIG_LIVEPATCH
209 * Iterate over all symbols in vmlinux. For symbols from modules use
210 * module_kallsyms_on_each_symbol instead.
212 int kallsyms_on_each_symbol(int (*fn)(void *, const char *, struct module *,
216 char namebuf[KSYM_NAME_LEN];
221 for (i = 0, off = 0; i < kallsyms_num_syms; i++) {
222 off = kallsyms_expand_symbol(off, namebuf, ARRAY_SIZE(namebuf));
223 ret = fn(data, namebuf, NULL, kallsyms_sym_address(i));
229 #endif /* CONFIG_LIVEPATCH */
231 static unsigned long get_symbol_pos(unsigned long addr,
232 unsigned long *symbolsize,
233 unsigned long *offset)
235 unsigned long symbol_start = 0, symbol_end = 0;
236 unsigned long i, low, high, mid;
238 /* This kernel should never had been booted. */
239 if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_KALLSYMS_BASE_RELATIVE))
240 BUG_ON(!kallsyms_addresses);
242 BUG_ON(!kallsyms_offsets);
244 /* Do a binary search on the sorted kallsyms_addresses array. */
246 high = kallsyms_num_syms;
248 while (high - low > 1) {
249 mid = low + (high - low) / 2;
250 if (kallsyms_sym_address(mid) <= addr)
257 * Search for the first aliased symbol. Aliased
258 * symbols are symbols with the same address.
260 while (low && kallsyms_sym_address(low-1) == kallsyms_sym_address(low))
263 symbol_start = kallsyms_sym_address(low);
265 /* Search for next non-aliased symbol. */
266 for (i = low + 1; i < kallsyms_num_syms; i++) {
267 if (kallsyms_sym_address(i) > symbol_start) {
268 symbol_end = kallsyms_sym_address(i);
273 /* If we found no next symbol, we use the end of the section. */
275 if (is_kernel_inittext(addr))
276 symbol_end = (unsigned long)_einittext;
277 else if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_KALLSYMS_ALL))
278 symbol_end = (unsigned long)_end;
280 symbol_end = (unsigned long)_etext;
284 *symbolsize = symbol_end - symbol_start;
286 *offset = addr - symbol_start;
292 * Lookup an address but don't bother to find any names.
294 int kallsyms_lookup_size_offset(unsigned long addr, unsigned long *symbolsize,
295 unsigned long *offset)
297 char namebuf[KSYM_NAME_LEN];
299 if (is_ksym_addr(addr)) {
300 get_symbol_pos(addr, symbolsize, offset);
303 return !!module_address_lookup(addr, symbolsize, offset, NULL, NULL, namebuf) ||
304 !!__bpf_address_lookup(addr, symbolsize, offset, namebuf);
307 static const char *kallsyms_lookup_buildid(unsigned long addr,
308 unsigned long *symbolsize,
309 unsigned long *offset, char **modname,
310 const unsigned char **modbuildid, char *namebuf)
314 namebuf[KSYM_NAME_LEN - 1] = 0;
317 if (is_ksym_addr(addr)) {
320 pos = get_symbol_pos(addr, symbolsize, offset);
322 kallsyms_expand_symbol(get_symbol_offset(pos),
323 namebuf, KSYM_NAME_LEN);
333 /* See if it's in a module or a BPF JITed image. */
334 ret = module_address_lookup(addr, symbolsize, offset,
335 modname, modbuildid, namebuf);
337 ret = bpf_address_lookup(addr, symbolsize,
338 offset, modname, namebuf);
341 ret = ftrace_mod_address_lookup(addr, symbolsize,
342 offset, modname, namebuf);
345 cleanup_symbol_name(namebuf);
351 * - modname is set to NULL if it's in the kernel.
352 * - We guarantee that the returned name is valid until we reschedule even if.
353 * It resides in a module.
354 * - We also guarantee that modname will be valid until rescheduled.
356 const char *kallsyms_lookup(unsigned long addr,
357 unsigned long *symbolsize,
358 unsigned long *offset,
359 char **modname, char *namebuf)
361 return kallsyms_lookup_buildid(addr, symbolsize, offset, modname,
365 int lookup_symbol_name(unsigned long addr, char *symname)
370 symname[KSYM_NAME_LEN - 1] = '\0';
372 if (is_ksym_addr(addr)) {
375 pos = get_symbol_pos(addr, NULL, NULL);
377 kallsyms_expand_symbol(get_symbol_offset(pos),
378 symname, KSYM_NAME_LEN);
381 /* See if it's in a module. */
382 res = lookup_module_symbol_name(addr, symname);
387 cleanup_symbol_name(symname);
391 int lookup_symbol_attrs(unsigned long addr, unsigned long *size,
392 unsigned long *offset, char *modname, char *name)
397 name[KSYM_NAME_LEN - 1] = '\0';
399 if (is_ksym_addr(addr)) {
402 pos = get_symbol_pos(addr, size, offset);
404 kallsyms_expand_symbol(get_symbol_offset(pos),
405 name, KSYM_NAME_LEN);
409 /* See if it's in a module. */
410 res = lookup_module_symbol_attrs(addr, size, offset, modname, name);
415 cleanup_symbol_name(name);
419 /* Look up a kernel symbol and return it in a text buffer. */
420 static int __sprint_symbol(char *buffer, unsigned long address,
421 int symbol_offset, int add_offset, int add_buildid)
424 const unsigned char *buildid;
426 unsigned long offset, size;
429 address += symbol_offset;
430 name = kallsyms_lookup_buildid(address, &size, &offset, &modname, &buildid,
433 return sprintf(buffer, "0x%lx", address - symbol_offset);
436 strcpy(buffer, name);
437 len = strlen(buffer);
438 offset -= symbol_offset;
441 len += sprintf(buffer + len, "+%#lx/%#lx", offset, size);
444 len += sprintf(buffer + len, " [%s", modname);
445 #if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_STACKTRACE_BUILD_ID)
446 if (add_buildid && buildid) {
447 /* build ID should match length of sprintf */
448 #if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_MODULES)
449 static_assert(sizeof(typeof_member(struct module, build_id)) == 20);
451 len += sprintf(buffer + len, " %20phN", buildid);
454 len += sprintf(buffer + len, "]");
461 * sprint_symbol - Look up a kernel symbol and return it in a text buffer
462 * @buffer: buffer to be stored
463 * @address: address to lookup
465 * This function looks up a kernel symbol with @address and stores its name,
466 * offset, size and module name to @buffer if possible. If no symbol was found,
467 * just saves its @address as is.
469 * This function returns the number of bytes stored in @buffer.
471 int sprint_symbol(char *buffer, unsigned long address)
473 return __sprint_symbol(buffer, address, 0, 1, 0);
475 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(sprint_symbol);
478 * sprint_symbol_build_id - Look up a kernel symbol and return it in a text buffer
479 * @buffer: buffer to be stored
480 * @address: address to lookup
482 * This function looks up a kernel symbol with @address and stores its name,
483 * offset, size, module name and module build ID to @buffer if possible. If no
484 * symbol was found, just saves its @address as is.
486 * This function returns the number of bytes stored in @buffer.
488 int sprint_symbol_build_id(char *buffer, unsigned long address)
490 return __sprint_symbol(buffer, address, 0, 1, 1);
492 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(sprint_symbol_build_id);
495 * sprint_symbol_no_offset - Look up a kernel symbol and return it in a text buffer
496 * @buffer: buffer to be stored
497 * @address: address to lookup
499 * This function looks up a kernel symbol with @address and stores its name
500 * and module name to @buffer if possible. If no symbol was found, just saves
501 * its @address as is.
503 * This function returns the number of bytes stored in @buffer.
505 int sprint_symbol_no_offset(char *buffer, unsigned long address)
507 return __sprint_symbol(buffer, address, 0, 0, 0);
509 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(sprint_symbol_no_offset);
512 * sprint_backtrace - Look up a backtrace symbol and return it in a text buffer
513 * @buffer: buffer to be stored
514 * @address: address to lookup
516 * This function is for stack backtrace and does the same thing as
517 * sprint_symbol() but with modified/decreased @address. If there is a
518 * tail-call to the function marked "noreturn", gcc optimized out code after
519 * the call so that the stack-saved return address could point outside of the
520 * caller. This function ensures that kallsyms will find the original caller
521 * by decreasing @address.
523 * This function returns the number of bytes stored in @buffer.
525 int sprint_backtrace(char *buffer, unsigned long address)
527 return __sprint_symbol(buffer, address, -1, 1, 0);
531 * sprint_backtrace_build_id - Look up a backtrace symbol and return it in a text buffer
532 * @buffer: buffer to be stored
533 * @address: address to lookup
535 * This function is for stack backtrace and does the same thing as
536 * sprint_symbol() but with modified/decreased @address. If there is a
537 * tail-call to the function marked "noreturn", gcc optimized out code after
538 * the call so that the stack-saved return address could point outside of the
539 * caller. This function ensures that kallsyms will find the original caller
540 * by decreasing @address. This function also appends the module build ID to
541 * the @buffer if @address is within a kernel module.
543 * This function returns the number of bytes stored in @buffer.
545 int sprint_backtrace_build_id(char *buffer, unsigned long address)
547 return __sprint_symbol(buffer, address, -1, 1, 1);
550 /* To avoid using get_symbol_offset for every symbol, we carry prefix along. */
551 struct kallsym_iter {
555 loff_t pos_ftrace_mod_end;
558 unsigned int nameoff; /* If iterating in core kernel symbols. */
560 char name[KSYM_NAME_LEN];
561 char module_name[MODULE_NAME_LEN];
566 int __weak arch_get_kallsym(unsigned int symnum, unsigned long *value,
567 char *type, char *name)
572 static int get_ksymbol_arch(struct kallsym_iter *iter)
574 int ret = arch_get_kallsym(iter->pos - kallsyms_num_syms,
575 &iter->value, &iter->type,
579 iter->pos_arch_end = iter->pos;
586 static int get_ksymbol_mod(struct kallsym_iter *iter)
588 int ret = module_get_kallsym(iter->pos - iter->pos_arch_end,
589 &iter->value, &iter->type,
590 iter->name, iter->module_name,
593 iter->pos_mod_end = iter->pos;
601 * ftrace_mod_get_kallsym() may also get symbols for pages allocated for ftrace
602 * purposes. In that case "__builtin__ftrace" is used as a module name, even
603 * though "__builtin__ftrace" is not a module.
605 static int get_ksymbol_ftrace_mod(struct kallsym_iter *iter)
607 int ret = ftrace_mod_get_kallsym(iter->pos - iter->pos_mod_end,
608 &iter->value, &iter->type,
609 iter->name, iter->module_name,
612 iter->pos_ftrace_mod_end = iter->pos;
619 static int get_ksymbol_bpf(struct kallsym_iter *iter)
623 strlcpy(iter->module_name, "bpf", MODULE_NAME_LEN);
625 ret = bpf_get_kallsym(iter->pos - iter->pos_ftrace_mod_end,
626 &iter->value, &iter->type,
629 iter->pos_bpf_end = iter->pos;
637 * This uses "__builtin__kprobes" as a module name for symbols for pages
638 * allocated for kprobes' purposes, even though "__builtin__kprobes" is not a
641 static int get_ksymbol_kprobe(struct kallsym_iter *iter)
643 strlcpy(iter->module_name, "__builtin__kprobes", MODULE_NAME_LEN);
645 return kprobe_get_kallsym(iter->pos - iter->pos_bpf_end,
646 &iter->value, &iter->type,
647 iter->name) < 0 ? 0 : 1;
650 /* Returns space to next name. */
651 static unsigned long get_ksymbol_core(struct kallsym_iter *iter)
653 unsigned off = iter->nameoff;
655 iter->module_name[0] = '\0';
656 iter->value = kallsyms_sym_address(iter->pos);
658 iter->type = kallsyms_get_symbol_type(off);
660 off = kallsyms_expand_symbol(off, iter->name, ARRAY_SIZE(iter->name));
662 return off - iter->nameoff;
665 static void reset_iter(struct kallsym_iter *iter, loff_t new_pos)
667 iter->name[0] = '\0';
668 iter->nameoff = get_symbol_offset(new_pos);
671 iter->pos_arch_end = 0;
672 iter->pos_mod_end = 0;
673 iter->pos_ftrace_mod_end = 0;
674 iter->pos_bpf_end = 0;
679 * The end position (last + 1) of each additional kallsyms section is recorded
680 * in iter->pos_..._end as each section is added, and so can be used to
681 * determine which get_ksymbol_...() function to call next.
683 static int update_iter_mod(struct kallsym_iter *iter, loff_t pos)
687 if ((!iter->pos_arch_end || iter->pos_arch_end > pos) &&
688 get_ksymbol_arch(iter))
691 if ((!iter->pos_mod_end || iter->pos_mod_end > pos) &&
692 get_ksymbol_mod(iter))
695 if ((!iter->pos_ftrace_mod_end || iter->pos_ftrace_mod_end > pos) &&
696 get_ksymbol_ftrace_mod(iter))
699 if ((!iter->pos_bpf_end || iter->pos_bpf_end > pos) &&
700 get_ksymbol_bpf(iter))
703 return get_ksymbol_kprobe(iter);
706 /* Returns false if pos at or past end of file. */
707 static int update_iter(struct kallsym_iter *iter, loff_t pos)
709 /* Module symbols can be accessed randomly. */
710 if (pos >= kallsyms_num_syms)
711 return update_iter_mod(iter, pos);
713 /* If we're not on the desired position, reset to new position. */
714 if (pos != iter->pos)
715 reset_iter(iter, pos);
717 iter->nameoff += get_ksymbol_core(iter);
723 static void *s_next(struct seq_file *m, void *p, loff_t *pos)
727 if (!update_iter(m->private, *pos))
732 static void *s_start(struct seq_file *m, loff_t *pos)
734 if (!update_iter(m->private, *pos))
739 static void s_stop(struct seq_file *m, void *p)
743 static int s_show(struct seq_file *m, void *p)
746 struct kallsym_iter *iter = m->private;
748 /* Some debugging symbols have no name. Ignore them. */
752 value = iter->show_value ? (void *)iter->value : NULL;
754 if (iter->module_name[0]) {
758 * Label it "global" if it is exported,
759 * "local" if not exported.
761 type = iter->exported ? toupper(iter->type) :
763 seq_printf(m, "%px %c %s\t[%s]\n", value,
764 type, iter->name, iter->module_name);
766 seq_printf(m, "%px %c %s\n", value,
767 iter->type, iter->name);
771 static const struct seq_operations kallsyms_op = {
778 static inline int kallsyms_for_perf(void)
780 #ifdef CONFIG_PERF_EVENTS
781 extern int sysctl_perf_event_paranoid;
782 if (sysctl_perf_event_paranoid <= 1)
789 * We show kallsyms information even to normal users if we've enabled
790 * kernel profiling and are explicitly not paranoid (so kptr_restrict
791 * is clear, and sysctl_perf_event_paranoid isn't set).
793 * Otherwise, require CAP_SYSLOG (assuming kptr_restrict isn't set to
796 bool kallsyms_show_value(const struct cred *cred)
798 switch (kptr_restrict) {
800 if (kallsyms_for_perf())
804 if (security_capable(cred, &init_user_ns, CAP_SYSLOG,
805 CAP_OPT_NOAUDIT) == 0)
813 static int kallsyms_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
816 * We keep iterator in m->private, since normal case is to
817 * s_start from where we left off, so we avoid doing
818 * using get_symbol_offset for every symbol.
820 struct kallsym_iter *iter;
821 iter = __seq_open_private(file, &kallsyms_op, sizeof(*iter));
827 * Instead of checking this on every s_show() call, cache
828 * the result here at open time.
830 iter->show_value = kallsyms_show_value(file->f_cred);
834 #ifdef CONFIG_KGDB_KDB
835 const char *kdb_walk_kallsyms(loff_t *pos)
837 static struct kallsym_iter kdb_walk_kallsyms_iter;
839 memset(&kdb_walk_kallsyms_iter, 0,
840 sizeof(kdb_walk_kallsyms_iter));
841 reset_iter(&kdb_walk_kallsyms_iter, 0);
844 if (!update_iter(&kdb_walk_kallsyms_iter, *pos))
847 /* Some debugging symbols have no name. Ignore them. */
848 if (kdb_walk_kallsyms_iter.name[0])
849 return kdb_walk_kallsyms_iter.name;
852 #endif /* CONFIG_KGDB_KDB */
854 static const struct proc_ops kallsyms_proc_ops = {
855 .proc_open = kallsyms_open,
856 .proc_read = seq_read,
857 .proc_lseek = seq_lseek,
858 .proc_release = seq_release_private,
861 static int __init kallsyms_init(void)
863 proc_create("kallsyms", 0444, NULL, &kallsyms_proc_ops);
866 device_initcall(kallsyms_init);