1 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 OR MIT */
2 #ifndef __LINUX_OVERFLOW_H
3 #define __LINUX_OVERFLOW_H
5 #include <linux/compiler.h>
8 * In the fallback code below, we need to compute the minimum and
9 * maximum values representable in a given type. These macros may also
10 * be useful elsewhere, so we provide them outside the
11 * COMPILER_HAS_GENERIC_BUILTIN_OVERFLOW block.
13 * It would seem more obvious to do something like
15 * #define type_min(T) (T)(is_signed_type(T) ? (T)1 << (8*sizeof(T)-1) : 0)
16 * #define type_max(T) (T)(is_signed_type(T) ? ((T)1 << (8*sizeof(T)-1)) - 1 : ~(T)0)
18 * Unfortunately, the middle expressions, strictly speaking, have
19 * undefined behaviour, and at least some versions of gcc warn about
20 * the type_max expression (but not if -fsanitize=undefined is in
21 * effect; in that case, the warning is deferred to runtime...).
23 * The slightly excessive casting in type_min is to make sure the
24 * macros also produce sensible values for the exotic type _Bool. [The
25 * overflow checkers only almost work for _Bool, but that's
26 * a-feature-not-a-bug, since people shouldn't be doing arithmetic on
27 * _Bools. Besides, the gcc builtins don't allow _Bool* as third
31 * https://mail-index.netbsd.org/tech-misc/2007/02/05/0000.html -
32 * credit to Christian Biere.
34 #define is_signed_type(type) (((type)(-1)) < (type)1)
35 #define __type_half_max(type) ((type)1 << (8*sizeof(type) - 1 - is_signed_type(type)))
36 #define type_max(T) ((T)((__type_half_max(T) - 1) + __type_half_max(T)))
37 #define type_min(T) ((T)((T)-type_max(T)-(T)1))
40 * Avoids triggering -Wtype-limits compilation warning,
41 * while using unsigned data types to check a < 0.
43 #define is_non_negative(a) ((a) > 0 || (a) == 0)
44 #define is_negative(a) (!(is_non_negative(a)))
47 * Allows for effectively applying __must_check to a macro so we can have
48 * both the type-agnostic benefits of the macros while also being able to
49 * enforce that the return value is, in fact, checked.
51 static inline bool __must_check __must_check_overflow(bool overflow)
53 return unlikely(overflow);
56 #ifdef COMPILER_HAS_GENERIC_BUILTIN_OVERFLOW
58 * For simplicity and code hygiene, the fallback code below insists on
59 * a, b and *d having the same type (similar to the min() and max()
60 * macros), whereas gcc's type-generic overflow checkers accept
61 * different types. Hence we don't just make check_add_overflow an
62 * alias for __builtin_add_overflow, but add type checks similar to
65 #define check_add_overflow(a, b, d) __must_check_overflow(({ \
66 typeof(a) __a = (a); \
67 typeof(b) __b = (b); \
68 typeof(d) __d = (d); \
69 (void) (&__a == &__b); \
70 (void) (&__a == __d); \
71 __builtin_add_overflow(__a, __b, __d); \
74 #define check_sub_overflow(a, b, d) __must_check_overflow(({ \
75 typeof(a) __a = (a); \
76 typeof(b) __b = (b); \
77 typeof(d) __d = (d); \
78 (void) (&__a == &__b); \
79 (void) (&__a == __d); \
80 __builtin_sub_overflow(__a, __b, __d); \
83 #define check_mul_overflow(a, b, d) __must_check_overflow(({ \
84 typeof(a) __a = (a); \
85 typeof(b) __b = (b); \
86 typeof(d) __d = (d); \
87 (void) (&__a == &__b); \
88 (void) (&__a == __d); \
89 __builtin_mul_overflow(__a, __b, __d); \
95 /* Checking for unsigned overflow is relatively easy without causing UB. */
96 #define __unsigned_add_overflow(a, b, d) ({ \
97 typeof(a) __a = (a); \
98 typeof(b) __b = (b); \
99 typeof(d) __d = (d); \
100 (void) (&__a == &__b); \
101 (void) (&__a == __d); \
105 #define __unsigned_sub_overflow(a, b, d) ({ \
106 typeof(a) __a = (a); \
107 typeof(b) __b = (b); \
108 typeof(d) __d = (d); \
109 (void) (&__a == &__b); \
110 (void) (&__a == __d); \
115 * If one of a or b is a compile-time constant, this avoids a division.
117 #define __unsigned_mul_overflow(a, b, d) ({ \
118 typeof(a) __a = (a); \
119 typeof(b) __b = (b); \
120 typeof(d) __d = (d); \
121 (void) (&__a == &__b); \
122 (void) (&__a == __d); \
124 __builtin_constant_p(__b) ? \
125 __b > 0 && __a > type_max(typeof(__a)) / __b : \
126 __a > 0 && __b > type_max(typeof(__b)) / __a; \
130 * For signed types, detecting overflow is much harder, especially if
131 * we want to avoid UB. But the interface of these macros is such that
132 * we must provide a result in *d, and in fact we must produce the
133 * result promised by gcc's builtins, which is simply the possibly
134 * wrapped-around value. Fortunately, we can just formally do the
135 * operations in the widest relevant unsigned type (u64) and then
136 * truncate the result - gcc is smart enough to generate the same code
137 * with and without the (u64) casts.
141 * Adding two signed integers can overflow only if they have the same
142 * sign, and overflow has happened iff the result has the opposite
145 #define __signed_add_overflow(a, b, d) ({ \
146 typeof(a) __a = (a); \
147 typeof(b) __b = (b); \
148 typeof(d) __d = (d); \
149 (void) (&__a == &__b); \
150 (void) (&__a == __d); \
151 *__d = (u64)__a + (u64)__b; \
152 (((~(__a ^ __b)) & (*__d ^ __a)) \
153 & type_min(typeof(__a))) != 0; \
157 * Subtraction is similar, except that overflow can now happen only
158 * when the signs are opposite. In this case, overflow has happened if
159 * the result has the opposite sign of a.
161 #define __signed_sub_overflow(a, b, d) ({ \
162 typeof(a) __a = (a); \
163 typeof(b) __b = (b); \
164 typeof(d) __d = (d); \
165 (void) (&__a == &__b); \
166 (void) (&__a == __d); \
167 *__d = (u64)__a - (u64)__b; \
168 ((((__a ^ __b)) & (*__d ^ __a)) \
169 & type_min(typeof(__a))) != 0; \
173 * Signed multiplication is rather hard. gcc always follows C99, so
174 * division is truncated towards 0. This means that we can write the
175 * overflow check like this:
177 * (a > 0 && (b > MAX/a || b < MIN/a)) ||
178 * (a < -1 && (b > MIN/a || b < MAX/a) ||
179 * (a == -1 && b == MIN)
181 * The redundant casts of -1 are to silence an annoying -Wtype-limits
182 * (included in -Wextra) warning: When the type is u8 or u16, the
183 * __b_c_e in check_mul_overflow obviously selects
184 * __unsigned_mul_overflow, but unfortunately gcc still parses this
185 * code and warns about the limited range of __b.
188 #define __signed_mul_overflow(a, b, d) ({ \
189 typeof(a) __a = (a); \
190 typeof(b) __b = (b); \
191 typeof(d) __d = (d); \
192 typeof(a) __tmax = type_max(typeof(a)); \
193 typeof(a) __tmin = type_min(typeof(a)); \
194 (void) (&__a == &__b); \
195 (void) (&__a == __d); \
196 *__d = (u64)__a * (u64)__b; \
197 (__b > 0 && (__a > __tmax/__b || __a < __tmin/__b)) || \
198 (__b < (typeof(__b))-1 && (__a > __tmin/__b || __a < __tmax/__b)) || \
199 (__b == (typeof(__b))-1 && __a == __tmin); \
203 #define check_add_overflow(a, b, d) __must_check_overflow( \
204 __builtin_choose_expr(is_signed_type(typeof(a)), \
205 __signed_add_overflow(a, b, d), \
206 __unsigned_add_overflow(a, b, d)))
208 #define check_sub_overflow(a, b, d) __must_check_overflow( \
209 __builtin_choose_expr(is_signed_type(typeof(a)), \
210 __signed_sub_overflow(a, b, d), \
211 __unsigned_sub_overflow(a, b, d)))
213 #define check_mul_overflow(a, b, d) __must_check_overflow( \
214 __builtin_choose_expr(is_signed_type(typeof(a)), \
215 __signed_mul_overflow(a, b, d), \
216 __unsigned_mul_overflow(a, b, d)))
218 #endif /* COMPILER_HAS_GENERIC_BUILTIN_OVERFLOW */
220 /** check_shl_overflow() - Calculate a left-shifted value and check overflow
222 * @a: Value to be shifted
223 * @s: How many bits left to shift
224 * @d: Pointer to where to store the result
226 * Computes *@d = (@a << @s)
228 * Returns true if '*d' cannot hold the result or when 'a << s' doesn't
229 * make sense. Example conditions:
230 * - 'a << s' causes bits to be lost when stored in *d.
231 * - 's' is garbage (e.g. negative) or so large that the result of
232 * 'a << s' is guaranteed to be 0.
234 * - 'a << s' sets the sign bit, if any, in '*d'.
236 * '*d' will hold the results of the attempted shift, but is not
237 * considered "safe for use" if false is returned.
239 #define check_shl_overflow(a, s, d) __must_check_overflow(({ \
244 unsigned int _to_shift = \
245 is_non_negative(_s) && _s < 8 * sizeof(*d) ? _s : 0; \
246 *_d = (_a_full << _to_shift); \
247 (_to_shift != _s || is_negative(*_d) || is_negative(_a) || \
248 (*_d >> _to_shift) != _a); \
252 * array_size() - Calculate size of 2-dimensional array.
257 * Calculates size of 2-dimensional array: @a * @b.
259 * Returns: number of bytes needed to represent the array or SIZE_MAX on
262 static inline __must_check size_t array_size(size_t a, size_t b)
266 if (check_mul_overflow(a, b, &bytes))
273 * array3_size() - Calculate size of 3-dimensional array.
277 * @c: dimension three
279 * Calculates size of 3-dimensional array: @a * @b * @c.
281 * Returns: number of bytes needed to represent the array or SIZE_MAX on
284 static inline __must_check size_t array3_size(size_t a, size_t b, size_t c)
288 if (check_mul_overflow(a, b, &bytes))
290 if (check_mul_overflow(bytes, c, &bytes))
297 * Compute a*b+c, returning SIZE_MAX on overflow. Internal helper for
298 * struct_size() below.
300 static inline __must_check size_t __ab_c_size(size_t a, size_t b, size_t c)
304 if (check_mul_overflow(a, b, &bytes))
306 if (check_add_overflow(bytes, c, &bytes))
313 * struct_size() - Calculate size of structure with trailing array.
314 * @p: Pointer to the structure.
315 * @member: Name of the array member.
316 * @count: Number of elements in the array.
318 * Calculates size of memory needed for structure @p followed by an
319 * array of @count number of @member elements.
321 * Return: number of bytes needed or SIZE_MAX on overflow.
323 #define struct_size(p, member, count) \
325 sizeof(*(p)->member) + __must_be_array((p)->member),\
329 * flex_array_size() - Calculate size of a flexible array member
330 * within an enclosing structure.
332 * @p: Pointer to the structure.
333 * @member: Name of the flexible array member.
334 * @count: Number of elements in the array.
336 * Calculates size of a flexible array of @count number of @member
337 * elements, at the end of structure @p.
339 * Return: number of bytes needed or SIZE_MAX on overflow.
341 #define flex_array_size(p, member, count) \
343 sizeof(*(p)->member) + __must_be_array((p)->member))
345 #endif /* __LINUX_OVERFLOW_H */