1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
3 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992 Linus Torvalds
4 * Copyright (C) 2001 Andrea Arcangeli <andrea@suse.de> SuSE
5 * Copyright (C) 2016 - 2020 Christoph Hellwig
8 #include <linux/init.h>
10 #include <linux/fcntl.h>
11 #include <linux/slab.h>
12 #include <linux/kmod.h>
13 #include <linux/major.h>
14 #include <linux/device_cgroup.h>
15 #include <linux/highmem.h>
16 #include <linux/blkdev.h>
17 #include <linux/backing-dev.h>
18 #include <linux/module.h>
19 #include <linux/blkpg.h>
20 #include <linux/magic.h>
21 #include <linux/buffer_head.h>
22 #include <linux/swap.h>
23 #include <linux/pagevec.h>
24 #include <linux/writeback.h>
25 #include <linux/mpage.h>
26 #include <linux/mount.h>
27 #include <linux/pseudo_fs.h>
28 #include <linux/uio.h>
29 #include <linux/namei.h>
30 #include <linux/log2.h>
31 #include <linux/cleancache.h>
32 #include <linux/task_io_accounting_ops.h>
33 #include <linux/falloc.h>
34 #include <linux/part_stat.h>
35 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
36 #include <linux/suspend.h>
40 struct block_device bdev;
41 struct inode vfs_inode;
44 static const struct address_space_operations def_blk_aops;
46 static inline struct bdev_inode *BDEV_I(struct inode *inode)
48 return container_of(inode, struct bdev_inode, vfs_inode);
51 struct block_device *I_BDEV(struct inode *inode)
53 return &BDEV_I(inode)->bdev;
55 EXPORT_SYMBOL(I_BDEV);
57 static void bdev_write_inode(struct block_device *bdev)
59 struct inode *inode = bdev->bd_inode;
62 spin_lock(&inode->i_lock);
63 while (inode->i_state & I_DIRTY) {
64 spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
65 ret = write_inode_now(inode, true);
67 char name[BDEVNAME_SIZE];
68 pr_warn_ratelimited("VFS: Dirty inode writeback failed "
69 "for block device %s (err=%d).\n",
70 bdevname(bdev, name), ret);
72 spin_lock(&inode->i_lock);
74 spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
77 /* Kill _all_ buffers and pagecache , dirty or not.. */
78 static void kill_bdev(struct block_device *bdev)
80 struct address_space *mapping = bdev->bd_inode->i_mapping;
82 if (mapping_empty(mapping))
86 truncate_inode_pages(mapping, 0);
89 /* Invalidate clean unused buffers and pagecache. */
90 void invalidate_bdev(struct block_device *bdev)
92 struct address_space *mapping = bdev->bd_inode->i_mapping;
94 if (mapping->nrpages) {
96 lru_add_drain_all(); /* make sure all lru add caches are flushed */
97 invalidate_mapping_pages(mapping, 0, -1);
99 /* 99% of the time, we don't need to flush the cleancache on the bdev.
100 * But, for the strange corners, lets be cautious
102 cleancache_invalidate_inode(mapping);
104 EXPORT_SYMBOL(invalidate_bdev);
107 * Drop all buffers & page cache for given bdev range. This function bails
108 * with error if bdev has other exclusive owner (such as filesystem).
110 int truncate_bdev_range(struct block_device *bdev, fmode_t mode,
111 loff_t lstart, loff_t lend)
114 * If we don't hold exclusive handle for the device, upgrade to it
115 * while we discard the buffer cache to avoid discarding buffers
116 * under live filesystem.
118 if (!(mode & FMODE_EXCL)) {
119 int err = bd_prepare_to_claim(bdev, truncate_bdev_range);
124 truncate_inode_pages_range(bdev->bd_inode->i_mapping, lstart, lend);
125 if (!(mode & FMODE_EXCL))
126 bd_abort_claiming(bdev, truncate_bdev_range);
131 * Someone else has handle exclusively open. Try invalidating instead.
132 * The 'end' argument is inclusive so the rounding is safe.
134 return invalidate_inode_pages2_range(bdev->bd_inode->i_mapping,
135 lstart >> PAGE_SHIFT,
139 static void set_init_blocksize(struct block_device *bdev)
141 unsigned int bsize = bdev_logical_block_size(bdev);
142 loff_t size = i_size_read(bdev->bd_inode);
144 while (bsize < PAGE_SIZE) {
149 bdev->bd_inode->i_blkbits = blksize_bits(bsize);
152 int set_blocksize(struct block_device *bdev, int size)
154 /* Size must be a power of two, and between 512 and PAGE_SIZE */
155 if (size > PAGE_SIZE || size < 512 || !is_power_of_2(size))
158 /* Size cannot be smaller than the size supported by the device */
159 if (size < bdev_logical_block_size(bdev))
162 /* Don't change the size if it is same as current */
163 if (bdev->bd_inode->i_blkbits != blksize_bits(size)) {
165 bdev->bd_inode->i_blkbits = blksize_bits(size);
171 EXPORT_SYMBOL(set_blocksize);
173 int sb_set_blocksize(struct super_block *sb, int size)
175 if (set_blocksize(sb->s_bdev, size))
177 /* If we get here, we know size is power of two
178 * and it's value is between 512 and PAGE_SIZE */
179 sb->s_blocksize = size;
180 sb->s_blocksize_bits = blksize_bits(size);
181 return sb->s_blocksize;
184 EXPORT_SYMBOL(sb_set_blocksize);
186 int sb_min_blocksize(struct super_block *sb, int size)
188 int minsize = bdev_logical_block_size(sb->s_bdev);
191 return sb_set_blocksize(sb, size);
194 EXPORT_SYMBOL(sb_min_blocksize);
197 blkdev_get_block(struct inode *inode, sector_t iblock,
198 struct buffer_head *bh, int create)
200 bh->b_bdev = I_BDEV(inode);
201 bh->b_blocknr = iblock;
202 set_buffer_mapped(bh);
206 static struct inode *bdev_file_inode(struct file *file)
208 return file->f_mapping->host;
211 static unsigned int dio_bio_write_op(struct kiocb *iocb)
213 unsigned int op = REQ_OP_WRITE | REQ_SYNC | REQ_IDLE;
215 /* avoid the need for a I/O completion work item */
216 if (iocb->ki_flags & IOCB_DSYNC)
221 #define DIO_INLINE_BIO_VECS 4
223 static void blkdev_bio_end_io_simple(struct bio *bio)
225 struct task_struct *waiter = bio->bi_private;
227 WRITE_ONCE(bio->bi_private, NULL);
228 blk_wake_io_task(waiter);
232 __blkdev_direct_IO_simple(struct kiocb *iocb, struct iov_iter *iter,
233 unsigned int nr_pages)
235 struct file *file = iocb->ki_filp;
236 struct block_device *bdev = I_BDEV(bdev_file_inode(file));
237 struct bio_vec inline_vecs[DIO_INLINE_BIO_VECS], *vecs;
238 loff_t pos = iocb->ki_pos;
239 bool should_dirty = false;
244 if ((pos | iov_iter_alignment(iter)) &
245 (bdev_logical_block_size(bdev) - 1))
248 if (nr_pages <= DIO_INLINE_BIO_VECS)
251 vecs = kmalloc_array(nr_pages, sizeof(struct bio_vec),
257 bio_init(&bio, vecs, nr_pages);
258 bio_set_dev(&bio, bdev);
259 bio.bi_iter.bi_sector = pos >> 9;
260 bio.bi_write_hint = iocb->ki_hint;
261 bio.bi_private = current;
262 bio.bi_end_io = blkdev_bio_end_io_simple;
263 bio.bi_ioprio = iocb->ki_ioprio;
265 ret = bio_iov_iter_get_pages(&bio, iter);
268 ret = bio.bi_iter.bi_size;
270 if (iov_iter_rw(iter) == READ) {
271 bio.bi_opf = REQ_OP_READ;
272 if (iter_is_iovec(iter))
275 bio.bi_opf = dio_bio_write_op(iocb);
276 task_io_account_write(ret);
278 if (iocb->ki_flags & IOCB_NOWAIT)
279 bio.bi_opf |= REQ_NOWAIT;
280 if (iocb->ki_flags & IOCB_HIPRI)
281 bio_set_polled(&bio, iocb);
283 qc = submit_bio(&bio);
285 set_current_state(TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
286 if (!READ_ONCE(bio.bi_private))
288 if (!(iocb->ki_flags & IOCB_HIPRI) ||
289 !blk_poll(bdev_get_queue(bdev), qc, true))
292 __set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING);
294 bio_release_pages(&bio, should_dirty);
295 if (unlikely(bio.bi_status))
296 ret = blk_status_to_errno(bio.bi_status);
299 if (vecs != inline_vecs)
310 struct task_struct *waiter;
315 bool should_dirty : 1;
320 static struct bio_set blkdev_dio_pool;
322 static int blkdev_iopoll(struct kiocb *kiocb, bool wait)
324 struct block_device *bdev = I_BDEV(kiocb->ki_filp->f_mapping->host);
325 struct request_queue *q = bdev_get_queue(bdev);
327 return blk_poll(q, READ_ONCE(kiocb->ki_cookie), wait);
330 static void blkdev_bio_end_io(struct bio *bio)
332 struct blkdev_dio *dio = bio->bi_private;
333 bool should_dirty = dio->should_dirty;
335 if (bio->bi_status && !dio->bio.bi_status)
336 dio->bio.bi_status = bio->bi_status;
338 if (!dio->multi_bio || atomic_dec_and_test(&dio->ref)) {
340 struct kiocb *iocb = dio->iocb;
343 if (likely(!dio->bio.bi_status)) {
347 ret = blk_status_to_errno(dio->bio.bi_status);
350 dio->iocb->ki_complete(iocb, ret, 0);
354 struct task_struct *waiter = dio->waiter;
356 WRITE_ONCE(dio->waiter, NULL);
357 blk_wake_io_task(waiter);
362 bio_check_pages_dirty(bio);
364 bio_release_pages(bio, false);
369 static ssize_t __blkdev_direct_IO(struct kiocb *iocb, struct iov_iter *iter,
370 unsigned int nr_pages)
372 struct file *file = iocb->ki_filp;
373 struct inode *inode = bdev_file_inode(file);
374 struct block_device *bdev = I_BDEV(inode);
375 struct blk_plug plug;
376 struct blkdev_dio *dio;
378 bool is_poll = (iocb->ki_flags & IOCB_HIPRI) != 0;
379 bool is_read = (iov_iter_rw(iter) == READ), is_sync;
380 loff_t pos = iocb->ki_pos;
381 blk_qc_t qc = BLK_QC_T_NONE;
384 if ((pos | iov_iter_alignment(iter)) &
385 (bdev_logical_block_size(bdev) - 1))
388 bio = bio_alloc_bioset(GFP_KERNEL, nr_pages, &blkdev_dio_pool);
390 dio = container_of(bio, struct blkdev_dio, bio);
391 dio->is_sync = is_sync = is_sync_kiocb(iocb);
393 dio->waiter = current;
400 dio->multi_bio = false;
401 dio->should_dirty = is_read && iter_is_iovec(iter);
404 * Don't plug for HIPRI/polled IO, as those should go straight
408 blk_start_plug(&plug);
411 bio_set_dev(bio, bdev);
412 bio->bi_iter.bi_sector = pos >> 9;
413 bio->bi_write_hint = iocb->ki_hint;
414 bio->bi_private = dio;
415 bio->bi_end_io = blkdev_bio_end_io;
416 bio->bi_ioprio = iocb->ki_ioprio;
418 ret = bio_iov_iter_get_pages(bio, iter);
420 bio->bi_status = BLK_STS_IOERR;
426 bio->bi_opf = REQ_OP_READ;
427 if (dio->should_dirty)
428 bio_set_pages_dirty(bio);
430 bio->bi_opf = dio_bio_write_op(iocb);
431 task_io_account_write(bio->bi_iter.bi_size);
433 if (iocb->ki_flags & IOCB_NOWAIT)
434 bio->bi_opf |= REQ_NOWAIT;
436 dio->size += bio->bi_iter.bi_size;
437 pos += bio->bi_iter.bi_size;
439 nr_pages = bio_iov_vecs_to_alloc(iter, BIO_MAX_VECS);
443 if (iocb->ki_flags & IOCB_HIPRI) {
444 bio_set_polled(bio, iocb);
448 qc = submit_bio(bio);
451 WRITE_ONCE(iocb->ki_cookie, qc);
455 if (!dio->multi_bio) {
457 * AIO needs an extra reference to ensure the dio
458 * structure which is embedded into the first bio
463 dio->multi_bio = true;
464 atomic_set(&dio->ref, 2);
466 atomic_inc(&dio->ref);
470 bio = bio_alloc(GFP_KERNEL, nr_pages);
474 blk_finish_plug(&plug);
480 set_current_state(TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
481 if (!READ_ONCE(dio->waiter))
484 if (!(iocb->ki_flags & IOCB_HIPRI) ||
485 !blk_poll(bdev_get_queue(bdev), qc, true))
488 __set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING);
491 ret = blk_status_to_errno(dio->bio.bi_status);
500 blkdev_direct_IO(struct kiocb *iocb, struct iov_iter *iter)
502 unsigned int nr_pages;
504 if (!iov_iter_count(iter))
507 nr_pages = bio_iov_vecs_to_alloc(iter, BIO_MAX_VECS + 1);
508 if (is_sync_kiocb(iocb) && nr_pages <= BIO_MAX_VECS)
509 return __blkdev_direct_IO_simple(iocb, iter, nr_pages);
511 return __blkdev_direct_IO(iocb, iter, bio_max_segs(nr_pages));
514 static __init int blkdev_init(void)
516 return bioset_init(&blkdev_dio_pool, 4, offsetof(struct blkdev_dio, bio), BIOSET_NEED_BVECS);
518 module_init(blkdev_init);
520 int __sync_blockdev(struct block_device *bdev, int wait)
525 return filemap_flush(bdev->bd_inode->i_mapping);
526 return filemap_write_and_wait(bdev->bd_inode->i_mapping);
530 * Write out and wait upon all the dirty data associated with a block
531 * device via its mapping. Does not take the superblock lock.
533 int sync_blockdev(struct block_device *bdev)
535 return __sync_blockdev(bdev, 1);
537 EXPORT_SYMBOL(sync_blockdev);
540 * Write out and wait upon all dirty data associated with this
541 * device. Filesystem data as well as the underlying block
542 * device. Takes the superblock lock.
544 int fsync_bdev(struct block_device *bdev)
546 struct super_block *sb = get_super(bdev);
548 int res = sync_filesystem(sb);
552 return sync_blockdev(bdev);
554 EXPORT_SYMBOL(fsync_bdev);
557 * freeze_bdev -- lock a filesystem and force it into a consistent state
558 * @bdev: blockdevice to lock
560 * If a superblock is found on this device, we take the s_umount semaphore
561 * on it to make sure nobody unmounts until the snapshot creation is done.
562 * The reference counter (bd_fsfreeze_count) guarantees that only the last
563 * unfreeze process can unfreeze the frozen filesystem actually when multiple
564 * freeze requests arrive simultaneously. It counts up in freeze_bdev() and
565 * count down in thaw_bdev(). When it becomes 0, thaw_bdev() will unfreeze
568 int freeze_bdev(struct block_device *bdev)
570 struct super_block *sb;
573 mutex_lock(&bdev->bd_fsfreeze_mutex);
574 if (++bdev->bd_fsfreeze_count > 1)
577 sb = get_active_super(bdev);
580 if (sb->s_op->freeze_super)
581 error = sb->s_op->freeze_super(sb);
583 error = freeze_super(sb);
584 deactivate_super(sb);
587 bdev->bd_fsfreeze_count--;
590 bdev->bd_fsfreeze_sb = sb;
595 mutex_unlock(&bdev->bd_fsfreeze_mutex);
598 EXPORT_SYMBOL(freeze_bdev);
601 * thaw_bdev -- unlock filesystem
602 * @bdev: blockdevice to unlock
604 * Unlocks the filesystem and marks it writeable again after freeze_bdev().
606 int thaw_bdev(struct block_device *bdev)
608 struct super_block *sb;
611 mutex_lock(&bdev->bd_fsfreeze_mutex);
612 if (!bdev->bd_fsfreeze_count)
616 if (--bdev->bd_fsfreeze_count > 0)
619 sb = bdev->bd_fsfreeze_sb;
623 if (sb->s_op->thaw_super)
624 error = sb->s_op->thaw_super(sb);
626 error = thaw_super(sb);
628 bdev->bd_fsfreeze_count++;
630 bdev->bd_fsfreeze_sb = NULL;
632 mutex_unlock(&bdev->bd_fsfreeze_mutex);
635 EXPORT_SYMBOL(thaw_bdev);
637 static int blkdev_writepage(struct page *page, struct writeback_control *wbc)
639 return block_write_full_page(page, blkdev_get_block, wbc);
642 static int blkdev_readpage(struct file * file, struct page * page)
644 return block_read_full_page(page, blkdev_get_block);
647 static void blkdev_readahead(struct readahead_control *rac)
649 mpage_readahead(rac, blkdev_get_block);
652 static int blkdev_write_begin(struct file *file, struct address_space *mapping,
653 loff_t pos, unsigned len, unsigned flags,
654 struct page **pagep, void **fsdata)
656 return block_write_begin(mapping, pos, len, flags, pagep,
660 static int blkdev_write_end(struct file *file, struct address_space *mapping,
661 loff_t pos, unsigned len, unsigned copied,
662 struct page *page, void *fsdata)
665 ret = block_write_end(file, mapping, pos, len, copied, page, fsdata);
675 * for a block special file file_inode(file)->i_size is zero
676 * so we compute the size by hand (just as in block_read/write above)
678 static loff_t block_llseek(struct file *file, loff_t offset, int whence)
680 struct inode *bd_inode = bdev_file_inode(file);
683 inode_lock(bd_inode);
684 retval = fixed_size_llseek(file, offset, whence, i_size_read(bd_inode));
685 inode_unlock(bd_inode);
689 int blkdev_fsync(struct file *filp, loff_t start, loff_t end, int datasync)
691 struct inode *bd_inode = bdev_file_inode(filp);
692 struct block_device *bdev = I_BDEV(bd_inode);
695 error = file_write_and_wait_range(filp, start, end);
700 * There is no need to serialise calls to blkdev_issue_flush with
701 * i_mutex and doing so causes performance issues with concurrent
702 * O_SYNC writers to a block device.
704 error = blkdev_issue_flush(bdev);
705 if (error == -EOPNOTSUPP)
710 EXPORT_SYMBOL(blkdev_fsync);
713 * bdev_read_page() - Start reading a page from a block device
714 * @bdev: The device to read the page from
715 * @sector: The offset on the device to read the page to (need not be aligned)
716 * @page: The page to read
718 * On entry, the page should be locked. It will be unlocked when the page
719 * has been read. If the block driver implements rw_page synchronously,
720 * that will be true on exit from this function, but it need not be.
722 * Errors returned by this function are usually "soft", eg out of memory, or
723 * queue full; callers should try a different route to read this page rather
724 * than propagate an error back up the stack.
726 * Return: negative errno if an error occurs, 0 if submission was successful.
728 int bdev_read_page(struct block_device *bdev, sector_t sector,
731 const struct block_device_operations *ops = bdev->bd_disk->fops;
732 int result = -EOPNOTSUPP;
734 if (!ops->rw_page || bdev_get_integrity(bdev))
737 result = blk_queue_enter(bdev->bd_disk->queue, 0);
740 result = ops->rw_page(bdev, sector + get_start_sect(bdev), page,
742 blk_queue_exit(bdev->bd_disk->queue);
747 * bdev_write_page() - Start writing a page to a block device
748 * @bdev: The device to write the page to
749 * @sector: The offset on the device to write the page to (need not be aligned)
750 * @page: The page to write
751 * @wbc: The writeback_control for the write
753 * On entry, the page should be locked and not currently under writeback.
754 * On exit, if the write started successfully, the page will be unlocked and
755 * under writeback. If the write failed already (eg the driver failed to
756 * queue the page to the device), the page will still be locked. If the
757 * caller is a ->writepage implementation, it will need to unlock the page.
759 * Errors returned by this function are usually "soft", eg out of memory, or
760 * queue full; callers should try a different route to write this page rather
761 * than propagate an error back up the stack.
763 * Return: negative errno if an error occurs, 0 if submission was successful.
765 int bdev_write_page(struct block_device *bdev, sector_t sector,
766 struct page *page, struct writeback_control *wbc)
769 const struct block_device_operations *ops = bdev->bd_disk->fops;
771 if (!ops->rw_page || bdev_get_integrity(bdev))
773 result = blk_queue_enter(bdev->bd_disk->queue, 0);
777 set_page_writeback(page);
778 result = ops->rw_page(bdev, sector + get_start_sect(bdev), page,
781 end_page_writeback(page);
783 clean_page_buffers(page);
786 blk_queue_exit(bdev->bd_disk->queue);
794 static __cacheline_aligned_in_smp DEFINE_SPINLOCK(bdev_lock);
795 static struct kmem_cache * bdev_cachep __read_mostly;
797 static struct inode *bdev_alloc_inode(struct super_block *sb)
799 struct bdev_inode *ei = kmem_cache_alloc(bdev_cachep, GFP_KERNEL);
803 memset(&ei->bdev, 0, sizeof(ei->bdev));
804 ei->bdev.bd_bdi = &noop_backing_dev_info;
805 return &ei->vfs_inode;
808 static void bdev_free_inode(struct inode *inode)
810 struct block_device *bdev = I_BDEV(inode);
812 free_percpu(bdev->bd_stats);
813 kfree(bdev->bd_meta_info);
815 kmem_cache_free(bdev_cachep, BDEV_I(inode));
818 static void init_once(void *data)
820 struct bdev_inode *ei = data;
822 inode_init_once(&ei->vfs_inode);
825 static void bdev_evict_inode(struct inode *inode)
827 struct block_device *bdev = &BDEV_I(inode)->bdev;
828 truncate_inode_pages_final(&inode->i_data);
829 invalidate_inode_buffers(inode); /* is it needed here? */
831 /* Detach inode from wb early as bdi_put() may free bdi->wb */
832 inode_detach_wb(inode);
833 if (bdev->bd_bdi != &noop_backing_dev_info) {
834 bdi_put(bdev->bd_bdi);
835 bdev->bd_bdi = &noop_backing_dev_info;
839 static const struct super_operations bdev_sops = {
840 .statfs = simple_statfs,
841 .alloc_inode = bdev_alloc_inode,
842 .free_inode = bdev_free_inode,
843 .drop_inode = generic_delete_inode,
844 .evict_inode = bdev_evict_inode,
847 static int bd_init_fs_context(struct fs_context *fc)
849 struct pseudo_fs_context *ctx = init_pseudo(fc, BDEVFS_MAGIC);
852 fc->s_iflags |= SB_I_CGROUPWB;
853 ctx->ops = &bdev_sops;
857 static struct file_system_type bd_type = {
859 .init_fs_context = bd_init_fs_context,
860 .kill_sb = kill_anon_super,
863 struct super_block *blockdev_superblock __read_mostly;
864 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(blockdev_superblock);
866 void __init bdev_cache_init(void)
869 static struct vfsmount *bd_mnt;
871 bdev_cachep = kmem_cache_create("bdev_cache", sizeof(struct bdev_inode),
872 0, (SLAB_HWCACHE_ALIGN|SLAB_RECLAIM_ACCOUNT|
873 SLAB_MEM_SPREAD|SLAB_ACCOUNT|SLAB_PANIC),
875 err = register_filesystem(&bd_type);
877 panic("Cannot register bdev pseudo-fs");
878 bd_mnt = kern_mount(&bd_type);
880 panic("Cannot create bdev pseudo-fs");
881 blockdev_superblock = bd_mnt->mnt_sb; /* For writeback */
884 struct block_device *bdev_alloc(struct gendisk *disk, u8 partno)
886 struct block_device *bdev;
889 inode = new_inode(blockdev_superblock);
892 inode->i_mode = S_IFBLK;
894 inode->i_data.a_ops = &def_blk_aops;
895 mapping_set_gfp_mask(&inode->i_data, GFP_USER);
897 bdev = I_BDEV(inode);
898 mutex_init(&bdev->bd_fsfreeze_mutex);
899 spin_lock_init(&bdev->bd_size_lock);
900 bdev->bd_disk = disk;
901 bdev->bd_partno = partno;
902 bdev->bd_inode = inode;
904 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&bdev->bd_holder_disks);
906 bdev->bd_stats = alloc_percpu(struct disk_stats);
907 if (!bdev->bd_stats) {
914 void bdev_add(struct block_device *bdev, dev_t dev)
917 bdev->bd_inode->i_rdev = dev;
918 bdev->bd_inode->i_ino = dev;
919 insert_inode_hash(bdev->bd_inode);
922 static struct block_device *bdget(dev_t dev)
926 inode = ilookup(blockdev_superblock, dev);
929 return &BDEV_I(inode)->bdev;
933 * bdgrab -- Grab a reference to an already referenced block device
934 * @bdev: Block device to grab a reference to.
936 * Returns the block_device with an additional reference when successful,
937 * or NULL if the inode is already beeing freed.
939 struct block_device *bdgrab(struct block_device *bdev)
941 if (!igrab(bdev->bd_inode))
945 EXPORT_SYMBOL(bdgrab);
947 long nr_blockdev_pages(void)
952 spin_lock(&blockdev_superblock->s_inode_list_lock);
953 list_for_each_entry(inode, &blockdev_superblock->s_inodes, i_sb_list)
954 ret += inode->i_mapping->nrpages;
955 spin_unlock(&blockdev_superblock->s_inode_list_lock);
960 void bdput(struct block_device *bdev)
962 iput(bdev->bd_inode);
964 EXPORT_SYMBOL(bdput);
967 * bd_may_claim - test whether a block device can be claimed
968 * @bdev: block device of interest
969 * @whole: whole block device containing @bdev, may equal @bdev
970 * @holder: holder trying to claim @bdev
972 * Test whether @bdev can be claimed by @holder.
975 * spin_lock(&bdev_lock).
978 * %true if @bdev can be claimed, %false otherwise.
980 static bool bd_may_claim(struct block_device *bdev, struct block_device *whole,
983 if (bdev->bd_holder == holder)
984 return true; /* already a holder */
985 else if (bdev->bd_holder != NULL)
986 return false; /* held by someone else */
987 else if (whole == bdev)
988 return true; /* is a whole device which isn't held */
990 else if (whole->bd_holder == bd_may_claim)
991 return true; /* is a partition of a device that is being partitioned */
992 else if (whole->bd_holder != NULL)
993 return false; /* is a partition of a held device */
995 return true; /* is a partition of an un-held device */
999 * bd_prepare_to_claim - claim a block device
1000 * @bdev: block device of interest
1001 * @holder: holder trying to claim @bdev
1003 * Claim @bdev. This function fails if @bdev is already claimed by another
1004 * holder and waits if another claiming is in progress. return, the caller
1005 * has ownership of bd_claiming and bd_holder[s].
1008 * 0 if @bdev can be claimed, -EBUSY otherwise.
1010 int bd_prepare_to_claim(struct block_device *bdev, void *holder)
1012 struct block_device *whole = bdev_whole(bdev);
1014 if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!holder))
1017 spin_lock(&bdev_lock);
1018 /* if someone else claimed, fail */
1019 if (!bd_may_claim(bdev, whole, holder)) {
1020 spin_unlock(&bdev_lock);
1024 /* if claiming is already in progress, wait for it to finish */
1025 if (whole->bd_claiming) {
1026 wait_queue_head_t *wq = bit_waitqueue(&whole->bd_claiming, 0);
1029 prepare_to_wait(wq, &wait, TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
1030 spin_unlock(&bdev_lock);
1032 finish_wait(wq, &wait);
1037 whole->bd_claiming = holder;
1038 spin_unlock(&bdev_lock);
1041 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(bd_prepare_to_claim); /* only for the loop driver */
1043 static void bd_clear_claiming(struct block_device *whole, void *holder)
1045 lockdep_assert_held(&bdev_lock);
1046 /* tell others that we're done */
1047 BUG_ON(whole->bd_claiming != holder);
1048 whole->bd_claiming = NULL;
1049 wake_up_bit(&whole->bd_claiming, 0);
1053 * bd_finish_claiming - finish claiming of a block device
1054 * @bdev: block device of interest
1055 * @holder: holder that has claimed @bdev
1057 * Finish exclusive open of a block device. Mark the device as exlusively
1058 * open by the holder and wake up all waiters for exclusive open to finish.
1060 static void bd_finish_claiming(struct block_device *bdev, void *holder)
1062 struct block_device *whole = bdev_whole(bdev);
1064 spin_lock(&bdev_lock);
1065 BUG_ON(!bd_may_claim(bdev, whole, holder));
1067 * Note that for a whole device bd_holders will be incremented twice,
1068 * and bd_holder will be set to bd_may_claim before being set to holder
1070 whole->bd_holders++;
1071 whole->bd_holder = bd_may_claim;
1073 bdev->bd_holder = holder;
1074 bd_clear_claiming(whole, holder);
1075 spin_unlock(&bdev_lock);
1079 * bd_abort_claiming - abort claiming of a block device
1080 * @bdev: block device of interest
1081 * @holder: holder that has claimed @bdev
1083 * Abort claiming of a block device when the exclusive open failed. This can be
1084 * also used when exclusive open is not actually desired and we just needed
1085 * to block other exclusive openers for a while.
1087 void bd_abort_claiming(struct block_device *bdev, void *holder)
1089 spin_lock(&bdev_lock);
1090 bd_clear_claiming(bdev_whole(bdev), holder);
1091 spin_unlock(&bdev_lock);
1093 EXPORT_SYMBOL(bd_abort_claiming);
1096 struct bd_holder_disk {
1097 struct list_head list;
1098 struct gendisk *disk;
1102 static struct bd_holder_disk *bd_find_holder_disk(struct block_device *bdev,
1103 struct gendisk *disk)
1105 struct bd_holder_disk *holder;
1107 list_for_each_entry(holder, &bdev->bd_holder_disks, list)
1108 if (holder->disk == disk)
1113 static int add_symlink(struct kobject *from, struct kobject *to)
1115 return sysfs_create_link(from, to, kobject_name(to));
1118 static void del_symlink(struct kobject *from, struct kobject *to)
1120 sysfs_remove_link(from, kobject_name(to));
1124 * bd_link_disk_holder - create symlinks between holding disk and slave bdev
1125 * @bdev: the claimed slave bdev
1126 * @disk: the holding disk
1128 * DON'T USE THIS UNLESS YOU'RE ALREADY USING IT.
1130 * This functions creates the following sysfs symlinks.
1132 * - from "slaves" directory of the holder @disk to the claimed @bdev
1133 * - from "holders" directory of the @bdev to the holder @disk
1135 * For example, if /dev/dm-0 maps to /dev/sda and disk for dm-0 is
1136 * passed to bd_link_disk_holder(), then:
1138 * /sys/block/dm-0/slaves/sda --> /sys/block/sda
1139 * /sys/block/sda/holders/dm-0 --> /sys/block/dm-0
1141 * The caller must have claimed @bdev before calling this function and
1142 * ensure that both @bdev and @disk are valid during the creation and
1143 * lifetime of these symlinks.
1149 * 0 on success, -errno on failure.
1151 int bd_link_disk_holder(struct block_device *bdev, struct gendisk *disk)
1153 struct bd_holder_disk *holder;
1156 mutex_lock(&bdev->bd_disk->open_mutex);
1158 WARN_ON_ONCE(!bdev->bd_holder);
1160 /* FIXME: remove the following once add_disk() handles errors */
1161 if (WARN_ON(!disk->slave_dir || !bdev->bd_holder_dir))
1164 holder = bd_find_holder_disk(bdev, disk);
1170 holder = kzalloc(sizeof(*holder), GFP_KERNEL);
1176 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&holder->list);
1177 holder->disk = disk;
1180 ret = add_symlink(disk->slave_dir, bdev_kobj(bdev));
1184 ret = add_symlink(bdev->bd_holder_dir, &disk_to_dev(disk)->kobj);
1188 * bdev could be deleted beneath us which would implicitly destroy
1189 * the holder directory. Hold on to it.
1191 kobject_get(bdev->bd_holder_dir);
1193 list_add(&holder->list, &bdev->bd_holder_disks);
1197 del_symlink(disk->slave_dir, bdev_kobj(bdev));
1201 mutex_unlock(&bdev->bd_disk->open_mutex);
1204 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(bd_link_disk_holder);
1207 * bd_unlink_disk_holder - destroy symlinks created by bd_link_disk_holder()
1208 * @bdev: the calimed slave bdev
1209 * @disk: the holding disk
1211 * DON'T USE THIS UNLESS YOU'RE ALREADY USING IT.
1216 void bd_unlink_disk_holder(struct block_device *bdev, struct gendisk *disk)
1218 struct bd_holder_disk *holder;
1220 mutex_lock(&bdev->bd_disk->open_mutex);
1222 holder = bd_find_holder_disk(bdev, disk);
1224 if (!WARN_ON_ONCE(holder == NULL) && !--holder->refcnt) {
1225 del_symlink(disk->slave_dir, bdev_kobj(bdev));
1226 del_symlink(bdev->bd_holder_dir, &disk_to_dev(disk)->kobj);
1227 kobject_put(bdev->bd_holder_dir);
1228 list_del_init(&holder->list);
1232 mutex_unlock(&bdev->bd_disk->open_mutex);
1234 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(bd_unlink_disk_holder);
1237 static void blkdev_flush_mapping(struct block_device *bdev)
1239 WARN_ON_ONCE(bdev->bd_holders);
1240 sync_blockdev(bdev);
1242 bdev_write_inode(bdev);
1245 static int blkdev_get_whole(struct block_device *bdev, fmode_t mode)
1247 struct gendisk *disk = bdev->bd_disk;
1250 if (disk->fops->open) {
1251 ret = disk->fops->open(bdev, mode);
1253 /* avoid ghost partitions on a removed medium */
1254 if (ret == -ENOMEDIUM &&
1255 test_bit(GD_NEED_PART_SCAN, &disk->state))
1256 bdev_disk_changed(disk, true);
1261 if (!bdev->bd_openers) {
1262 set_init_blocksize(bdev);
1263 if (bdev->bd_bdi == &noop_backing_dev_info)
1264 bdev->bd_bdi = bdi_get(disk->queue->backing_dev_info);
1266 if (test_bit(GD_NEED_PART_SCAN, &disk->state))
1267 bdev_disk_changed(disk, false);
1272 static void blkdev_put_whole(struct block_device *bdev, fmode_t mode)
1274 if (!--bdev->bd_openers)
1275 blkdev_flush_mapping(bdev);
1276 if (bdev->bd_disk->fops->release)
1277 bdev->bd_disk->fops->release(bdev->bd_disk, mode);
1280 static int blkdev_get_part(struct block_device *part, fmode_t mode)
1282 struct gendisk *disk = part->bd_disk;
1283 struct block_device *whole;
1286 if (part->bd_openers)
1289 whole = bdgrab(disk->part0);
1290 ret = blkdev_get_whole(whole, mode);
1295 if (!bdev_nr_sectors(part))
1296 goto out_blkdev_put;
1298 disk->open_partitions++;
1299 set_init_blocksize(part);
1300 if (part->bd_bdi == &noop_backing_dev_info)
1301 part->bd_bdi = bdi_get(disk->queue->backing_dev_info);
1307 blkdev_put_whole(whole, mode);
1313 static void blkdev_put_part(struct block_device *part, fmode_t mode)
1315 struct block_device *whole = bdev_whole(part);
1317 if (--part->bd_openers)
1319 blkdev_flush_mapping(part);
1320 whole->bd_disk->open_partitions--;
1321 blkdev_put_whole(whole, mode);
1325 struct block_device *blkdev_get_no_open(dev_t dev)
1327 struct block_device *bdev;
1328 struct gendisk *disk;
1332 blk_request_module(dev);
1338 disk = bdev->bd_disk;
1339 if (!kobject_get_unless_zero(&disk_to_dev(disk)->kobj))
1341 if ((disk->flags & (GENHD_FL_UP | GENHD_FL_HIDDEN)) != GENHD_FL_UP)
1343 if (!try_module_get(bdev->bd_disk->fops->owner))
1353 void blkdev_put_no_open(struct block_device *bdev)
1355 module_put(bdev->bd_disk->fops->owner);
1356 put_disk(bdev->bd_disk);
1361 * blkdev_get_by_dev - open a block device by device number
1362 * @dev: device number of block device to open
1363 * @mode: FMODE_* mask
1364 * @holder: exclusive holder identifier
1366 * Open the block device described by device number @dev. If @mode includes
1367 * %FMODE_EXCL, the block device is opened with exclusive access. Specifying
1368 * %FMODE_EXCL with a %NULL @holder is invalid. Exclusive opens may nest for
1371 * Use this interface ONLY if you really do not have anything better - i.e. when
1372 * you are behind a truly sucky interface and all you are given is a device
1373 * number. Everything else should use blkdev_get_by_path().
1379 * Reference to the block_device on success, ERR_PTR(-errno) on failure.
1381 struct block_device *blkdev_get_by_dev(dev_t dev, fmode_t mode, void *holder)
1383 bool unblock_events = true;
1384 struct block_device *bdev;
1385 struct gendisk *disk;
1388 ret = devcgroup_check_permission(DEVCG_DEV_BLOCK,
1389 MAJOR(dev), MINOR(dev),
1390 ((mode & FMODE_READ) ? DEVCG_ACC_READ : 0) |
1391 ((mode & FMODE_WRITE) ? DEVCG_ACC_WRITE : 0));
1393 return ERR_PTR(ret);
1395 bdev = blkdev_get_no_open(dev);
1397 return ERR_PTR(-ENXIO);
1398 disk = bdev->bd_disk;
1400 if (mode & FMODE_EXCL) {
1401 ret = bd_prepare_to_claim(bdev, holder);
1406 disk_block_events(disk);
1408 mutex_lock(&disk->open_mutex);
1410 if (!(disk->flags & GENHD_FL_UP))
1411 goto abort_claiming;
1412 if (bdev_is_partition(bdev))
1413 ret = blkdev_get_part(bdev, mode);
1415 ret = blkdev_get_whole(bdev, mode);
1417 goto abort_claiming;
1418 if (mode & FMODE_EXCL) {
1419 bd_finish_claiming(bdev, holder);
1422 * Block event polling for write claims if requested. Any write
1423 * holder makes the write_holder state stick until all are
1424 * released. This is good enough and tracking individual
1425 * writeable reference is too fragile given the way @mode is
1426 * used in blkdev_get/put().
1428 if ((mode & FMODE_WRITE) && !bdev->bd_write_holder &&
1429 (disk->flags & GENHD_FL_BLOCK_EVENTS_ON_EXCL_WRITE)) {
1430 bdev->bd_write_holder = true;
1431 unblock_events = false;
1434 mutex_unlock(&disk->open_mutex);
1437 disk_unblock_events(disk);
1441 if (mode & FMODE_EXCL)
1442 bd_abort_claiming(bdev, holder);
1443 mutex_unlock(&disk->open_mutex);
1444 disk_unblock_events(disk);
1446 blkdev_put_no_open(bdev);
1447 return ERR_PTR(ret);
1449 EXPORT_SYMBOL(blkdev_get_by_dev);
1452 * blkdev_get_by_path - open a block device by name
1453 * @path: path to the block device to open
1454 * @mode: FMODE_* mask
1455 * @holder: exclusive holder identifier
1457 * Open the block device described by the device file at @path. If @mode
1458 * includes %FMODE_EXCL, the block device is opened with exclusive access.
1459 * Specifying %FMODE_EXCL with a %NULL @holder is invalid. Exclusive opens may
1460 * nest for the same @holder.
1466 * Reference to the block_device on success, ERR_PTR(-errno) on failure.
1468 struct block_device *blkdev_get_by_path(const char *path, fmode_t mode,
1471 struct block_device *bdev;
1475 error = lookup_bdev(path, &dev);
1477 return ERR_PTR(error);
1479 bdev = blkdev_get_by_dev(dev, mode, holder);
1480 if (!IS_ERR(bdev) && (mode & FMODE_WRITE) && bdev_read_only(bdev)) {
1481 blkdev_put(bdev, mode);
1482 return ERR_PTR(-EACCES);
1487 EXPORT_SYMBOL(blkdev_get_by_path);
1489 static int blkdev_open(struct inode * inode, struct file * filp)
1491 struct block_device *bdev;
1494 * Preserve backwards compatibility and allow large file access
1495 * even if userspace doesn't ask for it explicitly. Some mkfs
1496 * binary needs it. We might want to drop this workaround
1497 * during an unstable branch.
1499 filp->f_flags |= O_LARGEFILE;
1501 filp->f_mode |= FMODE_NOWAIT | FMODE_BUF_RASYNC;
1503 if (filp->f_flags & O_NDELAY)
1504 filp->f_mode |= FMODE_NDELAY;
1505 if (filp->f_flags & O_EXCL)
1506 filp->f_mode |= FMODE_EXCL;
1507 if ((filp->f_flags & O_ACCMODE) == 3)
1508 filp->f_mode |= FMODE_WRITE_IOCTL;
1510 bdev = blkdev_get_by_dev(inode->i_rdev, filp->f_mode, filp);
1512 return PTR_ERR(bdev);
1513 filp->f_mapping = bdev->bd_inode->i_mapping;
1514 filp->f_wb_err = filemap_sample_wb_err(filp->f_mapping);
1518 void blkdev_put(struct block_device *bdev, fmode_t mode)
1520 struct gendisk *disk = bdev->bd_disk;
1523 * Sync early if it looks like we're the last one. If someone else
1524 * opens the block device between now and the decrement of bd_openers
1525 * then we did a sync that we didn't need to, but that's not the end
1526 * of the world and we want to avoid long (could be several minute)
1527 * syncs while holding the mutex.
1529 if (bdev->bd_openers == 1)
1530 sync_blockdev(bdev);
1532 mutex_lock(&disk->open_mutex);
1533 if (mode & FMODE_EXCL) {
1534 struct block_device *whole = bdev_whole(bdev);
1538 * Release a claim on the device. The holder fields
1539 * are protected with bdev_lock. open_mutex is to
1540 * synchronize disk_holder unlinking.
1542 spin_lock(&bdev_lock);
1544 WARN_ON_ONCE(--bdev->bd_holders < 0);
1545 WARN_ON_ONCE(--whole->bd_holders < 0);
1547 if ((bdev_free = !bdev->bd_holders))
1548 bdev->bd_holder = NULL;
1549 if (!whole->bd_holders)
1550 whole->bd_holder = NULL;
1552 spin_unlock(&bdev_lock);
1555 * If this was the last claim, remove holder link and
1556 * unblock evpoll if it was a write holder.
1558 if (bdev_free && bdev->bd_write_holder) {
1559 disk_unblock_events(disk);
1560 bdev->bd_write_holder = false;
1565 * Trigger event checking and tell drivers to flush MEDIA_CHANGE
1566 * event. This is to ensure detection of media removal commanded
1567 * from userland - e.g. eject(1).
1569 disk_flush_events(disk, DISK_EVENT_MEDIA_CHANGE);
1571 if (bdev_is_partition(bdev))
1572 blkdev_put_part(bdev, mode);
1574 blkdev_put_whole(bdev, mode);
1575 mutex_unlock(&disk->open_mutex);
1577 blkdev_put_no_open(bdev);
1579 EXPORT_SYMBOL(blkdev_put);
1581 static int blkdev_close(struct inode * inode, struct file * filp)
1583 struct block_device *bdev = I_BDEV(bdev_file_inode(filp));
1584 blkdev_put(bdev, filp->f_mode);
1588 static long block_ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned cmd, unsigned long arg)
1590 struct block_device *bdev = I_BDEV(bdev_file_inode(file));
1591 fmode_t mode = file->f_mode;
1594 * O_NDELAY can be altered using fcntl(.., F_SETFL, ..), so we have
1595 * to updated it before every ioctl.
1597 if (file->f_flags & O_NDELAY)
1598 mode |= FMODE_NDELAY;
1600 mode &= ~FMODE_NDELAY;
1602 return blkdev_ioctl(bdev, mode, cmd, arg);
1606 * Write data to the block device. Only intended for the block device itself
1607 * and the raw driver which basically is a fake block device.
1609 * Does not take i_mutex for the write and thus is not for general purpose
1612 static ssize_t blkdev_write_iter(struct kiocb *iocb, struct iov_iter *from)
1614 struct file *file = iocb->ki_filp;
1615 struct inode *bd_inode = bdev_file_inode(file);
1616 loff_t size = i_size_read(bd_inode);
1617 struct blk_plug plug;
1621 if (bdev_read_only(I_BDEV(bd_inode)))
1624 if (IS_SWAPFILE(bd_inode) && !is_hibernate_resume_dev(bd_inode->i_rdev))
1627 if (!iov_iter_count(from))
1630 if (iocb->ki_pos >= size)
1633 if ((iocb->ki_flags & (IOCB_NOWAIT | IOCB_DIRECT)) == IOCB_NOWAIT)
1636 size -= iocb->ki_pos;
1637 if (iov_iter_count(from) > size) {
1638 shorted = iov_iter_count(from) - size;
1639 iov_iter_truncate(from, size);
1642 blk_start_plug(&plug);
1643 ret = __generic_file_write_iter(iocb, from);
1645 ret = generic_write_sync(iocb, ret);
1646 iov_iter_reexpand(from, iov_iter_count(from) + shorted);
1647 blk_finish_plug(&plug);
1651 static ssize_t blkdev_read_iter(struct kiocb *iocb, struct iov_iter *to)
1653 struct file *file = iocb->ki_filp;
1654 struct inode *bd_inode = bdev_file_inode(file);
1655 loff_t size = i_size_read(bd_inode);
1656 loff_t pos = iocb->ki_pos;
1664 if (iov_iter_count(to) > size) {
1665 shorted = iov_iter_count(to) - size;
1666 iov_iter_truncate(to, size);
1669 ret = generic_file_read_iter(iocb, to);
1670 iov_iter_reexpand(to, iov_iter_count(to) + shorted);
1674 static int blkdev_writepages(struct address_space *mapping,
1675 struct writeback_control *wbc)
1677 return generic_writepages(mapping, wbc);
1680 static const struct address_space_operations def_blk_aops = {
1681 .set_page_dirty = __set_page_dirty_buffers,
1682 .readpage = blkdev_readpage,
1683 .readahead = blkdev_readahead,
1684 .writepage = blkdev_writepage,
1685 .write_begin = blkdev_write_begin,
1686 .write_end = blkdev_write_end,
1687 .writepages = blkdev_writepages,
1688 .direct_IO = blkdev_direct_IO,
1689 .migratepage = buffer_migrate_page_norefs,
1690 .is_dirty_writeback = buffer_check_dirty_writeback,
1693 #define BLKDEV_FALLOC_FL_SUPPORTED \
1694 (FALLOC_FL_KEEP_SIZE | FALLOC_FL_PUNCH_HOLE | \
1695 FALLOC_FL_ZERO_RANGE | FALLOC_FL_NO_HIDE_STALE)
1697 static long blkdev_fallocate(struct file *file, int mode, loff_t start,
1700 struct block_device *bdev = I_BDEV(bdev_file_inode(file));
1701 loff_t end = start + len - 1;
1705 /* Fail if we don't recognize the flags. */
1706 if (mode & ~BLKDEV_FALLOC_FL_SUPPORTED)
1709 /* Don't go off the end of the device. */
1710 isize = i_size_read(bdev->bd_inode);
1714 if (mode & FALLOC_FL_KEEP_SIZE) {
1715 len = isize - start;
1716 end = start + len - 1;
1722 * Don't allow IO that isn't aligned to logical block size.
1724 if ((start | len) & (bdev_logical_block_size(bdev) - 1))
1727 /* Invalidate the page cache, including dirty pages. */
1728 error = truncate_bdev_range(bdev, file->f_mode, start, end);
1733 case FALLOC_FL_ZERO_RANGE:
1734 case FALLOC_FL_ZERO_RANGE | FALLOC_FL_KEEP_SIZE:
1735 error = blkdev_issue_zeroout(bdev, start >> 9, len >> 9,
1736 GFP_KERNEL, BLKDEV_ZERO_NOUNMAP);
1738 case FALLOC_FL_PUNCH_HOLE | FALLOC_FL_KEEP_SIZE:
1739 error = blkdev_issue_zeroout(bdev, start >> 9, len >> 9,
1740 GFP_KERNEL, BLKDEV_ZERO_NOFALLBACK);
1742 case FALLOC_FL_PUNCH_HOLE | FALLOC_FL_KEEP_SIZE | FALLOC_FL_NO_HIDE_STALE:
1743 error = blkdev_issue_discard(bdev, start >> 9, len >> 9,
1753 * Invalidate the page cache again; if someone wandered in and dirtied
1754 * a page, we just discard it - userspace has no way of knowing whether
1755 * the write happened before or after discard completing...
1757 return truncate_bdev_range(bdev, file->f_mode, start, end);
1760 const struct file_operations def_blk_fops = {
1761 .open = blkdev_open,
1762 .release = blkdev_close,
1763 .llseek = block_llseek,
1764 .read_iter = blkdev_read_iter,
1765 .write_iter = blkdev_write_iter,
1766 .iopoll = blkdev_iopoll,
1767 .mmap = generic_file_mmap,
1768 .fsync = blkdev_fsync,
1769 .unlocked_ioctl = block_ioctl,
1770 #ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT
1771 .compat_ioctl = compat_blkdev_ioctl,
1773 .splice_read = generic_file_splice_read,
1774 .splice_write = iter_file_splice_write,
1775 .fallocate = blkdev_fallocate,
1779 * lookup_bdev - lookup a struct block_device by name
1780 * @pathname: special file representing the block device
1781 * @dev: return value of the block device's dev_t
1783 * Get a reference to the blockdevice at @pathname in the current
1784 * namespace if possible and return it. Return ERR_PTR(error)
1787 int lookup_bdev(const char *pathname, dev_t *dev)
1789 struct inode *inode;
1793 if (!pathname || !*pathname)
1796 error = kern_path(pathname, LOOKUP_FOLLOW, &path);
1800 inode = d_backing_inode(path.dentry);
1802 if (!S_ISBLK(inode->i_mode))
1805 if (!may_open_dev(&path))
1808 *dev = inode->i_rdev;
1814 EXPORT_SYMBOL(lookup_bdev);
1816 int __invalidate_device(struct block_device *bdev, bool kill_dirty)
1818 struct super_block *sb = get_super(bdev);
1823 * no need to lock the super, get_super holds the
1824 * read mutex so the filesystem cannot go away
1825 * under us (->put_super runs with the write lock
1828 shrink_dcache_sb(sb);
1829 res = invalidate_inodes(sb, kill_dirty);
1832 invalidate_bdev(bdev);
1835 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__invalidate_device);
1837 void iterate_bdevs(void (*func)(struct block_device *, void *), void *arg)
1839 struct inode *inode, *old_inode = NULL;
1841 spin_lock(&blockdev_superblock->s_inode_list_lock);
1842 list_for_each_entry(inode, &blockdev_superblock->s_inodes, i_sb_list) {
1843 struct address_space *mapping = inode->i_mapping;
1844 struct block_device *bdev;
1846 spin_lock(&inode->i_lock);
1847 if (inode->i_state & (I_FREEING|I_WILL_FREE|I_NEW) ||
1848 mapping->nrpages == 0) {
1849 spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
1853 spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
1854 spin_unlock(&blockdev_superblock->s_inode_list_lock);
1856 * We hold a reference to 'inode' so it couldn't have been
1857 * removed from s_inodes list while we dropped the
1858 * s_inode_list_lock We cannot iput the inode now as we can
1859 * be holding the last reference and we cannot iput it under
1860 * s_inode_list_lock. So we keep the reference and iput it
1865 bdev = I_BDEV(inode);
1867 mutex_lock(&bdev->bd_disk->open_mutex);
1868 if (bdev->bd_openers)
1870 mutex_unlock(&bdev->bd_disk->open_mutex);
1872 spin_lock(&blockdev_superblock->s_inode_list_lock);
1874 spin_unlock(&blockdev_superblock->s_inode_list_lock);