1 /******************************************************************************
4 * Device for creating grant references (in user-space) that may be shared
7 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
8 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
9 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
10 * GNU General Public License for more details.
12 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
13 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
14 * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
18 * This driver exists to allow userspace programs in Linux to allocate kernel
19 * memory that will later be shared with another domain. Without this device,
20 * Linux userspace programs cannot create grant references.
22 * How this stuff works:
23 * X -> granting a page to Y
24 * Y -> mapping the grant from X
26 * 1. X uses the gntalloc device to allocate a page of kernel memory, P.
27 * 2. X creates an entry in the grant table that says domid(Y) can access P.
28 * This is done without a hypercall unless the grant table needs expansion.
29 * 3. X gives the grant reference identifier, GREF, to Y.
30 * 4. Y maps the page, either directly into kernel memory for use in a backend
31 * driver, or via a the gntdev device to map into the address space of an
32 * application running in Y. This is the first point at which Xen does any
33 * tracking of the page.
34 * 5. A program in X mmap()s a segment of the gntalloc device that corresponds
35 * to the shared page, and can now communicate with Y over the shared page.
38 * NOTE TO USERSPACE LIBRARIES:
39 * The grant allocation and mmap()ing are, naturally, two separate operations.
40 * You set up the sharing by calling the create ioctl() and then the mmap().
41 * Teardown requires munmap() and either close() or ioctl().
43 * WARNING: Since Xen does not allow a guest to forcibly end the use of a grant
44 * reference, this device can be used to consume kernel memory by leaving grant
45 * references mapped by another domain when an application exits. Therefore,
46 * there is a global limit on the number of pages that can be allocated. When
47 * all references to the page are unmapped, it will be freed during the next
51 #define pr_fmt(fmt) "xen:" KBUILD_MODNAME ": " fmt
53 #include <linux/atomic.h>
54 #include <linux/module.h>
55 #include <linux/miscdevice.h>
56 #include <linux/kernel.h>
57 #include <linux/init.h>
58 #include <linux/slab.h>
60 #include <linux/device.h>
62 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
63 #include <linux/types.h>
64 #include <linux/list.h>
65 #include <linux/highmem.h>
69 #include <xen/grant_table.h>
70 #include <xen/gntalloc.h>
71 #include <xen/events.h>
73 static int limit = 1024;
74 module_param(limit, int, 0644);
75 MODULE_PARM_DESC(limit, "Maximum number of grants that may be allocated by "
76 "the gntalloc device");
78 static LIST_HEAD(gref_list);
79 static DEFINE_MUTEX(gref_mutex);
83 uint16_t pgoff:12; /* Bits 0-11: Offset of the byte to clear */
84 uint16_t flags:2; /* Bits 12-13: Unmap notification flags */
85 int event; /* Port (event channel) to notify */
88 /* Metadata on a grant reference. */
89 struct gntalloc_gref {
90 struct list_head next_gref; /* list entry gref_list */
91 struct list_head next_file; /* list entry file->list, if open */
92 struct page *page; /* The shared page */
93 uint64_t file_index; /* File offset for mmap() */
94 unsigned int users; /* Use count - when zero, waiting on Xen */
95 grant_ref_t gref_id; /* The grant reference number */
96 struct notify_info notify; /* Unmap notification */
99 struct gntalloc_file_private_data {
100 struct list_head list;
104 struct gntalloc_vma_private_data {
105 struct gntalloc_gref *gref;
110 static void __del_gref(struct gntalloc_gref *gref);
112 static void do_cleanup(void)
114 struct gntalloc_gref *gref, *n;
115 list_for_each_entry_safe(gref, n, &gref_list, next_gref) {
121 static int add_grefs(struct ioctl_gntalloc_alloc_gref *op,
122 uint32_t *gref_ids, struct gntalloc_file_private_data *priv)
125 LIST_HEAD(queue_gref);
126 LIST_HEAD(queue_file);
127 struct gntalloc_gref *gref, *next;
129 readonly = !(op->flags & GNTALLOC_FLAG_WRITABLE);
130 for (i = 0; i < op->count; i++) {
131 gref = kzalloc(sizeof(*gref), GFP_KERNEL);
136 list_add_tail(&gref->next_gref, &queue_gref);
137 list_add_tail(&gref->next_file, &queue_file);
139 gref->file_index = op->index + i * PAGE_SIZE;
140 gref->page = alloc_page(GFP_KERNEL|__GFP_ZERO);
146 /* Grant foreign access to the page. */
147 rc = gnttab_grant_foreign_access(op->domid,
148 xen_page_to_gfn(gref->page),
152 gref_ids[i] = gref->gref_id = rc;
155 /* Add to gref lists. */
156 mutex_lock(&gref_mutex);
157 list_splice_tail(&queue_gref, &gref_list);
158 list_splice_tail(&queue_file, &priv->list);
159 mutex_unlock(&gref_mutex);
164 mutex_lock(&gref_mutex);
165 gref_size -= (op->count - i);
167 list_for_each_entry_safe(gref, next, &queue_file, next_file) {
168 list_del(&gref->next_file);
172 /* It's possible for the target domain to map the just-allocated grant
173 * references by blindly guessing their IDs; if this is done, then
174 * __del_gref will leave them in the queue_gref list. They need to be
175 * added to the global list so that we can free them when they are no
178 if (unlikely(!list_empty(&queue_gref)))
179 list_splice_tail(&queue_gref, &gref_list);
180 mutex_unlock(&gref_mutex);
184 static void __del_gref(struct gntalloc_gref *gref)
186 if (gref->notify.flags & UNMAP_NOTIFY_CLEAR_BYTE) {
187 uint8_t *tmp = kmap(gref->page);
188 tmp[gref->notify.pgoff] = 0;
191 if (gref->notify.flags & UNMAP_NOTIFY_SEND_EVENT) {
192 notify_remote_via_evtchn(gref->notify.event);
193 evtchn_put(gref->notify.event);
196 gref->notify.flags = 0;
199 if (gnttab_query_foreign_access(gref->gref_id))
202 if (!gnttab_end_foreign_access_ref(gref->gref_id, 0))
205 gnttab_free_grant_reference(gref->gref_id);
209 list_del(&gref->next_gref);
212 __free_page(gref->page);
217 /* finds contiguous grant references in a file, returns the first */
218 static struct gntalloc_gref *find_grefs(struct gntalloc_file_private_data *priv,
219 uint64_t index, uint32_t count)
221 struct gntalloc_gref *rv = NULL, *gref;
222 list_for_each_entry(gref, &priv->list, next_file) {
223 if (gref->file_index == index && !rv)
226 if (gref->file_index != index)
238 * -------------------------------------
240 * -------------------------------------
242 static int gntalloc_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
244 struct gntalloc_file_private_data *priv;
246 priv = kzalloc(sizeof(*priv), GFP_KERNEL);
249 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&priv->list);
251 filp->private_data = priv;
253 pr_debug("%s: priv %p\n", __func__, priv);
261 static int gntalloc_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
263 struct gntalloc_file_private_data *priv = filp->private_data;
264 struct gntalloc_gref *gref;
266 pr_debug("%s: priv %p\n", __func__, priv);
268 mutex_lock(&gref_mutex);
269 while (!list_empty(&priv->list)) {
270 gref = list_entry(priv->list.next,
271 struct gntalloc_gref, next_file);
272 list_del(&gref->next_file);
274 if (gref->users == 0)
278 mutex_unlock(&gref_mutex);
283 static long gntalloc_ioctl_alloc(struct gntalloc_file_private_data *priv,
284 struct ioctl_gntalloc_alloc_gref __user *arg)
287 struct ioctl_gntalloc_alloc_gref op;
290 pr_debug("%s: priv %p\n", __func__, priv);
292 if (copy_from_user(&op, arg, sizeof(op))) {
297 gref_ids = kcalloc(op.count, sizeof(gref_ids[0]), GFP_KERNEL);
303 mutex_lock(&gref_mutex);
304 /* Clean up pages that were at zero (local) users but were still mapped
305 * by remote domains. Since those pages count towards the limit that we
306 * are about to enforce, removing them here is a good idea.
309 if (gref_size + op.count > limit) {
310 mutex_unlock(&gref_mutex);
314 gref_size += op.count;
315 op.index = priv->index;
316 priv->index += op.count * PAGE_SIZE;
317 mutex_unlock(&gref_mutex);
319 rc = add_grefs(&op, gref_ids, priv);
323 /* Once we finish add_grefs, it is unsafe to touch the new reference,
324 * since it is possible for a concurrent ioctl to remove it (by guessing
325 * its index). If the userspace application doesn't provide valid memory
326 * to write the IDs to, then it will need to close the file in order to
327 * release - which it will do by segfaulting when it tries to access the
330 if (copy_to_user(arg, &op, sizeof(op))) {
334 if (copy_to_user(arg->gref_ids, gref_ids,
335 sizeof(gref_ids[0]) * op.count)) {
346 static long gntalloc_ioctl_dealloc(struct gntalloc_file_private_data *priv,
350 struct ioctl_gntalloc_dealloc_gref op;
351 struct gntalloc_gref *gref, *n;
353 pr_debug("%s: priv %p\n", __func__, priv);
355 if (copy_from_user(&op, arg, sizeof(op))) {
357 goto dealloc_grant_out;
360 mutex_lock(&gref_mutex);
361 gref = find_grefs(priv, op.index, op.count);
363 /* Remove from the file list only, and decrease reference count.
364 * The later call to do_cleanup() will remove from gref_list and
365 * free the memory if the pages aren't mapped anywhere.
367 for (i = 0; i < op.count; i++) {
368 n = list_entry(gref->next_file.next,
369 struct gntalloc_gref, next_file);
370 list_del(&gref->next_file);
380 mutex_unlock(&gref_mutex);
385 static long gntalloc_ioctl_unmap_notify(struct gntalloc_file_private_data *priv,
388 struct ioctl_gntalloc_unmap_notify op;
389 struct gntalloc_gref *gref;
394 if (copy_from_user(&op, arg, sizeof(op)))
397 index = op.index & ~(PAGE_SIZE - 1);
398 pgoff = op.index & (PAGE_SIZE - 1);
400 mutex_lock(&gref_mutex);
402 gref = find_grefs(priv, index, 1);
408 if (op.action & ~(UNMAP_NOTIFY_CLEAR_BYTE|UNMAP_NOTIFY_SEND_EVENT)) {
413 /* We need to grab a reference to the event channel we are going to use
414 * to send the notify before releasing the reference we may already have
415 * (if someone has called this ioctl twice). This is required so that
416 * it is possible to change the clear_byte part of the notification
417 * without disturbing the event channel part, which may now be the last
418 * reference to that event channel.
420 if (op.action & UNMAP_NOTIFY_SEND_EVENT) {
421 if (evtchn_get(op.event_channel_port)) {
427 if (gref->notify.flags & UNMAP_NOTIFY_SEND_EVENT)
428 evtchn_put(gref->notify.event);
430 gref->notify.flags = op.action;
431 gref->notify.pgoff = pgoff;
432 gref->notify.event = op.event_channel_port;
436 mutex_unlock(&gref_mutex);
440 static long gntalloc_ioctl(struct file *filp, unsigned int cmd,
443 struct gntalloc_file_private_data *priv = filp->private_data;
446 case IOCTL_GNTALLOC_ALLOC_GREF:
447 return gntalloc_ioctl_alloc(priv, (void __user *)arg);
449 case IOCTL_GNTALLOC_DEALLOC_GREF:
450 return gntalloc_ioctl_dealloc(priv, (void __user *)arg);
452 case IOCTL_GNTALLOC_SET_UNMAP_NOTIFY:
453 return gntalloc_ioctl_unmap_notify(priv, (void __user *)arg);
462 static void gntalloc_vma_open(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
464 struct gntalloc_vma_private_data *priv = vma->vm_private_data;
469 mutex_lock(&gref_mutex);
471 mutex_unlock(&gref_mutex);
474 static void gntalloc_vma_close(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
476 struct gntalloc_vma_private_data *priv = vma->vm_private_data;
477 struct gntalloc_gref *gref, *next;
483 mutex_lock(&gref_mutex);
485 if (priv->users == 0) {
487 for (i = 0; i < priv->count; i++) {
489 next = list_entry(gref->next_gref.next,
490 struct gntalloc_gref, next_gref);
491 if (gref->users == 0)
497 mutex_unlock(&gref_mutex);
500 static const struct vm_operations_struct gntalloc_vmops = {
501 .open = gntalloc_vma_open,
502 .close = gntalloc_vma_close,
505 static int gntalloc_mmap(struct file *filp, struct vm_area_struct *vma)
507 struct gntalloc_file_private_data *priv = filp->private_data;
508 struct gntalloc_vma_private_data *vm_priv;
509 struct gntalloc_gref *gref;
510 int count = vma_pages(vma);
513 if (!(vma->vm_flags & VM_SHARED)) {
514 pr_err("%s: Mapping must be shared\n", __func__);
518 vm_priv = kmalloc(sizeof(*vm_priv), GFP_KERNEL);
522 mutex_lock(&gref_mutex);
524 pr_debug("%s: priv %p,%p, page %lu+%d\n", __func__,
525 priv, vm_priv, vma->vm_pgoff, count);
527 gref = find_grefs(priv, vma->vm_pgoff << PAGE_SHIFT, count);
530 pr_debug("%s: Could not find grant reference",
536 vm_priv->gref = gref;
538 vm_priv->count = count;
540 vma->vm_private_data = vm_priv;
542 vma->vm_flags |= VM_DONTEXPAND | VM_DONTDUMP;
544 vma->vm_ops = &gntalloc_vmops;
546 for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
548 rv = vm_insert_page(vma, vma->vm_start + i * PAGE_SIZE,
553 gref = list_entry(gref->next_file.next,
554 struct gntalloc_gref, next_file);
559 mutex_unlock(&gref_mutex);
563 static const struct file_operations gntalloc_fops = {
564 .owner = THIS_MODULE,
565 .open = gntalloc_open,
566 .release = gntalloc_release,
567 .unlocked_ioctl = gntalloc_ioctl,
568 .mmap = gntalloc_mmap
572 * -------------------------------------
573 * Module creation/destruction.
574 * -------------------------------------
576 static struct miscdevice gntalloc_miscdev = {
577 .minor = MISC_DYNAMIC_MINOR,
578 .name = "xen/gntalloc",
579 .fops = &gntalloc_fops,
582 static int __init gntalloc_init(void)
589 err = misc_register(&gntalloc_miscdev);
591 pr_err("Could not register misc gntalloc device\n");
595 pr_debug("Created grant allocation device at %d,%d\n",
596 MISC_MAJOR, gntalloc_miscdev.minor);
601 static void __exit gntalloc_exit(void)
603 misc_deregister(&gntalloc_miscdev);
606 module_init(gntalloc_init);
607 module_exit(gntalloc_exit);
609 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
610 MODULE_AUTHOR("Carter Weatherly <carter.weatherly@jhuapl.edu>, "
611 "Daniel De Graaf <dgdegra@tycho.nsa.gov>");
612 MODULE_DESCRIPTION("User-space grant reference allocator driver");