1 /******************************************************************************
2 * Xen balloon driver - enables returning/claiming memory to/from Xen.
4 * Copyright (c) 2003, B Dragovic
5 * Copyright (c) 2003-2004, M Williamson, K Fraser
6 * Copyright (c) 2005 Dan M. Smith, IBM Corporation
7 * Copyright (c) 2010 Daniel Kiper
9 * Memory hotplug support was written by Daniel Kiper. Work on
10 * it was sponsored by Google under Google Summer of Code 2010
11 * program. Jeremy Fitzhardinge from Citrix was the mentor for
14 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
15 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2
16 * as published by the Free Software Foundation; or, when distributed
17 * separately from the Linux kernel or incorporated into other
18 * software packages, subject to the following license:
20 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
21 * of this source file (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without
22 * restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify,
23 * merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
24 * and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
25 * the following conditions:
27 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
28 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
30 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
31 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
32 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
33 * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
34 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
35 * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
39 #define pr_fmt(fmt) "xen:" KBUILD_MODNAME ": " fmt
41 #include <linux/cpu.h>
42 #include <linux/kernel.h>
43 #include <linux/sched.h>
44 #include <linux/cred.h>
45 #include <linux/errno.h>
47 #include <linux/memblock.h>
48 #include <linux/pagemap.h>
49 #include <linux/highmem.h>
50 #include <linux/mutex.h>
51 #include <linux/list.h>
52 #include <linux/gfp.h>
53 #include <linux/notifier.h>
54 #include <linux/memory.h>
55 #include <linux/memory_hotplug.h>
56 #include <linux/percpu-defs.h>
57 #include <linux/slab.h>
58 #include <linux/sysctl.h>
61 #include <asm/pgalloc.h>
64 #include <asm/xen/hypervisor.h>
65 #include <asm/xen/hypercall.h>
68 #include <xen/interface/xen.h>
69 #include <xen/interface/memory.h>
70 #include <xen/balloon.h>
71 #include <xen/features.h>
73 #include <xen/mem-reservation.h>
75 static int xen_hotplug_unpopulated;
77 #ifdef CONFIG_XEN_BALLOON_MEMORY_HOTPLUG
79 static struct ctl_table balloon_table[] = {
81 .procname = "hotplug_unpopulated",
82 .data = &xen_hotplug_unpopulated,
83 .maxlen = sizeof(int),
85 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec_minmax,
86 .extra1 = SYSCTL_ZERO,
92 static struct ctl_table balloon_root[] = {
94 .procname = "balloon",
96 .child = balloon_table,
101 static struct ctl_table xen_root[] = {
105 .child = balloon_root,
113 * Use one extent per PAGE_SIZE to avoid to break down the page into
116 #define EXTENT_ORDER (fls(XEN_PFN_PER_PAGE) - 1)
119 * balloon_process() state:
121 * BP_DONE: done or nothing to do,
122 * BP_WAIT: wait to be rescheduled,
123 * BP_EAGAIN: error, go to sleep,
124 * BP_ECANCELED: error, balloon operation canceled.
135 static DEFINE_MUTEX(balloon_mutex);
137 struct balloon_stats balloon_stats;
138 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(balloon_stats);
140 /* We increase/decrease in batches which fit in a page */
141 static xen_pfn_t frame_list[PAGE_SIZE / sizeof(xen_pfn_t)];
144 /* List of ballooned pages, threaded through the mem_map array. */
145 static LIST_HEAD(ballooned_pages);
146 static DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(balloon_wq);
148 /* Main work function, always executed in process context. */
149 static void balloon_process(struct work_struct *work);
150 static DECLARE_DELAYED_WORK(balloon_worker, balloon_process);
152 /* When ballooning out (allocating memory to return to Xen) we don't really
153 want the kernel to try too hard since that can trigger the oom killer. */
154 #define GFP_BALLOON \
155 (GFP_HIGHUSER | __GFP_NOWARN | __GFP_NORETRY | __GFP_NOMEMALLOC)
157 /* balloon_append: add the given page to the balloon. */
158 static void balloon_append(struct page *page)
160 __SetPageOffline(page);
162 /* Lowmem is re-populated first, so highmem pages go at list tail. */
163 if (PageHighMem(page)) {
164 list_add_tail(&page->lru, &ballooned_pages);
165 balloon_stats.balloon_high++;
167 list_add(&page->lru, &ballooned_pages);
168 balloon_stats.balloon_low++;
170 wake_up(&balloon_wq);
173 /* balloon_retrieve: rescue a page from the balloon, if it is not empty. */
174 static struct page *balloon_retrieve(bool require_lowmem)
178 if (list_empty(&ballooned_pages))
181 page = list_entry(ballooned_pages.next, struct page, lru);
182 if (require_lowmem && PageHighMem(page))
184 list_del(&page->lru);
186 if (PageHighMem(page))
187 balloon_stats.balloon_high--;
189 balloon_stats.balloon_low--;
191 __ClearPageOffline(page);
195 static struct page *balloon_next_page(struct page *page)
197 struct list_head *next = page->lru.next;
198 if (next == &ballooned_pages)
200 return list_entry(next, struct page, lru);
203 static enum bp_state update_schedule(enum bp_state state)
205 if (state == BP_WAIT)
208 if (state == BP_ECANCELED)
211 if (state == BP_DONE) {
212 balloon_stats.schedule_delay = 1;
213 balloon_stats.retry_count = 1;
217 ++balloon_stats.retry_count;
219 if (balloon_stats.max_retry_count != RETRY_UNLIMITED &&
220 balloon_stats.retry_count > balloon_stats.max_retry_count) {
221 balloon_stats.schedule_delay = 1;
222 balloon_stats.retry_count = 1;
226 balloon_stats.schedule_delay <<= 1;
228 if (balloon_stats.schedule_delay > balloon_stats.max_schedule_delay)
229 balloon_stats.schedule_delay = balloon_stats.max_schedule_delay;
234 #ifdef CONFIG_XEN_BALLOON_MEMORY_HOTPLUG
235 static void release_memory_resource(struct resource *resource)
241 * No need to reset region to identity mapped since we now
242 * know that no I/O can be in this region
244 release_resource(resource);
248 static struct resource *additional_memory_resource(phys_addr_t size)
250 struct resource *res;
253 res = kzalloc(sizeof(*res), GFP_KERNEL);
257 res->name = "System RAM";
258 res->flags = IORESOURCE_SYSTEM_RAM | IORESOURCE_BUSY;
260 ret = allocate_resource(&iomem_resource, res,
262 PAGES_PER_SECTION * PAGE_SIZE, NULL, NULL);
264 pr_err("Cannot allocate new System RAM resource\n");
269 #ifdef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM
271 unsigned long limit = 1UL << (MAX_PHYSMEM_BITS - PAGE_SHIFT);
272 unsigned long pfn = res->start >> PAGE_SHIFT;
275 pr_err("New System RAM resource outside addressable RAM (%lu > %lu)\n",
277 release_memory_resource(res);
286 static enum bp_state reserve_additional_memory(void)
289 struct resource *resource;
291 unsigned long balloon_hotplug;
293 credit = balloon_stats.target_pages + balloon_stats.target_unpopulated
294 - balloon_stats.total_pages;
297 * Already hotplugged enough pages? Wait for them to be
303 balloon_hotplug = round_up(credit, PAGES_PER_SECTION);
305 resource = additional_memory_resource(balloon_hotplug * PAGE_SIZE);
309 nid = memory_add_physaddr_to_nid(resource->start);
311 #ifdef CONFIG_XEN_HAVE_PVMMU
313 * We don't support PV MMU when Linux and Xen is using
314 * different page granularity.
316 BUILD_BUG_ON(XEN_PAGE_SIZE != PAGE_SIZE);
319 * add_memory() will build page tables for the new memory so
320 * the p2m must contain invalid entries so the correct
321 * non-present PTEs will be written.
323 * If a failure occurs, the original (identity) p2m entries
324 * are not restored since this region is now known not to
325 * conflict with any devices.
327 if (!xen_feature(XENFEAT_auto_translated_physmap)) {
328 unsigned long pfn, i;
330 pfn = PFN_DOWN(resource->start);
331 for (i = 0; i < balloon_hotplug; i++) {
332 if (!set_phys_to_machine(pfn + i, INVALID_P2M_ENTRY)) {
333 pr_warn("set_phys_to_machine() failed, no memory added\n");
341 * add_memory_resource() will call online_pages() which in its turn
342 * will call xen_online_page() callback causing deadlock if we don't
343 * release balloon_mutex here. Unlocking here is safe because the
344 * callers drop the mutex before trying again.
346 mutex_unlock(&balloon_mutex);
347 /* add_memory_resource() requires the device_hotplug lock */
348 lock_device_hotplug();
349 rc = add_memory_resource(nid, resource);
350 unlock_device_hotplug();
351 mutex_lock(&balloon_mutex);
354 pr_warn("Cannot add additional memory (%i)\n", rc);
358 balloon_stats.total_pages += balloon_hotplug;
362 release_memory_resource(resource);
366 static void xen_online_page(struct page *page, unsigned int order)
368 unsigned long i, size = (1 << order);
369 unsigned long start_pfn = page_to_pfn(page);
372 pr_debug("Online %lu pages starting at pfn 0x%lx\n", size, start_pfn);
373 mutex_lock(&balloon_mutex);
374 for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
375 p = pfn_to_page(start_pfn + i);
378 mutex_unlock(&balloon_mutex);
381 static int xen_memory_notifier(struct notifier_block *nb, unsigned long val, void *v)
383 if (val == MEM_ONLINE)
384 schedule_delayed_work(&balloon_worker, 0);
389 static struct notifier_block xen_memory_nb = {
390 .notifier_call = xen_memory_notifier,
394 static enum bp_state reserve_additional_memory(void)
396 balloon_stats.target_pages = balloon_stats.current_pages +
397 balloon_stats.target_unpopulated;
400 #endif /* CONFIG_XEN_BALLOON_MEMORY_HOTPLUG */
402 static long current_credit(void)
404 return balloon_stats.target_pages - balloon_stats.current_pages;
407 static bool balloon_is_inflated(void)
409 return balloon_stats.balloon_low || balloon_stats.balloon_high;
412 static enum bp_state increase_reservation(unsigned long nr_pages)
418 if (nr_pages > ARRAY_SIZE(frame_list))
419 nr_pages = ARRAY_SIZE(frame_list);
421 page = list_first_entry_or_null(&ballooned_pages, struct page, lru);
422 for (i = 0; i < nr_pages; i++) {
428 frame_list[i] = page_to_xen_pfn(page);
429 page = balloon_next_page(page);
432 rc = xenmem_reservation_increase(nr_pages, frame_list);
436 for (i = 0; i < rc; i++) {
437 page = balloon_retrieve(false);
438 BUG_ON(page == NULL);
440 xenmem_reservation_va_mapping_update(1, &page, &frame_list[i]);
442 /* Relinquish the page back to the allocator. */
443 free_reserved_page(page);
446 balloon_stats.current_pages += rc;
451 static enum bp_state decrease_reservation(unsigned long nr_pages, gfp_t gfp)
453 enum bp_state state = BP_DONE;
455 struct page *page, *tmp;
459 if (nr_pages > ARRAY_SIZE(frame_list))
460 nr_pages = ARRAY_SIZE(frame_list);
462 for (i = 0; i < nr_pages; i++) {
463 page = alloc_page(gfp);
469 adjust_managed_page_count(page, -1);
470 xenmem_reservation_scrub_page(page);
471 list_add(&page->lru, &pages);
475 * Ensure that ballooned highmem pages don't have kmaps.
477 * Do this before changing the p2m as kmap_flush_unused()
478 * reads PTEs to obtain pages (and hence needs the original
484 * Setup the frame, update direct mapping, invalidate P2M,
485 * and add to balloon.
488 list_for_each_entry_safe(page, tmp, &pages, lru) {
489 frame_list[i++] = xen_page_to_gfn(page);
491 xenmem_reservation_va_mapping_reset(1, &page);
493 list_del(&page->lru);
495 balloon_append(page);
500 ret = xenmem_reservation_decrease(nr_pages, frame_list);
501 BUG_ON(ret != nr_pages);
503 balloon_stats.current_pages -= nr_pages;
509 * As this is a work item it is guaranteed to run as a single instance only.
510 * We may of course race updates of the target counts (which are protected
511 * by the balloon lock), or with changes to the Xen hard limit, but we will
512 * recover from these in time.
514 static void balloon_process(struct work_struct *work)
516 enum bp_state state = BP_DONE;
521 mutex_lock(&balloon_mutex);
523 credit = current_credit();
526 if (balloon_is_inflated())
527 state = increase_reservation(credit);
529 state = reserve_additional_memory();
535 n_pages = min(-credit, si_mem_available());
536 state = decrease_reservation(n_pages, GFP_BALLOON);
537 if (state == BP_DONE && n_pages != -credit &&
538 n_pages < totalreserve_pages)
542 state = update_schedule(state);
544 mutex_unlock(&balloon_mutex);
548 } while (credit && state == BP_DONE);
550 /* Schedule more work if there is some still to be done. */
551 if (state == BP_EAGAIN)
552 schedule_delayed_work(&balloon_worker, balloon_stats.schedule_delay * HZ);
555 /* Resets the Xen limit, sets new target, and kicks off processing. */
556 void balloon_set_new_target(unsigned long target)
558 /* No need for lock. Not read-modify-write updates. */
559 balloon_stats.target_pages = target;
560 schedule_delayed_work(&balloon_worker, 0);
562 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(balloon_set_new_target);
564 static int add_ballooned_pages(int nr_pages)
568 if (xen_hotplug_unpopulated) {
569 st = reserve_additional_memory();
570 if (st != BP_ECANCELED) {
571 mutex_unlock(&balloon_mutex);
572 wait_event(balloon_wq,
573 !list_empty(&ballooned_pages));
574 mutex_lock(&balloon_mutex);
579 if (si_mem_available() < nr_pages)
582 st = decrease_reservation(nr_pages, GFP_USER);
590 * alloc_xenballooned_pages - get pages that have been ballooned out
591 * @nr_pages: Number of pages to get
592 * @pages: pages returned
593 * @return 0 on success, error otherwise
595 int alloc_xenballooned_pages(int nr_pages, struct page **pages)
601 mutex_lock(&balloon_mutex);
603 balloon_stats.target_unpopulated += nr_pages;
605 while (pgno < nr_pages) {
606 page = balloon_retrieve(true);
608 pages[pgno++] = page;
609 #ifdef CONFIG_XEN_HAVE_PVMMU
611 * We don't support PV MMU when Linux and Xen is using
612 * different page granularity.
614 BUILD_BUG_ON(XEN_PAGE_SIZE != PAGE_SIZE);
616 if (!xen_feature(XENFEAT_auto_translated_physmap)) {
617 ret = xen_alloc_p2m_entry(page_to_pfn(page));
623 ret = add_ballooned_pages(nr_pages - pgno);
628 mutex_unlock(&balloon_mutex);
631 mutex_unlock(&balloon_mutex);
632 free_xenballooned_pages(pgno, pages);
635 EXPORT_SYMBOL(alloc_xenballooned_pages);
638 * free_xenballooned_pages - return pages retrieved with get_ballooned_pages
639 * @nr_pages: Number of pages
640 * @pages: pages to return
642 void free_xenballooned_pages(int nr_pages, struct page **pages)
646 mutex_lock(&balloon_mutex);
648 for (i = 0; i < nr_pages; i++) {
650 balloon_append(pages[i]);
653 balloon_stats.target_unpopulated -= nr_pages;
655 /* The balloon may be too large now. Shrink it if needed. */
656 if (current_credit())
657 schedule_delayed_work(&balloon_worker, 0);
659 mutex_unlock(&balloon_mutex);
661 EXPORT_SYMBOL(free_xenballooned_pages);
664 static void __init balloon_add_region(unsigned long start_pfn,
667 unsigned long pfn, extra_pfn_end;
670 * If the amount of usable memory has been limited (e.g., with
671 * the 'mem' command line parameter), don't add pages beyond
674 extra_pfn_end = min(max_pfn, start_pfn + pages);
676 for (pfn = start_pfn; pfn < extra_pfn_end; pfn++) {
677 /* totalram_pages and totalhigh_pages do not
678 include the boot-time balloon extension, so
679 don't subtract from it. */
680 balloon_append(pfn_to_page(pfn));
683 balloon_stats.total_pages += extra_pfn_end - start_pfn;
687 static int __init balloon_init(void)
692 pr_info("Initialising balloon driver\n");
695 balloon_stats.current_pages = xen_pv_domain()
696 ? min(xen_start_info->nr_pages - xen_released_pages, max_pfn)
697 : get_num_physpages();
699 balloon_stats.current_pages = get_num_physpages();
701 balloon_stats.target_pages = balloon_stats.current_pages;
702 balloon_stats.balloon_low = 0;
703 balloon_stats.balloon_high = 0;
704 balloon_stats.total_pages = balloon_stats.current_pages;
706 balloon_stats.schedule_delay = 1;
707 balloon_stats.max_schedule_delay = 32;
708 balloon_stats.retry_count = 1;
709 balloon_stats.max_retry_count = 4;
711 #ifdef CONFIG_XEN_BALLOON_MEMORY_HOTPLUG
712 set_online_page_callback(&xen_online_page);
713 register_memory_notifier(&xen_memory_nb);
714 register_sysctl_table(xen_root);
722 * Initialize the balloon with pages from the extra memory
723 * regions (see arch/x86/xen/setup.c).
725 for (i = 0; i < XEN_EXTRA_MEM_MAX_REGIONS; i++)
726 if (xen_extra_mem[i].n_pfns)
727 balloon_add_region(xen_extra_mem[i].start_pfn,
728 xen_extra_mem[i].n_pfns);
732 /* Init the xen-balloon driver. */
737 subsys_initcall(balloon_init);