2 * Copyright(c) 2013-2015 Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
4 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
5 * it under the terms of version 2 of the GNU General Public License as
6 * published by the Free Software Foundation.
8 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
9 * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
10 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
11 * General Public License for more details.
13 #include <linux/module.h>
14 #include <linux/device.h>
15 #include <linux/sort.h>
16 #include <linux/slab.h>
17 #include <linux/list.h>
23 static void namespace_io_release(struct device *dev)
25 struct nd_namespace_io *nsio = to_nd_namespace_io(dev);
30 static void namespace_pmem_release(struct device *dev)
32 struct nd_namespace_pmem *nspm = to_nd_namespace_pmem(dev);
33 struct nd_region *nd_region = to_nd_region(dev->parent);
36 ida_simple_remove(&nd_region->ns_ida, nspm->id);
37 kfree(nspm->alt_name);
42 static void namespace_blk_release(struct device *dev)
44 struct nd_namespace_blk *nsblk = to_nd_namespace_blk(dev);
45 struct nd_region *nd_region = to_nd_region(dev->parent);
48 ida_simple_remove(&nd_region->ns_ida, nsblk->id);
49 kfree(nsblk->alt_name);
55 static const struct device_type namespace_io_device_type = {
56 .name = "nd_namespace_io",
57 .release = namespace_io_release,
60 static const struct device_type namespace_pmem_device_type = {
61 .name = "nd_namespace_pmem",
62 .release = namespace_pmem_release,
65 static const struct device_type namespace_blk_device_type = {
66 .name = "nd_namespace_blk",
67 .release = namespace_blk_release,
70 static bool is_namespace_pmem(const struct device *dev)
72 return dev ? dev->type == &namespace_pmem_device_type : false;
75 static bool is_namespace_blk(const struct device *dev)
77 return dev ? dev->type == &namespace_blk_device_type : false;
80 static bool is_namespace_io(const struct device *dev)
82 return dev ? dev->type == &namespace_io_device_type : false;
85 static int is_uuid_busy(struct device *dev, void *data)
87 u8 *uuid1 = data, *uuid2 = NULL;
89 if (is_namespace_pmem(dev)) {
90 struct nd_namespace_pmem *nspm = to_nd_namespace_pmem(dev);
93 } else if (is_namespace_blk(dev)) {
94 struct nd_namespace_blk *nsblk = to_nd_namespace_blk(dev);
97 } else if (is_nd_btt(dev)) {
98 struct nd_btt *nd_btt = to_nd_btt(dev);
100 uuid2 = nd_btt->uuid;
101 } else if (is_nd_pfn(dev)) {
102 struct nd_pfn *nd_pfn = to_nd_pfn(dev);
104 uuid2 = nd_pfn->uuid;
107 if (uuid2 && memcmp(uuid1, uuid2, NSLABEL_UUID_LEN) == 0)
113 static int is_namespace_uuid_busy(struct device *dev, void *data)
115 if (is_nd_region(dev))
116 return device_for_each_child(dev, data, is_uuid_busy);
121 * nd_is_uuid_unique - verify that no other namespace has @uuid
122 * @dev: any device on a nvdimm_bus
123 * @uuid: uuid to check
125 bool nd_is_uuid_unique(struct device *dev, u8 *uuid)
127 struct nvdimm_bus *nvdimm_bus = walk_to_nvdimm_bus(dev);
131 WARN_ON_ONCE(!is_nvdimm_bus_locked(&nvdimm_bus->dev));
132 if (device_for_each_child(&nvdimm_bus->dev, uuid,
133 is_namespace_uuid_busy) != 0)
138 bool pmem_should_map_pages(struct device *dev)
140 struct nd_region *nd_region = to_nd_region(dev->parent);
141 struct nd_namespace_io *nsio;
143 if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_ZONE_DEVICE))
146 if (!test_bit(ND_REGION_PAGEMAP, &nd_region->flags))
149 if (is_nd_pfn(dev) || is_nd_btt(dev))
152 nsio = to_nd_namespace_io(dev);
153 if (region_intersects(nsio->res.start, resource_size(&nsio->res),
154 IORESOURCE_SYSTEM_RAM,
155 IORES_DESC_NONE) == REGION_MIXED)
158 return ARCH_MEMREMAP_PMEM == MEMREMAP_WB;
160 EXPORT_SYMBOL(pmem_should_map_pages);
162 unsigned int pmem_sector_size(struct nd_namespace_common *ndns)
164 if (is_namespace_pmem(&ndns->dev)) {
165 struct nd_namespace_pmem *nspm;
167 nspm = to_nd_namespace_pmem(&ndns->dev);
168 if (nspm->lbasize == 0 || nspm->lbasize == 512)
170 else if (nspm->lbasize == 4096)
173 dev_WARN(&ndns->dev, "unsupported sector size: %ld\n",
178 * There is no namespace label (is_namespace_io()), or the label
179 * indicates the default sector size.
183 EXPORT_SYMBOL(pmem_sector_size);
185 const char *nvdimm_namespace_disk_name(struct nd_namespace_common *ndns,
188 struct nd_region *nd_region = to_nd_region(ndns->dev.parent);
189 const char *suffix = NULL;
191 if (ndns->claim && is_nd_btt(ndns->claim))
194 if (is_namespace_pmem(&ndns->dev) || is_namespace_io(&ndns->dev)) {
197 if (is_namespace_pmem(&ndns->dev)) {
198 struct nd_namespace_pmem *nspm;
200 nspm = to_nd_namespace_pmem(&ndns->dev);
205 sprintf(name, "pmem%d.%d%s", nd_region->id, nsidx,
206 suffix ? suffix : "");
208 sprintf(name, "pmem%d%s", nd_region->id,
209 suffix ? suffix : "");
210 } else if (is_namespace_blk(&ndns->dev)) {
211 struct nd_namespace_blk *nsblk;
213 nsblk = to_nd_namespace_blk(&ndns->dev);
214 sprintf(name, "ndblk%d.%d%s", nd_region->id, nsblk->id,
215 suffix ? suffix : "");
222 EXPORT_SYMBOL(nvdimm_namespace_disk_name);
224 const u8 *nd_dev_to_uuid(struct device *dev)
226 static const u8 null_uuid[16];
231 if (is_namespace_pmem(dev)) {
232 struct nd_namespace_pmem *nspm = to_nd_namespace_pmem(dev);
235 } else if (is_namespace_blk(dev)) {
236 struct nd_namespace_blk *nsblk = to_nd_namespace_blk(dev);
242 EXPORT_SYMBOL(nd_dev_to_uuid);
244 static ssize_t nstype_show(struct device *dev,
245 struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
247 struct nd_region *nd_region = to_nd_region(dev->parent);
249 return sprintf(buf, "%d\n", nd_region_to_nstype(nd_region));
251 static DEVICE_ATTR_RO(nstype);
253 static ssize_t __alt_name_store(struct device *dev, const char *buf,
256 char *input, *pos, *alt_name, **ns_altname;
259 if (is_namespace_pmem(dev)) {
260 struct nd_namespace_pmem *nspm = to_nd_namespace_pmem(dev);
262 ns_altname = &nspm->alt_name;
263 } else if (is_namespace_blk(dev)) {
264 struct nd_namespace_blk *nsblk = to_nd_namespace_blk(dev);
266 ns_altname = &nsblk->alt_name;
270 if (dev->driver || to_ndns(dev)->claim)
273 input = kmemdup(buf, len + 1, GFP_KERNEL);
279 if (strlen(pos) + 1 > NSLABEL_NAME_LEN) {
284 alt_name = kzalloc(NSLABEL_NAME_LEN, GFP_KERNEL);
290 *ns_altname = alt_name;
291 sprintf(*ns_altname, "%s", pos);
299 static resource_size_t nd_namespace_blk_size(struct nd_namespace_blk *nsblk)
301 struct nd_region *nd_region = to_nd_region(nsblk->common.dev.parent);
302 struct nd_mapping *nd_mapping = &nd_region->mapping[0];
303 struct nvdimm_drvdata *ndd = to_ndd(nd_mapping);
304 struct nd_label_id label_id;
305 resource_size_t size = 0;
306 struct resource *res;
310 nd_label_gen_id(&label_id, nsblk->uuid, NSLABEL_FLAG_LOCAL);
311 for_each_dpa_resource(ndd, res)
312 if (strcmp(res->name, label_id.id) == 0)
313 size += resource_size(res);
317 static bool __nd_namespace_blk_validate(struct nd_namespace_blk *nsblk)
319 struct nd_region *nd_region = to_nd_region(nsblk->common.dev.parent);
320 struct nd_mapping *nd_mapping = &nd_region->mapping[0];
321 struct nvdimm_drvdata *ndd = to_ndd(nd_mapping);
322 struct nd_label_id label_id;
323 struct resource *res;
326 if (!nsblk->uuid || !nsblk->lbasize || !ndd)
330 nd_label_gen_id(&label_id, nsblk->uuid, NSLABEL_FLAG_LOCAL);
331 for_each_dpa_resource(ndd, res) {
332 if (strcmp(res->name, label_id.id) != 0)
335 * Resources with unacknowledged adjustments indicate a
336 * failure to update labels
338 if (res->flags & DPA_RESOURCE_ADJUSTED)
343 /* These values match after a successful label update */
344 if (count != nsblk->num_resources)
347 for (i = 0; i < nsblk->num_resources; i++) {
348 struct resource *found = NULL;
350 for_each_dpa_resource(ndd, res)
351 if (res == nsblk->res[i]) {
363 resource_size_t nd_namespace_blk_validate(struct nd_namespace_blk *nsblk)
365 resource_size_t size;
367 nvdimm_bus_lock(&nsblk->common.dev);
368 size = __nd_namespace_blk_validate(nsblk);
369 nvdimm_bus_unlock(&nsblk->common.dev);
373 EXPORT_SYMBOL(nd_namespace_blk_validate);
376 static int nd_namespace_label_update(struct nd_region *nd_region,
379 dev_WARN_ONCE(dev, dev->driver || to_ndns(dev)->claim,
380 "namespace must be idle during label update\n");
381 if (dev->driver || to_ndns(dev)->claim)
385 * Only allow label writes that will result in a valid namespace
386 * or deletion of an existing namespace.
388 if (is_namespace_pmem(dev)) {
389 struct nd_namespace_pmem *nspm = to_nd_namespace_pmem(dev);
390 resource_size_t size = resource_size(&nspm->nsio.res);
392 if (size == 0 && nspm->uuid)
393 /* delete allocation */;
394 else if (!nspm->uuid)
397 return nd_pmem_namespace_label_update(nd_region, nspm, size);
398 } else if (is_namespace_blk(dev)) {
399 struct nd_namespace_blk *nsblk = to_nd_namespace_blk(dev);
400 resource_size_t size = nd_namespace_blk_size(nsblk);
402 if (size == 0 && nsblk->uuid)
403 /* delete allocation */;
404 else if (!nsblk->uuid || !nsblk->lbasize)
407 return nd_blk_namespace_label_update(nd_region, nsblk, size);
412 static ssize_t alt_name_store(struct device *dev,
413 struct device_attribute *attr, const char *buf, size_t len)
415 struct nd_region *nd_region = to_nd_region(dev->parent);
419 nvdimm_bus_lock(dev);
420 wait_nvdimm_bus_probe_idle(dev);
421 rc = __alt_name_store(dev, buf, len);
423 rc = nd_namespace_label_update(nd_region, dev);
424 dev_dbg(dev, "%s: %s(%zd)\n", __func__, rc < 0 ? "fail " : "", rc);
425 nvdimm_bus_unlock(dev);
428 return rc < 0 ? rc : len;
431 static ssize_t alt_name_show(struct device *dev,
432 struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
436 if (is_namespace_pmem(dev)) {
437 struct nd_namespace_pmem *nspm = to_nd_namespace_pmem(dev);
439 ns_altname = nspm->alt_name;
440 } else if (is_namespace_blk(dev)) {
441 struct nd_namespace_blk *nsblk = to_nd_namespace_blk(dev);
443 ns_altname = nsblk->alt_name;
447 return sprintf(buf, "%s\n", ns_altname ? ns_altname : "");
449 static DEVICE_ATTR_RW(alt_name);
451 static int scan_free(struct nd_region *nd_region,
452 struct nd_mapping *nd_mapping, struct nd_label_id *label_id,
455 bool is_blk = strncmp(label_id->id, "blk", 3) == 0;
456 struct nvdimm_drvdata *ndd = to_ndd(nd_mapping);
460 struct resource *res, *last;
461 resource_size_t new_start;
464 for_each_dpa_resource(ndd, res)
465 if (strcmp(res->name, label_id->id) == 0)
471 if (n >= resource_size(res)) {
472 n -= resource_size(res);
473 nd_dbg_dpa(nd_region, ndd, res, "delete %d\n", rc);
474 nvdimm_free_dpa(ndd, res);
475 /* retry with last resource deleted */
480 * Keep BLK allocations relegated to high DPA as much as
484 new_start = res->start + n;
486 new_start = res->start;
488 rc = adjust_resource(res, new_start, resource_size(res) - n);
490 res->flags |= DPA_RESOURCE_ADJUSTED;
491 nd_dbg_dpa(nd_region, ndd, res, "shrink %d\n", rc);
499 * shrink_dpa_allocation - for each dimm in region free n bytes for label_id
500 * @nd_region: the set of dimms to reclaim @n bytes from
501 * @label_id: unique identifier for the namespace consuming this dpa range
502 * @n: number of bytes per-dimm to release
504 * Assumes resources are ordered. Starting from the end try to
505 * adjust_resource() the allocation to @n, but if @n is larger than the
506 * allocation delete it and find the 'new' last allocation in the label
509 static int shrink_dpa_allocation(struct nd_region *nd_region,
510 struct nd_label_id *label_id, resource_size_t n)
514 for (i = 0; i < nd_region->ndr_mappings; i++) {
515 struct nd_mapping *nd_mapping = &nd_region->mapping[i];
518 rc = scan_free(nd_region, nd_mapping, label_id, n);
526 static resource_size_t init_dpa_allocation(struct nd_label_id *label_id,
527 struct nd_region *nd_region, struct nd_mapping *nd_mapping,
530 bool is_blk = strncmp(label_id->id, "blk", 3) == 0;
531 struct nvdimm_drvdata *ndd = to_ndd(nd_mapping);
532 resource_size_t first_dpa;
533 struct resource *res;
536 /* allocate blk from highest dpa first */
538 first_dpa = nd_mapping->start + nd_mapping->size - n;
540 first_dpa = nd_mapping->start;
542 /* first resource allocation for this label-id or dimm */
543 res = nvdimm_allocate_dpa(ndd, label_id, first_dpa, n);
547 nd_dbg_dpa(nd_region, ndd, res, "init %d\n", rc);
553 * space_valid() - validate free dpa space against constraints
554 * @nd_region: hosting region of the free space
555 * @ndd: dimm device data for debug
556 * @label_id: namespace id to allocate space
557 * @prev: potential allocation that precedes free space
558 * @next: allocation that follows the given free space range
559 * @exist: first allocation with same id in the mapping
560 * @n: range that must satisfied for pmem allocations
561 * @valid: free space range to validate
563 * BLK-space is valid as long as it does not precede a PMEM
564 * allocation in a given region. PMEM-space must be contiguous
565 * and adjacent to an existing existing allocation (if one
566 * exists). If reserving PMEM any space is valid.
568 static void space_valid(struct nd_region *nd_region, struct nvdimm_drvdata *ndd,
569 struct nd_label_id *label_id, struct resource *prev,
570 struct resource *next, struct resource *exist,
571 resource_size_t n, struct resource *valid)
573 bool is_reserve = strcmp(label_id->id, "pmem-reserve") == 0;
574 bool is_pmem = strncmp(label_id->id, "pmem", 4) == 0;
576 if (valid->start >= valid->end)
583 struct nd_mapping *nd_mapping = &nd_region->mapping[0];
584 struct nvdimm_bus *nvdimm_bus;
585 struct blk_alloc_info info = {
586 .nd_mapping = nd_mapping,
587 .available = nd_mapping->size,
591 WARN_ON(!is_nd_blk(&nd_region->dev));
592 nvdimm_bus = walk_to_nvdimm_bus(&nd_region->dev);
593 device_for_each_child(&nvdimm_bus->dev, &info, alias_dpa_busy);
597 /* allocation needs to be contiguous, so this is all or nothing */
598 if (resource_size(valid) < n)
601 /* we've got all the space we need and no existing allocation */
605 /* allocation needs to be contiguous with the existing namespace */
606 if (valid->start == exist->end + 1
607 || valid->end == exist->start - 1)
611 /* truncate @valid size to 0 */
612 valid->end = valid->start - 1;
616 ALLOC_ERR = 0, ALLOC_BEFORE, ALLOC_MID, ALLOC_AFTER,
619 static resource_size_t scan_allocate(struct nd_region *nd_region,
620 struct nd_mapping *nd_mapping, struct nd_label_id *label_id,
623 resource_size_t mapping_end = nd_mapping->start + nd_mapping->size - 1;
624 bool is_pmem = strncmp(label_id->id, "pmem", 4) == 0;
625 struct nvdimm_drvdata *ndd = to_ndd(nd_mapping);
626 struct resource *res, *exist = NULL, valid;
627 const resource_size_t to_allocate = n;
630 for_each_dpa_resource(ndd, res)
631 if (strcmp(label_id->id, res->name) == 0)
634 valid.start = nd_mapping->start;
635 valid.end = mapping_end;
636 valid.name = "free space";
639 for_each_dpa_resource(ndd, res) {
640 struct resource *next = res->sibling, *new_res = NULL;
641 resource_size_t allocate, available = 0;
642 enum alloc_loc loc = ALLOC_ERR;
646 /* ignore resources outside this nd_mapping */
647 if (res->start > mapping_end)
649 if (res->end < nd_mapping->start)
652 /* space at the beginning of the mapping */
653 if (!first++ && res->start > nd_mapping->start) {
654 valid.start = nd_mapping->start;
655 valid.end = res->start - 1;
656 space_valid(nd_region, ndd, label_id, NULL, next, exist,
657 to_allocate, &valid);
658 available = resource_size(&valid);
663 /* space between allocations */
665 valid.start = res->start + resource_size(res);
666 valid.end = min(mapping_end, next->start - 1);
667 space_valid(nd_region, ndd, label_id, res, next, exist,
668 to_allocate, &valid);
669 available = resource_size(&valid);
674 /* space at the end of the mapping */
676 valid.start = res->start + resource_size(res);
677 valid.end = mapping_end;
678 space_valid(nd_region, ndd, label_id, res, next, exist,
679 to_allocate, &valid);
680 available = resource_size(&valid);
685 if (!loc || !available)
687 allocate = min(available, n);
690 if (strcmp(res->name, label_id->id) == 0) {
691 /* adjust current resource up */
692 rc = adjust_resource(res, res->start - allocate,
693 resource_size(res) + allocate);
694 action = "cur grow up";
699 if (strcmp(next->name, label_id->id) == 0) {
700 /* adjust next resource up */
701 rc = adjust_resource(next, next->start
702 - allocate, resource_size(next)
705 action = "next grow up";
706 } else if (strcmp(res->name, label_id->id) == 0) {
707 action = "grow down";
712 if (strcmp(res->name, label_id->id) == 0)
713 action = "grow down";
721 if (strcmp(action, "allocate") == 0) {
722 /* BLK allocate bottom up */
724 valid.start += available - allocate;
726 new_res = nvdimm_allocate_dpa(ndd, label_id,
727 valid.start, allocate);
730 } else if (strcmp(action, "grow down") == 0) {
731 /* adjust current resource down */
732 rc = adjust_resource(res, res->start, resource_size(res)
735 res->flags |= DPA_RESOURCE_ADJUSTED;
741 nd_dbg_dpa(nd_region, ndd, new_res, "%s(%d) %d\n",
750 * Retry scan with newly inserted resources.
751 * For example, if we did an ALLOC_BEFORE
752 * insertion there may also have been space
753 * available for an ALLOC_AFTER insertion, so we
754 * need to check this same resource again
762 * If we allocated nothing in the BLK case it may be because we are in
763 * an initial "pmem-reserve pass". Only do an initial BLK allocation
764 * when none of the DPA space is reserved.
766 if ((is_pmem || !ndd->dpa.child) && n == to_allocate)
767 return init_dpa_allocation(label_id, nd_region, nd_mapping, n);
771 static int merge_dpa(struct nd_region *nd_region,
772 struct nd_mapping *nd_mapping, struct nd_label_id *label_id)
774 struct nvdimm_drvdata *ndd = to_ndd(nd_mapping);
775 struct resource *res;
777 if (strncmp("pmem", label_id->id, 4) == 0)
780 for_each_dpa_resource(ndd, res) {
782 struct resource *next = res->sibling;
783 resource_size_t end = res->start + resource_size(res);
785 if (!next || strcmp(res->name, label_id->id) != 0
786 || strcmp(next->name, label_id->id) != 0
787 || end != next->start)
789 end += resource_size(next);
790 nvdimm_free_dpa(ndd, next);
791 rc = adjust_resource(res, res->start, end - res->start);
792 nd_dbg_dpa(nd_region, ndd, res, "merge %d\n", rc);
795 res->flags |= DPA_RESOURCE_ADJUSTED;
802 static int __reserve_free_pmem(struct device *dev, void *data)
804 struct nvdimm *nvdimm = data;
805 struct nd_region *nd_region;
806 struct nd_label_id label_id;
812 nd_region = to_nd_region(dev);
813 if (nd_region->ndr_mappings == 0)
816 memset(&label_id, 0, sizeof(label_id));
817 strcat(label_id.id, "pmem-reserve");
818 for (i = 0; i < nd_region->ndr_mappings; i++) {
819 struct nd_mapping *nd_mapping = &nd_region->mapping[i];
820 resource_size_t n, rem = 0;
822 if (nd_mapping->nvdimm != nvdimm)
825 n = nd_pmem_available_dpa(nd_region, nd_mapping, &rem);
828 rem = scan_allocate(nd_region, nd_mapping, &label_id, n);
829 dev_WARN_ONCE(&nd_region->dev, rem,
830 "pmem reserve underrun: %#llx of %#llx bytes\n",
831 (unsigned long long) n - rem,
832 (unsigned long long) n);
833 return rem ? -ENXIO : 0;
839 static void release_free_pmem(struct nvdimm_bus *nvdimm_bus,
840 struct nd_mapping *nd_mapping)
842 struct nvdimm_drvdata *ndd = to_ndd(nd_mapping);
843 struct resource *res, *_res;
845 for_each_dpa_resource_safe(ndd, res, _res)
846 if (strcmp(res->name, "pmem-reserve") == 0)
847 nvdimm_free_dpa(ndd, res);
850 static int reserve_free_pmem(struct nvdimm_bus *nvdimm_bus,
851 struct nd_mapping *nd_mapping)
853 struct nvdimm *nvdimm = nd_mapping->nvdimm;
856 rc = device_for_each_child(&nvdimm_bus->dev, nvdimm,
857 __reserve_free_pmem);
859 release_free_pmem(nvdimm_bus, nd_mapping);
864 * grow_dpa_allocation - for each dimm allocate n bytes for @label_id
865 * @nd_region: the set of dimms to allocate @n more bytes from
866 * @label_id: unique identifier for the namespace consuming this dpa range
867 * @n: number of bytes per-dimm to add to the existing allocation
869 * Assumes resources are ordered. For BLK regions, first consume
870 * BLK-only available DPA free space, then consume PMEM-aliased DPA
871 * space starting at the highest DPA. For PMEM regions start
872 * allocations from the start of an interleave set and end at the first
873 * BLK allocation or the end of the interleave set, whichever comes
876 static int grow_dpa_allocation(struct nd_region *nd_region,
877 struct nd_label_id *label_id, resource_size_t n)
879 struct nvdimm_bus *nvdimm_bus = walk_to_nvdimm_bus(&nd_region->dev);
880 bool is_pmem = strncmp(label_id->id, "pmem", 4) == 0;
883 for (i = 0; i < nd_region->ndr_mappings; i++) {
884 struct nd_mapping *nd_mapping = &nd_region->mapping[i];
885 resource_size_t rem = n;
889 * In the BLK case try once with all unallocated PMEM
890 * reserved, and once without
892 for (j = is_pmem; j < 2; j++) {
893 bool blk_only = j == 0;
896 rc = reserve_free_pmem(nvdimm_bus, nd_mapping);
900 rem = scan_allocate(nd_region, nd_mapping,
903 release_free_pmem(nvdimm_bus, nd_mapping);
905 /* try again and allow encroachments into PMEM */
910 dev_WARN_ONCE(&nd_region->dev, rem,
911 "allocation underrun: %#llx of %#llx bytes\n",
912 (unsigned long long) n - rem,
913 (unsigned long long) n);
917 rc = merge_dpa(nd_region, nd_mapping, label_id);
925 static void nd_namespace_pmem_set_resource(struct nd_region *nd_region,
926 struct nd_namespace_pmem *nspm, resource_size_t size)
928 struct resource *res = &nspm->nsio.res;
929 resource_size_t offset = 0;
931 if (size && !nspm->uuid) {
936 if (size && nspm->uuid) {
937 struct nd_mapping *nd_mapping = &nd_region->mapping[0];
938 struct nvdimm_drvdata *ndd = to_ndd(nd_mapping);
939 struct nd_label_id label_id;
940 struct resource *res;
947 nd_label_gen_id(&label_id, nspm->uuid, 0);
949 /* calculate a spa offset from the dpa allocation offset */
950 for_each_dpa_resource(ndd, res)
951 if (strcmp(res->name, label_id.id) == 0) {
952 offset = (res->start - nd_mapping->start)
953 * nd_region->ndr_mappings;
962 res->start = nd_region->ndr_start + offset;
963 res->end = res->start + size - 1;
966 static bool uuid_not_set(const u8 *uuid, struct device *dev, const char *where)
969 dev_dbg(dev, "%s: uuid not set\n", where);
975 static ssize_t __size_store(struct device *dev, unsigned long long val)
977 resource_size_t allocated = 0, available = 0;
978 struct nd_region *nd_region = to_nd_region(dev->parent);
979 struct nd_namespace_common *ndns = to_ndns(dev);
980 struct nd_mapping *nd_mapping;
981 struct nvdimm_drvdata *ndd;
982 struct nd_label_id label_id;
983 u32 flags = 0, remainder;
987 if (dev->driver || ndns->claim)
990 if (is_namespace_pmem(dev)) {
991 struct nd_namespace_pmem *nspm = to_nd_namespace_pmem(dev);
995 } else if (is_namespace_blk(dev)) {
996 struct nd_namespace_blk *nsblk = to_nd_namespace_blk(dev);
999 flags = NSLABEL_FLAG_LOCAL;
1004 * We need a uuid for the allocation-label and dimm(s) on which
1005 * to store the label.
1007 if (uuid_not_set(uuid, dev, __func__))
1009 if (nd_region->ndr_mappings == 0) {
1010 dev_dbg(dev, "%s: not associated with dimm(s)\n", __func__);
1014 div_u64_rem(val, SZ_4K * nd_region->ndr_mappings, &remainder);
1016 dev_dbg(dev, "%llu is not %dK aligned\n", val,
1017 (SZ_4K * nd_region->ndr_mappings) / SZ_1K);
1021 nd_label_gen_id(&label_id, uuid, flags);
1022 for (i = 0; i < nd_region->ndr_mappings; i++) {
1023 nd_mapping = &nd_region->mapping[i];
1024 ndd = to_ndd(nd_mapping);
1027 * All dimms in an interleave set, or the base dimm for a blk
1028 * region, need to be enabled for the size to be changed.
1033 allocated += nvdimm_allocated_dpa(ndd, &label_id);
1035 available = nd_region_available_dpa(nd_region);
1037 if (val > available + allocated)
1040 if (val == allocated)
1043 val = div_u64(val, nd_region->ndr_mappings);
1044 allocated = div_u64(allocated, nd_region->ndr_mappings);
1045 if (val < allocated)
1046 rc = shrink_dpa_allocation(nd_region, &label_id,
1049 rc = grow_dpa_allocation(nd_region, &label_id, val - allocated);
1054 if (is_namespace_pmem(dev)) {
1055 struct nd_namespace_pmem *nspm = to_nd_namespace_pmem(dev);
1057 nd_namespace_pmem_set_resource(nd_region, nspm,
1058 val * nd_region->ndr_mappings);
1062 * Try to delete the namespace if we deleted all of its
1063 * allocation, this is not the seed or 0th device for the
1064 * region, and it is not actively claimed by a btt, pfn, or dax
1067 if (val == 0 && id != 0 && nd_region->ns_seed != dev && !ndns->claim)
1068 nd_device_unregister(dev, ND_ASYNC);
1073 static ssize_t size_store(struct device *dev,
1074 struct device_attribute *attr, const char *buf, size_t len)
1076 struct nd_region *nd_region = to_nd_region(dev->parent);
1077 unsigned long long val;
1081 rc = kstrtoull(buf, 0, &val);
1086 nvdimm_bus_lock(dev);
1087 wait_nvdimm_bus_probe_idle(dev);
1088 rc = __size_store(dev, val);
1090 rc = nd_namespace_label_update(nd_region, dev);
1092 if (is_namespace_pmem(dev)) {
1093 struct nd_namespace_pmem *nspm = to_nd_namespace_pmem(dev);
1096 } else if (is_namespace_blk(dev)) {
1097 struct nd_namespace_blk *nsblk = to_nd_namespace_blk(dev);
1099 uuid = &nsblk->uuid;
1102 if (rc == 0 && val == 0 && uuid) {
1103 /* setting size zero == 'delete namespace' */
1108 dev_dbg(dev, "%s: %llx %s (%d)\n", __func__, val, rc < 0
1109 ? "fail" : "success", rc);
1111 nvdimm_bus_unlock(dev);
1114 return rc < 0 ? rc : len;
1117 resource_size_t __nvdimm_namespace_capacity(struct nd_namespace_common *ndns)
1119 struct device *dev = &ndns->dev;
1121 if (is_namespace_pmem(dev)) {
1122 struct nd_namespace_pmem *nspm = to_nd_namespace_pmem(dev);
1124 return resource_size(&nspm->nsio.res);
1125 } else if (is_namespace_blk(dev)) {
1126 return nd_namespace_blk_size(to_nd_namespace_blk(dev));
1127 } else if (is_namespace_io(dev)) {
1128 struct nd_namespace_io *nsio = to_nd_namespace_io(dev);
1130 return resource_size(&nsio->res);
1132 WARN_ONCE(1, "unknown namespace type\n");
1136 resource_size_t nvdimm_namespace_capacity(struct nd_namespace_common *ndns)
1138 resource_size_t size;
1140 nvdimm_bus_lock(&ndns->dev);
1141 size = __nvdimm_namespace_capacity(ndns);
1142 nvdimm_bus_unlock(&ndns->dev);
1146 EXPORT_SYMBOL(nvdimm_namespace_capacity);
1148 static ssize_t size_show(struct device *dev,
1149 struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
1151 return sprintf(buf, "%llu\n", (unsigned long long)
1152 nvdimm_namespace_capacity(to_ndns(dev)));
1154 static DEVICE_ATTR(size, 0444, size_show, size_store);
1156 static u8 *namespace_to_uuid(struct device *dev)
1158 if (is_namespace_pmem(dev)) {
1159 struct nd_namespace_pmem *nspm = to_nd_namespace_pmem(dev);
1162 } else if (is_namespace_blk(dev)) {
1163 struct nd_namespace_blk *nsblk = to_nd_namespace_blk(dev);
1167 return ERR_PTR(-ENXIO);
1170 static ssize_t uuid_show(struct device *dev,
1171 struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
1173 u8 *uuid = namespace_to_uuid(dev);
1176 return PTR_ERR(uuid);
1178 return sprintf(buf, "%pUb\n", uuid);
1179 return sprintf(buf, "\n");
1183 * namespace_update_uuid - check for a unique uuid and whether we're "renaming"
1184 * @nd_region: parent region so we can updates all dimms in the set
1185 * @dev: namespace type for generating label_id
1186 * @new_uuid: incoming uuid
1187 * @old_uuid: reference to the uuid storage location in the namespace object
1189 static int namespace_update_uuid(struct nd_region *nd_region,
1190 struct device *dev, u8 *new_uuid, u8 **old_uuid)
1192 u32 flags = is_namespace_blk(dev) ? NSLABEL_FLAG_LOCAL : 0;
1193 struct nd_label_id old_label_id;
1194 struct nd_label_id new_label_id;
1197 if (!nd_is_uuid_unique(dev, new_uuid))
1200 if (*old_uuid == NULL)
1204 * If we've already written a label with this uuid, then it's
1205 * too late to rename because we can't reliably update the uuid
1206 * without losing the old namespace. Userspace must delete this
1207 * namespace to abandon the old uuid.
1209 for (i = 0; i < nd_region->ndr_mappings; i++) {
1210 struct nd_mapping *nd_mapping = &nd_region->mapping[i];
1213 * This check by itself is sufficient because old_uuid
1214 * would be NULL above if this uuid did not exist in the
1215 * currently written set.
1217 * FIXME: can we delete uuid with zero dpa allocated?
1219 if (list_empty(&nd_mapping->labels))
1223 nd_label_gen_id(&old_label_id, *old_uuid, flags);
1224 nd_label_gen_id(&new_label_id, new_uuid, flags);
1225 for (i = 0; i < nd_region->ndr_mappings; i++) {
1226 struct nd_mapping *nd_mapping = &nd_region->mapping[i];
1227 struct nvdimm_drvdata *ndd = to_ndd(nd_mapping);
1228 struct resource *res;
1230 for_each_dpa_resource(ndd, res)
1231 if (strcmp(res->name, old_label_id.id) == 0)
1232 sprintf((void *) res->name, "%s",
1237 *old_uuid = new_uuid;
1241 static ssize_t uuid_store(struct device *dev,
1242 struct device_attribute *attr, const char *buf, size_t len)
1244 struct nd_region *nd_region = to_nd_region(dev->parent);
1249 if (is_namespace_pmem(dev)) {
1250 struct nd_namespace_pmem *nspm = to_nd_namespace_pmem(dev);
1252 ns_uuid = &nspm->uuid;
1253 } else if (is_namespace_blk(dev)) {
1254 struct nd_namespace_blk *nsblk = to_nd_namespace_blk(dev);
1256 ns_uuid = &nsblk->uuid;
1261 nvdimm_bus_lock(dev);
1262 wait_nvdimm_bus_probe_idle(dev);
1263 if (to_ndns(dev)->claim)
1266 rc = nd_uuid_store(dev, &uuid, buf, len);
1268 rc = namespace_update_uuid(nd_region, dev, uuid, ns_uuid);
1270 rc = nd_namespace_label_update(nd_region, dev);
1273 dev_dbg(dev, "%s: result: %zd wrote: %s%s", __func__,
1274 rc, buf, buf[len - 1] == '\n' ? "" : "\n");
1275 nvdimm_bus_unlock(dev);
1278 return rc < 0 ? rc : len;
1280 static DEVICE_ATTR_RW(uuid);
1282 static ssize_t resource_show(struct device *dev,
1283 struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
1285 struct resource *res;
1287 if (is_namespace_pmem(dev)) {
1288 struct nd_namespace_pmem *nspm = to_nd_namespace_pmem(dev);
1290 res = &nspm->nsio.res;
1291 } else if (is_namespace_io(dev)) {
1292 struct nd_namespace_io *nsio = to_nd_namespace_io(dev);
1298 /* no address to convey if the namespace has no allocation */
1299 if (resource_size(res) == 0)
1301 return sprintf(buf, "%#llx\n", (unsigned long long) res->start);
1303 static DEVICE_ATTR_RO(resource);
1305 static const unsigned long blk_lbasize_supported[] = { 512, 520, 528,
1306 4096, 4104, 4160, 4224, 0 };
1308 static const unsigned long pmem_lbasize_supported[] = { 512, 4096, 0 };
1310 static ssize_t sector_size_show(struct device *dev,
1311 struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
1313 if (is_namespace_blk(dev)) {
1314 struct nd_namespace_blk *nsblk = to_nd_namespace_blk(dev);
1316 return nd_sector_size_show(nsblk->lbasize,
1317 blk_lbasize_supported, buf);
1320 if (is_namespace_pmem(dev)) {
1321 struct nd_namespace_pmem *nspm = to_nd_namespace_pmem(dev);
1323 return nd_sector_size_show(nspm->lbasize,
1324 pmem_lbasize_supported, buf);
1329 static ssize_t sector_size_store(struct device *dev,
1330 struct device_attribute *attr, const char *buf, size_t len)
1332 struct nd_region *nd_region = to_nd_region(dev->parent);
1333 const unsigned long *supported;
1334 unsigned long *lbasize;
1337 if (is_namespace_blk(dev)) {
1338 struct nd_namespace_blk *nsblk = to_nd_namespace_blk(dev);
1340 lbasize = &nsblk->lbasize;
1341 supported = blk_lbasize_supported;
1342 } else if (is_namespace_pmem(dev)) {
1343 struct nd_namespace_pmem *nspm = to_nd_namespace_pmem(dev);
1345 lbasize = &nspm->lbasize;
1346 supported = pmem_lbasize_supported;
1351 nvdimm_bus_lock(dev);
1352 if (to_ndns(dev)->claim)
1355 rc = nd_sector_size_store(dev, buf, lbasize, supported);
1357 rc = nd_namespace_label_update(nd_region, dev);
1358 dev_dbg(dev, "%s: result: %zd %s: %s%s", __func__,
1359 rc, rc < 0 ? "tried" : "wrote", buf,
1360 buf[len - 1] == '\n' ? "" : "\n");
1361 nvdimm_bus_unlock(dev);
1364 return rc ? rc : len;
1366 static DEVICE_ATTR_RW(sector_size);
1368 static ssize_t dpa_extents_show(struct device *dev,
1369 struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
1371 struct nd_region *nd_region = to_nd_region(dev->parent);
1372 struct nd_label_id label_id;
1377 nvdimm_bus_lock(dev);
1378 if (is_namespace_pmem(dev)) {
1379 struct nd_namespace_pmem *nspm = to_nd_namespace_pmem(dev);
1383 } else if (is_namespace_blk(dev)) {
1384 struct nd_namespace_blk *nsblk = to_nd_namespace_blk(dev);
1387 flags = NSLABEL_FLAG_LOCAL;
1393 nd_label_gen_id(&label_id, uuid, flags);
1394 for (i = 0; i < nd_region->ndr_mappings; i++) {
1395 struct nd_mapping *nd_mapping = &nd_region->mapping[i];
1396 struct nvdimm_drvdata *ndd = to_ndd(nd_mapping);
1397 struct resource *res;
1399 for_each_dpa_resource(ndd, res)
1400 if (strcmp(res->name, label_id.id) == 0)
1404 nvdimm_bus_unlock(dev);
1406 return sprintf(buf, "%d\n", count);
1408 static DEVICE_ATTR_RO(dpa_extents);
1410 static int btt_claim_class(struct device *dev)
1412 struct nd_region *nd_region = to_nd_region(dev->parent);
1413 int i, loop_bitmask = 0;
1415 for (i = 0; i < nd_region->ndr_mappings; i++) {
1416 struct nd_mapping *nd_mapping = &nd_region->mapping[i];
1417 struct nvdimm_drvdata *ndd = to_ndd(nd_mapping);
1418 struct nd_namespace_index *nsindex;
1420 nsindex = to_namespace_index(ndd, ndd->ns_current);
1421 if (nsindex == NULL)
1424 /* check whether existing labels are v1.1 or v1.2 */
1425 if (__le16_to_cpu(nsindex->major) == 1
1426 && __le16_to_cpu(nsindex->minor) == 1)
1433 * If nsindex is null loop_bitmask's bit 0 will be set, and if an index
1434 * block is found, a v1.1 label for any mapping will set bit 1, and a
1435 * v1.2 label will set bit 2.
1437 * At the end of the loop, at most one of the three bits must be set.
1438 * If multiple bits were set, it means the different mappings disagree
1439 * about their labels, and this must be cleaned up first.
1441 * If all the label index blocks are found to agree, nsindex of NULL
1442 * implies labels haven't been initialized yet, and when they will,
1443 * they will be of the 1.2 format, so we can assume BTT2.0
1445 * If 1.1 labels are found, we enforce BTT1.1, and if 1.2 labels are
1446 * found, we enforce BTT2.0
1448 * If the loop was never entered, default to BTT1.1 (legacy namespaces)
1450 switch (loop_bitmask) {
1453 return NVDIMM_CCLASS_BTT;
1456 return NVDIMM_CCLASS_BTT2;
1462 static ssize_t holder_show(struct device *dev,
1463 struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
1465 struct nd_namespace_common *ndns = to_ndns(dev);
1469 rc = sprintf(buf, "%s\n", ndns->claim ? dev_name(ndns->claim) : "");
1474 static DEVICE_ATTR_RO(holder);
1476 static ssize_t __holder_class_store(struct device *dev, const char *buf)
1478 struct nd_namespace_common *ndns = to_ndns(dev);
1480 if (dev->driver || ndns->claim)
1483 if (strcmp(buf, "btt") == 0 || strcmp(buf, "btt\n") == 0)
1484 ndns->claim_class = btt_claim_class(dev);
1485 else if (strcmp(buf, "pfn") == 0 || strcmp(buf, "pfn\n") == 0)
1486 ndns->claim_class = NVDIMM_CCLASS_PFN;
1487 else if (strcmp(buf, "dax") == 0 || strcmp(buf, "dax\n") == 0)
1488 ndns->claim_class = NVDIMM_CCLASS_DAX;
1489 else if (strcmp(buf, "") == 0 || strcmp(buf, "\n") == 0)
1490 ndns->claim_class = NVDIMM_CCLASS_NONE;
1494 /* btt_claim_class() could've returned an error */
1495 if (ndns->claim_class < 0)
1496 return ndns->claim_class;
1501 static ssize_t holder_class_store(struct device *dev,
1502 struct device_attribute *attr, const char *buf, size_t len)
1504 struct nd_region *nd_region = to_nd_region(dev->parent);
1508 nvdimm_bus_lock(dev);
1509 wait_nvdimm_bus_probe_idle(dev);
1510 rc = __holder_class_store(dev, buf);
1512 rc = nd_namespace_label_update(nd_region, dev);
1513 dev_dbg(dev, "%s: %s(%zd)\n", __func__, rc < 0 ? "fail " : "", rc);
1514 nvdimm_bus_unlock(dev);
1517 return rc < 0 ? rc : len;
1520 static ssize_t holder_class_show(struct device *dev,
1521 struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
1523 struct nd_namespace_common *ndns = to_ndns(dev);
1527 if (ndns->claim_class == NVDIMM_CCLASS_NONE)
1528 rc = sprintf(buf, "\n");
1529 else if ((ndns->claim_class == NVDIMM_CCLASS_BTT) ||
1530 (ndns->claim_class == NVDIMM_CCLASS_BTT2))
1531 rc = sprintf(buf, "btt\n");
1532 else if (ndns->claim_class == NVDIMM_CCLASS_PFN)
1533 rc = sprintf(buf, "pfn\n");
1534 else if (ndns->claim_class == NVDIMM_CCLASS_DAX)
1535 rc = sprintf(buf, "dax\n");
1537 rc = sprintf(buf, "<unknown>\n");
1542 static DEVICE_ATTR_RW(holder_class);
1544 static ssize_t mode_show(struct device *dev,
1545 struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
1547 struct nd_namespace_common *ndns = to_ndns(dev);
1548 struct device *claim;
1553 claim = ndns->claim;
1554 if (claim && is_nd_btt(claim))
1556 else if (claim && is_nd_pfn(claim))
1558 else if (claim && is_nd_dax(claim))
1560 else if (!claim && pmem_should_map_pages(dev))
1564 rc = sprintf(buf, "%s\n", mode);
1569 static DEVICE_ATTR_RO(mode);
1571 static ssize_t force_raw_store(struct device *dev,
1572 struct device_attribute *attr, const char *buf, size_t len)
1575 int rc = strtobool(buf, &force_raw);
1580 to_ndns(dev)->force_raw = force_raw;
1584 static ssize_t force_raw_show(struct device *dev,
1585 struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
1587 return sprintf(buf, "%d\n", to_ndns(dev)->force_raw);
1589 static DEVICE_ATTR_RW(force_raw);
1591 static struct attribute *nd_namespace_attributes[] = {
1592 &dev_attr_nstype.attr,
1593 &dev_attr_size.attr,
1594 &dev_attr_mode.attr,
1595 &dev_attr_uuid.attr,
1596 &dev_attr_holder.attr,
1597 &dev_attr_resource.attr,
1598 &dev_attr_alt_name.attr,
1599 &dev_attr_force_raw.attr,
1600 &dev_attr_sector_size.attr,
1601 &dev_attr_dpa_extents.attr,
1602 &dev_attr_holder_class.attr,
1606 static umode_t namespace_visible(struct kobject *kobj,
1607 struct attribute *a, int n)
1609 struct device *dev = container_of(kobj, struct device, kobj);
1611 if (a == &dev_attr_resource.attr) {
1612 if (is_namespace_blk(dev))
1617 if (is_namespace_pmem(dev) || is_namespace_blk(dev)) {
1618 if (a == &dev_attr_size.attr)
1624 if (a == &dev_attr_nstype.attr || a == &dev_attr_size.attr
1625 || a == &dev_attr_holder.attr
1626 || a == &dev_attr_holder_class.attr
1627 || a == &dev_attr_force_raw.attr
1628 || a == &dev_attr_mode.attr)
1634 static struct attribute_group nd_namespace_attribute_group = {
1635 .attrs = nd_namespace_attributes,
1636 .is_visible = namespace_visible,
1639 static const struct attribute_group *nd_namespace_attribute_groups[] = {
1640 &nd_device_attribute_group,
1641 &nd_namespace_attribute_group,
1642 &nd_numa_attribute_group,
1646 struct nd_namespace_common *nvdimm_namespace_common_probe(struct device *dev)
1648 struct nd_btt *nd_btt = is_nd_btt(dev) ? to_nd_btt(dev) : NULL;
1649 struct nd_pfn *nd_pfn = is_nd_pfn(dev) ? to_nd_pfn(dev) : NULL;
1650 struct nd_dax *nd_dax = is_nd_dax(dev) ? to_nd_dax(dev) : NULL;
1651 struct nd_namespace_common *ndns = NULL;
1652 resource_size_t size;
1654 if (nd_btt || nd_pfn || nd_dax) {
1656 ndns = nd_btt->ndns;
1658 ndns = nd_pfn->ndns;
1660 ndns = nd_dax->nd_pfn.ndns;
1663 return ERR_PTR(-ENODEV);
1666 * Flush any in-progess probes / removals in the driver
1667 * for the raw personality of this namespace.
1669 device_lock(&ndns->dev);
1670 device_unlock(&ndns->dev);
1671 if (ndns->dev.driver) {
1672 dev_dbg(&ndns->dev, "is active, can't bind %s\n",
1674 return ERR_PTR(-EBUSY);
1676 if (dev_WARN_ONCE(&ndns->dev, ndns->claim != dev,
1677 "host (%s) vs claim (%s) mismatch\n",
1679 dev_name(ndns->claim)))
1680 return ERR_PTR(-ENXIO);
1682 ndns = to_ndns(dev);
1684 dev_dbg(dev, "claimed by %s, failing probe\n",
1685 dev_name(ndns->claim));
1687 return ERR_PTR(-ENXIO);
1691 size = nvdimm_namespace_capacity(ndns);
1692 if (size < ND_MIN_NAMESPACE_SIZE) {
1693 dev_dbg(&ndns->dev, "%pa, too small must be at least %#x\n",
1694 &size, ND_MIN_NAMESPACE_SIZE);
1695 return ERR_PTR(-ENODEV);
1698 if (is_namespace_pmem(&ndns->dev)) {
1699 struct nd_namespace_pmem *nspm;
1701 nspm = to_nd_namespace_pmem(&ndns->dev);
1702 if (uuid_not_set(nspm->uuid, &ndns->dev, __func__))
1703 return ERR_PTR(-ENODEV);
1704 } else if (is_namespace_blk(&ndns->dev)) {
1705 struct nd_namespace_blk *nsblk;
1707 nsblk = to_nd_namespace_blk(&ndns->dev);
1708 if (uuid_not_set(nsblk->uuid, &ndns->dev, __func__))
1709 return ERR_PTR(-ENODEV);
1710 if (!nsblk->lbasize) {
1711 dev_dbg(&ndns->dev, "%s: sector size not set\n",
1713 return ERR_PTR(-ENODEV);
1715 if (!nd_namespace_blk_validate(nsblk))
1716 return ERR_PTR(-ENODEV);
1721 EXPORT_SYMBOL(nvdimm_namespace_common_probe);
1723 static struct device **create_namespace_io(struct nd_region *nd_region)
1725 struct nd_namespace_io *nsio;
1726 struct device *dev, **devs;
1727 struct resource *res;
1729 nsio = kzalloc(sizeof(*nsio), GFP_KERNEL);
1733 devs = kcalloc(2, sizeof(struct device *), GFP_KERNEL);
1739 dev = &nsio->common.dev;
1740 dev->type = &namespace_io_device_type;
1741 dev->parent = &nd_region->dev;
1743 res->name = dev_name(&nd_region->dev);
1744 res->flags = IORESOURCE_MEM;
1745 res->start = nd_region->ndr_start;
1746 res->end = res->start + nd_region->ndr_size - 1;
1752 static bool has_uuid_at_pos(struct nd_region *nd_region, u8 *uuid,
1753 u64 cookie, u16 pos)
1755 struct nd_namespace_label *found = NULL;
1758 for (i = 0; i < nd_region->ndr_mappings; i++) {
1759 struct nd_mapping *nd_mapping = &nd_region->mapping[i];
1760 struct nd_interleave_set *nd_set = nd_region->nd_set;
1761 struct nvdimm_drvdata *ndd = to_ndd(nd_mapping);
1762 struct nd_label_ent *label_ent;
1763 bool found_uuid = false;
1765 list_for_each_entry(label_ent, &nd_mapping->labels, list) {
1766 struct nd_namespace_label *nd_label = label_ent->label;
1767 u16 position, nlabel;
1772 isetcookie = __le64_to_cpu(nd_label->isetcookie);
1773 position = __le16_to_cpu(nd_label->position);
1774 nlabel = __le16_to_cpu(nd_label->nlabel);
1776 if (isetcookie != cookie)
1779 if (memcmp(nd_label->uuid, uuid, NSLABEL_UUID_LEN) != 0)
1782 if (namespace_label_has(ndd, type_guid)
1783 && !guid_equal(&nd_set->type_guid,
1784 &nd_label->type_guid)) {
1785 dev_dbg(ndd->dev, "expect type_guid %pUb got %pUb\n",
1786 nd_set->type_guid.b,
1787 nd_label->type_guid.b);
1793 "%s duplicate entry for uuid\n",
1798 if (nlabel != nd_region->ndr_mappings)
1800 if (position != pos)
1808 return found != NULL;
1811 static int select_pmem_id(struct nd_region *nd_region, u8 *pmem_id)
1818 for (i = 0; i < nd_region->ndr_mappings; i++) {
1819 struct nd_mapping *nd_mapping = &nd_region->mapping[i];
1820 struct nvdimm_drvdata *ndd = to_ndd(nd_mapping);
1821 struct nd_namespace_label *nd_label = NULL;
1822 u64 hw_start, hw_end, pmem_start, pmem_end;
1823 struct nd_label_ent *label_ent;
1825 lockdep_assert_held(&nd_mapping->lock);
1826 list_for_each_entry(label_ent, &nd_mapping->labels, list) {
1827 nd_label = label_ent->label;
1830 if (memcmp(nd_label->uuid, pmem_id, NSLABEL_UUID_LEN) == 0)
1841 * Check that this label is compliant with the dpa
1842 * range published in NFIT
1844 hw_start = nd_mapping->start;
1845 hw_end = hw_start + nd_mapping->size;
1846 pmem_start = __le64_to_cpu(nd_label->dpa);
1847 pmem_end = pmem_start + __le64_to_cpu(nd_label->rawsize);
1848 if (pmem_start >= hw_start && pmem_start < hw_end
1849 && pmem_end <= hw_end && pmem_end > hw_start)
1852 dev_dbg(&nd_region->dev, "%s invalid label for %pUb\n",
1853 dev_name(ndd->dev), nd_label->uuid);
1857 /* move recently validated label to the front of the list */
1858 list_move(&label_ent->list, &nd_mapping->labels);
1864 * create_namespace_pmem - validate interleave set labelling, retrieve label0
1865 * @nd_region: region with mappings to validate
1866 * @nspm: target namespace to create
1867 * @nd_label: target pmem namespace label to evaluate
1869 struct device *create_namespace_pmem(struct nd_region *nd_region,
1870 struct nd_namespace_index *nsindex,
1871 struct nd_namespace_label *nd_label)
1873 u64 cookie = nd_region_interleave_set_cookie(nd_region, nsindex);
1874 u64 altcookie = nd_region_interleave_set_altcookie(nd_region);
1875 struct nd_label_ent *label_ent;
1876 struct nd_namespace_pmem *nspm;
1877 struct nd_mapping *nd_mapping;
1878 resource_size_t size = 0;
1879 struct resource *res;
1885 dev_dbg(&nd_region->dev, "invalid interleave-set-cookie\n");
1886 return ERR_PTR(-ENXIO);
1889 if (__le64_to_cpu(nd_label->isetcookie) != cookie) {
1890 dev_dbg(&nd_region->dev, "invalid cookie in label: %pUb\n",
1892 if (__le64_to_cpu(nd_label->isetcookie) != altcookie)
1893 return ERR_PTR(-EAGAIN);
1895 dev_dbg(&nd_region->dev, "valid altcookie in label: %pUb\n",
1899 nspm = kzalloc(sizeof(*nspm), GFP_KERNEL);
1901 return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
1904 dev = &nspm->nsio.common.dev;
1905 dev->type = &namespace_pmem_device_type;
1906 dev->parent = &nd_region->dev;
1907 res = &nspm->nsio.res;
1908 res->name = dev_name(&nd_region->dev);
1909 res->flags = IORESOURCE_MEM;
1911 for (i = 0; i < nd_region->ndr_mappings; i++) {
1912 if (has_uuid_at_pos(nd_region, nd_label->uuid, cookie, i))
1914 if (has_uuid_at_pos(nd_region, nd_label->uuid, altcookie, i))
1919 if (i < nd_region->ndr_mappings) {
1920 struct nvdimm_drvdata *ndd = to_ndd(&nd_region->mapping[i]);
1923 * Give up if we don't find an instance of a uuid at each
1924 * position (from 0 to nd_region->ndr_mappings - 1), or if we
1925 * find a dimm with two instances of the same uuid.
1927 dev_err(&nd_region->dev, "%s missing label for %pUb\n",
1928 dev_name(ndd->dev), nd_label->uuid);
1934 * Fix up each mapping's 'labels' to have the validated pmem label for
1935 * that position at labels[0], and NULL at labels[1]. In the process,
1936 * check that the namespace aligns with interleave-set. We know
1937 * that it does not overlap with any blk namespaces by virtue of
1938 * the dimm being enabled (i.e. nd_label_reserve_dpa()
1941 rc = select_pmem_id(nd_region, nd_label->uuid);
1945 /* Calculate total size and populate namespace properties from label0 */
1946 for (i = 0; i < nd_region->ndr_mappings; i++) {
1947 struct nd_namespace_label *label0;
1948 struct nvdimm_drvdata *ndd;
1950 nd_mapping = &nd_region->mapping[i];
1951 label_ent = list_first_entry_or_null(&nd_mapping->labels,
1952 typeof(*label_ent), list);
1953 label0 = label_ent ? label_ent->label : 0;
1960 size += __le64_to_cpu(label0->rawsize);
1961 if (__le16_to_cpu(label0->position) != 0)
1963 WARN_ON(nspm->alt_name || nspm->uuid);
1964 nspm->alt_name = kmemdup((void __force *) label0->name,
1965 NSLABEL_NAME_LEN, GFP_KERNEL);
1966 nspm->uuid = kmemdup((void __force *) label0->uuid,
1967 NSLABEL_UUID_LEN, GFP_KERNEL);
1968 nspm->lbasize = __le64_to_cpu(label0->lbasize);
1969 ndd = to_ndd(nd_mapping);
1970 if (namespace_label_has(ndd, abstraction_guid))
1971 nspm->nsio.common.claim_class
1972 = to_nvdimm_cclass(&label0->abstraction_guid);
1976 if (!nspm->alt_name || !nspm->uuid) {
1981 nd_namespace_pmem_set_resource(nd_region, nspm, size);
1985 namespace_pmem_release(dev);
1988 dev_dbg(&nd_region->dev, "%s: invalid label(s)\n", __func__);
1991 dev_dbg(&nd_region->dev, "%s: label not found\n", __func__);
1994 dev_dbg(&nd_region->dev, "%s: unexpected err: %d\n",
2001 struct resource *nsblk_add_resource(struct nd_region *nd_region,
2002 struct nvdimm_drvdata *ndd, struct nd_namespace_blk *nsblk,
2003 resource_size_t start)
2005 struct nd_label_id label_id;
2006 struct resource *res;
2008 nd_label_gen_id(&label_id, nsblk->uuid, NSLABEL_FLAG_LOCAL);
2009 res = krealloc(nsblk->res,
2010 sizeof(void *) * (nsblk->num_resources + 1),
2014 nsblk->res = (struct resource **) res;
2015 for_each_dpa_resource(ndd, res)
2016 if (strcmp(res->name, label_id.id) == 0
2017 && res->start == start) {
2018 nsblk->res[nsblk->num_resources++] = res;
2024 static struct device *nd_namespace_blk_create(struct nd_region *nd_region)
2026 struct nd_namespace_blk *nsblk;
2029 if (!is_nd_blk(&nd_region->dev))
2032 nsblk = kzalloc(sizeof(*nsblk), GFP_KERNEL);
2036 dev = &nsblk->common.dev;
2037 dev->type = &namespace_blk_device_type;
2038 nsblk->id = ida_simple_get(&nd_region->ns_ida, 0, 0, GFP_KERNEL);
2039 if (nsblk->id < 0) {
2043 dev_set_name(dev, "namespace%d.%d", nd_region->id, nsblk->id);
2044 dev->parent = &nd_region->dev;
2045 dev->groups = nd_namespace_attribute_groups;
2047 return &nsblk->common.dev;
2050 static struct device *nd_namespace_pmem_create(struct nd_region *nd_region)
2052 struct nd_namespace_pmem *nspm;
2053 struct resource *res;
2056 if (!is_memory(&nd_region->dev))
2059 nspm = kzalloc(sizeof(*nspm), GFP_KERNEL);
2063 dev = &nspm->nsio.common.dev;
2064 dev->type = &namespace_pmem_device_type;
2065 dev->parent = &nd_region->dev;
2066 res = &nspm->nsio.res;
2067 res->name = dev_name(&nd_region->dev);
2068 res->flags = IORESOURCE_MEM;
2070 nspm->id = ida_simple_get(&nd_region->ns_ida, 0, 0, GFP_KERNEL);
2075 dev_set_name(dev, "namespace%d.%d", nd_region->id, nspm->id);
2076 dev->parent = &nd_region->dev;
2077 dev->groups = nd_namespace_attribute_groups;
2078 nd_namespace_pmem_set_resource(nd_region, nspm, 0);
2083 void nd_region_create_ns_seed(struct nd_region *nd_region)
2085 WARN_ON(!is_nvdimm_bus_locked(&nd_region->dev));
2087 if (nd_region_to_nstype(nd_region) == ND_DEVICE_NAMESPACE_IO)
2090 if (is_nd_blk(&nd_region->dev))
2091 nd_region->ns_seed = nd_namespace_blk_create(nd_region);
2093 nd_region->ns_seed = nd_namespace_pmem_create(nd_region);
2096 * Seed creation failures are not fatal, provisioning is simply
2097 * disabled until memory becomes available
2099 if (!nd_region->ns_seed)
2100 dev_err(&nd_region->dev, "failed to create %s namespace\n",
2101 is_nd_blk(&nd_region->dev) ? "blk" : "pmem");
2103 nd_device_register(nd_region->ns_seed);
2106 void nd_region_create_dax_seed(struct nd_region *nd_region)
2108 WARN_ON(!is_nvdimm_bus_locked(&nd_region->dev));
2109 nd_region->dax_seed = nd_dax_create(nd_region);
2111 * Seed creation failures are not fatal, provisioning is simply
2112 * disabled until memory becomes available
2114 if (!nd_region->dax_seed)
2115 dev_err(&nd_region->dev, "failed to create dax namespace\n");
2118 void nd_region_create_pfn_seed(struct nd_region *nd_region)
2120 WARN_ON(!is_nvdimm_bus_locked(&nd_region->dev));
2121 nd_region->pfn_seed = nd_pfn_create(nd_region);
2123 * Seed creation failures are not fatal, provisioning is simply
2124 * disabled until memory becomes available
2126 if (!nd_region->pfn_seed)
2127 dev_err(&nd_region->dev, "failed to create pfn namespace\n");
2130 void nd_region_create_btt_seed(struct nd_region *nd_region)
2132 WARN_ON(!is_nvdimm_bus_locked(&nd_region->dev));
2133 nd_region->btt_seed = nd_btt_create(nd_region);
2135 * Seed creation failures are not fatal, provisioning is simply
2136 * disabled until memory becomes available
2138 if (!nd_region->btt_seed)
2139 dev_err(&nd_region->dev, "failed to create btt namespace\n");
2142 static int add_namespace_resource(struct nd_region *nd_region,
2143 struct nd_namespace_label *nd_label, struct device **devs,
2146 struct nd_mapping *nd_mapping = &nd_region->mapping[0];
2147 struct nvdimm_drvdata *ndd = to_ndd(nd_mapping);
2150 for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
2151 u8 *uuid = namespace_to_uuid(devs[i]);
2152 struct resource *res;
2154 if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(uuid)) {
2159 if (memcmp(uuid, nd_label->uuid, NSLABEL_UUID_LEN) != 0)
2161 if (is_namespace_blk(devs[i])) {
2162 res = nsblk_add_resource(nd_region, ndd,
2163 to_nd_namespace_blk(devs[i]),
2164 __le64_to_cpu(nd_label->dpa));
2167 nd_dbg_dpa(nd_region, ndd, res, "%d assign\n", count);
2169 dev_err(&nd_region->dev,
2170 "error: conflicting extents for uuid: %pUb\n",
2180 struct device *create_namespace_blk(struct nd_region *nd_region,
2181 struct nd_namespace_label *nd_label, int count)
2184 struct nd_mapping *nd_mapping = &nd_region->mapping[0];
2185 struct nd_interleave_set *nd_set = nd_region->nd_set;
2186 struct nvdimm_drvdata *ndd = to_ndd(nd_mapping);
2187 struct nd_namespace_blk *nsblk;
2188 char name[NSLABEL_NAME_LEN];
2189 struct device *dev = NULL;
2190 struct resource *res;
2192 if (namespace_label_has(ndd, type_guid)) {
2193 if (!guid_equal(&nd_set->type_guid, &nd_label->type_guid)) {
2194 dev_dbg(ndd->dev, "expect type_guid %pUb got %pUb\n",
2195 nd_set->type_guid.b,
2196 nd_label->type_guid.b);
2197 return ERR_PTR(-EAGAIN);
2200 if (nd_label->isetcookie != __cpu_to_le64(nd_set->cookie2)) {
2201 dev_dbg(ndd->dev, "expect cookie %#llx got %#llx\n",
2203 __le64_to_cpu(nd_label->isetcookie));
2204 return ERR_PTR(-EAGAIN);
2208 nsblk = kzalloc(sizeof(*nsblk), GFP_KERNEL);
2210 return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
2211 dev = &nsblk->common.dev;
2212 dev->type = &namespace_blk_device_type;
2213 dev->parent = &nd_region->dev;
2215 nsblk->lbasize = __le64_to_cpu(nd_label->lbasize);
2216 nsblk->uuid = kmemdup(nd_label->uuid, NSLABEL_UUID_LEN,
2218 if (namespace_label_has(ndd, abstraction_guid))
2219 nsblk->common.claim_class
2220 = to_nvdimm_cclass(&nd_label->abstraction_guid);
2223 memcpy(name, nd_label->name, NSLABEL_NAME_LEN);
2225 nsblk->alt_name = kmemdup(name, NSLABEL_NAME_LEN,
2227 res = nsblk_add_resource(nd_region, ndd, nsblk,
2228 __le64_to_cpu(nd_label->dpa));
2231 nd_dbg_dpa(nd_region, ndd, res, "%d: assign\n", count);
2234 namespace_blk_release(dev);
2235 return ERR_PTR(-ENXIO);
2238 static int cmp_dpa(const void *a, const void *b)
2240 const struct device *dev_a = *(const struct device **) a;
2241 const struct device *dev_b = *(const struct device **) b;
2242 struct nd_namespace_blk *nsblk_a, *nsblk_b;
2243 struct nd_namespace_pmem *nspm_a, *nspm_b;
2245 if (is_namespace_io(dev_a))
2248 if (is_namespace_blk(dev_a)) {
2249 nsblk_a = to_nd_namespace_blk(dev_a);
2250 nsblk_b = to_nd_namespace_blk(dev_b);
2252 return memcmp(&nsblk_a->res[0]->start, &nsblk_b->res[0]->start,
2253 sizeof(resource_size_t));
2256 nspm_a = to_nd_namespace_pmem(dev_a);
2257 nspm_b = to_nd_namespace_pmem(dev_b);
2259 return memcmp(&nspm_a->nsio.res.start, &nspm_b->nsio.res.start,
2260 sizeof(resource_size_t));
2263 static struct device **scan_labels(struct nd_region *nd_region)
2266 struct device *dev, **devs = NULL;
2267 struct nd_label_ent *label_ent, *e;
2268 struct nd_mapping *nd_mapping = &nd_region->mapping[0];
2269 resource_size_t map_end = nd_mapping->start + nd_mapping->size - 1;
2271 /* "safe" because create_namespace_pmem() might list_move() label_ent */
2272 list_for_each_entry_safe(label_ent, e, &nd_mapping->labels, list) {
2273 struct nd_namespace_label *nd_label = label_ent->label;
2274 struct device **__devs;
2279 flags = __le32_to_cpu(nd_label->flags);
2280 if (is_nd_blk(&nd_region->dev)
2281 == !!(flags & NSLABEL_FLAG_LOCAL))
2282 /* pass, region matches label type */;
2286 /* skip labels that describe extents outside of the region */
2287 if (nd_label->dpa < nd_mapping->start || nd_label->dpa > map_end)
2290 i = add_namespace_resource(nd_region, nd_label, devs, count);
2295 __devs = kcalloc(count + 2, sizeof(dev), GFP_KERNEL);
2298 memcpy(__devs, devs, sizeof(dev) * count);
2302 if (is_nd_blk(&nd_region->dev))
2303 dev = create_namespace_blk(nd_region, nd_label, count);
2305 struct nvdimm_drvdata *ndd = to_ndd(nd_mapping);
2306 struct nd_namespace_index *nsindex;
2308 nsindex = to_namespace_index(ndd, ndd->ns_current);
2309 dev = create_namespace_pmem(nd_region, nsindex, nd_label);
2313 switch (PTR_ERR(dev)) {
2315 /* skip invalid labels */
2318 /* fallthrough to seed creation */
2324 devs[count++] = dev;
2328 dev_dbg(&nd_region->dev, "%s: discovered %d %s namespace%s\n",
2329 __func__, count, is_nd_blk(&nd_region->dev)
2330 ? "blk" : "pmem", count == 1 ? "" : "s");
2333 /* Publish a zero-sized namespace for userspace to configure. */
2334 nd_mapping_free_labels(nd_mapping);
2336 devs = kcalloc(2, sizeof(dev), GFP_KERNEL);
2339 if (is_nd_blk(&nd_region->dev)) {
2340 struct nd_namespace_blk *nsblk;
2342 nsblk = kzalloc(sizeof(*nsblk), GFP_KERNEL);
2345 dev = &nsblk->common.dev;
2346 dev->type = &namespace_blk_device_type;
2348 struct nd_namespace_pmem *nspm;
2350 nspm = kzalloc(sizeof(*nspm), GFP_KERNEL);
2353 dev = &nspm->nsio.common.dev;
2354 dev->type = &namespace_pmem_device_type;
2355 nd_namespace_pmem_set_resource(nd_region, nspm, 0);
2357 dev->parent = &nd_region->dev;
2358 devs[count++] = dev;
2359 } else if (is_memory(&nd_region->dev)) {
2360 /* clean unselected labels */
2361 for (i = 0; i < nd_region->ndr_mappings; i++) {
2362 struct list_head *l, *e;
2366 nd_mapping = &nd_region->mapping[i];
2367 if (list_empty(&nd_mapping->labels)) {
2373 list_for_each_safe(l, e, &nd_mapping->labels) {
2376 list_move_tail(l, &list);
2378 nd_mapping_free_labels(nd_mapping);
2379 list_splice_init(&list, &nd_mapping->labels);
2384 sort(devs, count, sizeof(struct device *), cmp_dpa, NULL);
2390 for (i = 0; devs[i]; i++)
2391 if (is_nd_blk(&nd_region->dev))
2392 namespace_blk_release(devs[i]);
2394 namespace_pmem_release(devs[i]);
2400 static struct device **create_namespaces(struct nd_region *nd_region)
2402 struct nd_mapping *nd_mapping = &nd_region->mapping[0];
2403 struct device **devs;
2406 if (nd_region->ndr_mappings == 0)
2409 /* lock down all mappings while we scan labels */
2410 for (i = 0; i < nd_region->ndr_mappings; i++) {
2411 nd_mapping = &nd_region->mapping[i];
2412 mutex_lock_nested(&nd_mapping->lock, i);
2415 devs = scan_labels(nd_region);
2417 for (i = 0; i < nd_region->ndr_mappings; i++) {
2418 int reverse = nd_region->ndr_mappings - 1 - i;
2420 nd_mapping = &nd_region->mapping[reverse];
2421 mutex_unlock(&nd_mapping->lock);
2427 static int init_active_labels(struct nd_region *nd_region)
2431 for (i = 0; i < nd_region->ndr_mappings; i++) {
2432 struct nd_mapping *nd_mapping = &nd_region->mapping[i];
2433 struct nvdimm_drvdata *ndd = to_ndd(nd_mapping);
2434 struct nvdimm *nvdimm = nd_mapping->nvdimm;
2435 struct nd_label_ent *label_ent;
2439 * If the dimm is disabled then we may need to prevent
2440 * the region from being activated.
2443 if (test_bit(NDD_LOCKED, &nvdimm->flags))
2444 /* fail, label data may be unreadable */;
2445 else if (test_bit(NDD_ALIASING, &nvdimm->flags))
2446 /* fail, labels needed to disambiguate dpa */;
2450 dev_err(&nd_region->dev, "%s: is %s, failing probe\n",
2451 dev_name(&nd_mapping->nvdimm->dev),
2452 test_bit(NDD_LOCKED, &nvdimm->flags)
2453 ? "locked" : "disabled");
2456 nd_mapping->ndd = ndd;
2457 atomic_inc(&nvdimm->busy);
2460 count = nd_label_active_count(ndd);
2461 dev_dbg(ndd->dev, "%s: %d\n", __func__, count);
2464 for (j = 0; j < count; j++) {
2465 struct nd_namespace_label *label;
2467 label_ent = kzalloc(sizeof(*label_ent), GFP_KERNEL);
2470 label = nd_label_active(ndd, j);
2471 label_ent->label = label;
2473 mutex_lock(&nd_mapping->lock);
2474 list_add_tail(&label_ent->list, &nd_mapping->labels);
2475 mutex_unlock(&nd_mapping->lock);
2481 mutex_lock(&nd_mapping->lock);
2482 nd_mapping_free_labels(nd_mapping);
2483 mutex_unlock(&nd_mapping->lock);
2490 int nd_region_register_namespaces(struct nd_region *nd_region, int *err)
2492 struct device **devs = NULL;
2493 int i, rc = 0, type;
2496 nvdimm_bus_lock(&nd_region->dev);
2497 rc = init_active_labels(nd_region);
2499 nvdimm_bus_unlock(&nd_region->dev);
2503 type = nd_region_to_nstype(nd_region);
2505 case ND_DEVICE_NAMESPACE_IO:
2506 devs = create_namespace_io(nd_region);
2508 case ND_DEVICE_NAMESPACE_PMEM:
2509 case ND_DEVICE_NAMESPACE_BLK:
2510 devs = create_namespaces(nd_region);
2515 nvdimm_bus_unlock(&nd_region->dev);
2520 for (i = 0; devs[i]; i++) {
2521 struct device *dev = devs[i];
2524 if (type == ND_DEVICE_NAMESPACE_BLK) {
2525 struct nd_namespace_blk *nsblk;
2527 nsblk = to_nd_namespace_blk(dev);
2528 id = ida_simple_get(&nd_region->ns_ida, 0, 0,
2531 } else if (type == ND_DEVICE_NAMESPACE_PMEM) {
2532 struct nd_namespace_pmem *nspm;
2534 nspm = to_nd_namespace_pmem(dev);
2535 id = ida_simple_get(&nd_region->ns_ida, 0, 0,
2543 dev_set_name(dev, "namespace%d.%d", nd_region->id, id);
2544 dev->groups = nd_namespace_attribute_groups;
2545 nd_device_register(dev);
2548 nd_region->ns_seed = devs[0];
2553 for (j = i; devs[j]; j++) {
2554 struct device *dev = devs[j];
2556 device_initialize(dev);
2561 * All of the namespaces we tried to register failed, so
2562 * fail region activation.