2 * This file is subject to the terms and conditions of the GNU General Public
3 * License. See the file "COPYING" in the main directory of this archive
6 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992 Linus Torvalds
7 * Copyright (C) 1994 - 2000 Ralf Baechle
8 * Copyright (C) 1999, 2000 Silicon Graphics, Inc.
9 * Copyright (C) 2014, Imagination Technologies Ltd.
11 #include <linux/cache.h>
12 #include <linux/context_tracking.h>
13 #include <linux/irqflags.h>
14 #include <linux/sched.h>
16 #include <linux/personality.h>
17 #include <linux/smp.h>
18 #include <linux/kernel.h>
19 #include <linux/signal.h>
20 #include <linux/errno.h>
21 #include <linux/wait.h>
22 #include <linux/ptrace.h>
23 #include <linux/unistd.h>
24 #include <linux/uprobes.h>
25 #include <linux/compiler.h>
26 #include <linux/syscalls.h>
27 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
28 #include <linux/tracehook.h>
32 #include <linux/bitops.h>
33 #include <asm/cacheflush.h>
36 #include <asm/ucontext.h>
37 #include <asm/cpu-features.h>
43 #include "signal-common.h"
45 static int (*save_fp_context)(void __user *sc);
46 static int (*restore_fp_context)(void __user *sc);
49 u32 sf_ass[4]; /* argument save space for o32 */
50 u32 sf_pad[2]; /* Was: signal trampoline */
52 /* Matches struct ucontext from its uc_mcontext field onwards */
53 struct sigcontext sf_sc;
55 unsigned long long sf_extcontext[];
59 u32 rs_ass[4]; /* argument save space for o32 */
60 u32 rs_pad[2]; /* Was: signal trampoline */
61 struct siginfo rs_info;
62 struct ucontext rs_uc;
65 #ifdef CONFIG_MIPS_FP_SUPPORT
68 * Thread saved context copy to/from a signal context presumed to be on the
69 * user stack, and therefore accessed with appropriate macros from uaccess.h.
71 static int copy_fp_to_sigcontext(void __user *sc)
73 struct mips_abi *abi = current->thread.abi;
74 uint64_t __user *fpregs = sc + abi->off_sc_fpregs;
75 uint32_t __user *csr = sc + abi->off_sc_fpc_csr;
78 int inc = test_thread_flag(TIF_32BIT_FPREGS) ? 2 : 1;
80 for (i = 0; i < NUM_FPU_REGS; i += inc) {
82 __put_user(get_fpr64(¤t->thread.fpu.fpr[i], 0),
85 err |= __put_user(current->thread.fpu.fcr31, csr);
90 static int copy_fp_from_sigcontext(void __user *sc)
92 struct mips_abi *abi = current->thread.abi;
93 uint64_t __user *fpregs = sc + abi->off_sc_fpregs;
94 uint32_t __user *csr = sc + abi->off_sc_fpc_csr;
97 int inc = test_thread_flag(TIF_32BIT_FPREGS) ? 2 : 1;
100 for (i = 0; i < NUM_FPU_REGS; i += inc) {
101 err |= __get_user(fpr_val, &fpregs[i]);
102 set_fpr64(¤t->thread.fpu.fpr[i], 0, fpr_val);
104 err |= __get_user(current->thread.fpu.fcr31, csr);
109 #else /* !CONFIG_MIPS_FP_SUPPORT */
111 static int copy_fp_to_sigcontext(void __user *sc)
116 static int copy_fp_from_sigcontext(void __user *sc)
121 #endif /* !CONFIG_MIPS_FP_SUPPORT */
124 * Wrappers for the assembly _{save,restore}_fp_context functions.
126 static int save_hw_fp_context(void __user *sc)
128 struct mips_abi *abi = current->thread.abi;
129 uint64_t __user *fpregs = sc + abi->off_sc_fpregs;
130 uint32_t __user *csr = sc + abi->off_sc_fpc_csr;
132 return _save_fp_context(fpregs, csr);
135 static int restore_hw_fp_context(void __user *sc)
137 struct mips_abi *abi = current->thread.abi;
138 uint64_t __user *fpregs = sc + abi->off_sc_fpregs;
139 uint32_t __user *csr = sc + abi->off_sc_fpc_csr;
141 return _restore_fp_context(fpregs, csr);
145 * Extended context handling.
148 static inline void __user *sc_to_extcontext(void __user *sc)
150 struct ucontext __user *uc;
153 * We can just pretend the sigcontext is always embedded in a struct
154 * ucontext here, because the offset from sigcontext to extended
155 * context is the same in the struct sigframe case.
157 uc = container_of(sc, struct ucontext, uc_mcontext);
158 return &uc->uc_extcontext;
161 #ifdef CONFIG_CPU_HAS_MSA
163 static int save_msa_extcontext(void __user *buf)
165 struct msa_extcontext __user *msa = buf;
169 if (!thread_msa_context_live())
173 * Ensure that we can't lose the live MSA context between checking
174 * for it & writing it to memory.
178 if (is_msa_enabled()) {
180 * There are no EVA versions of the vector register load/store
181 * instructions, so MSA context has to be saved to kernel memory
182 * and then copied to user memory. The save to kernel memory
183 * should already have been done when handling scalar FP
186 BUG_ON(IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_EVA));
188 err = __put_user(read_msa_csr(), &msa->csr);
189 err |= _save_msa_all_upper(&msa->wr);
195 err = __put_user(current->thread.fpu.msacsr, &msa->csr);
197 for (i = 0; i < NUM_FPU_REGS; i++) {
198 val = get_fpr64(¤t->thread.fpu.fpr[i], 1);
199 err |= __put_user(val, &msa->wr[i]);
203 err |= __put_user(MSA_EXTCONTEXT_MAGIC, &msa->ext.magic);
204 err |= __put_user(sizeof(*msa), &msa->ext.size);
206 return err ? -EFAULT : sizeof(*msa);
209 static int restore_msa_extcontext(void __user *buf, unsigned int size)
211 struct msa_extcontext __user *msa = buf;
212 unsigned long long val;
216 if (size != sizeof(*msa))
219 err = get_user(csr, &msa->csr);
225 if (is_msa_enabled()) {
227 * There are no EVA versions of the vector register load/store
228 * instructions, so MSA context has to be copied to kernel
229 * memory and later loaded to registers. The same is true of
230 * scalar FP context, so FPU & MSA should have already been
231 * disabled whilst handling scalar FP context.
233 BUG_ON(IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_EVA));
236 err |= _restore_msa_all_upper(&msa->wr);
241 current->thread.fpu.msacsr = csr;
243 for (i = 0; i < NUM_FPU_REGS; i++) {
244 err |= __get_user(val, &msa->wr[i]);
245 set_fpr64(¤t->thread.fpu.fpr[i], 1, val);
252 #else /* !CONFIG_CPU_HAS_MSA */
254 static int save_msa_extcontext(void __user *buf)
259 static int restore_msa_extcontext(void __user *buf, unsigned int size)
264 #endif /* !CONFIG_CPU_HAS_MSA */
266 static int save_extcontext(void __user *buf)
270 sz = save_msa_extcontext(buf);
275 /* If no context was saved then trivially return */
279 /* Write the end marker */
280 if (__put_user(END_EXTCONTEXT_MAGIC, (u32 *)buf))
283 sz += sizeof(((struct extcontext *)NULL)->magic);
287 static int restore_extcontext(void __user *buf)
289 struct extcontext ext;
293 err = __get_user(ext.magic, (unsigned int *)buf);
297 if (ext.magic == END_EXTCONTEXT_MAGIC)
300 err = __get_user(ext.size, (unsigned int *)(buf
301 + offsetof(struct extcontext, size)));
306 case MSA_EXTCONTEXT_MAGIC:
307 err = restore_msa_extcontext(buf, ext.size);
325 int protected_save_fp_context(void __user *sc)
327 struct mips_abi *abi = current->thread.abi;
328 uint64_t __user *fpregs = sc + abi->off_sc_fpregs;
329 uint32_t __user *csr = sc + abi->off_sc_fpc_csr;
330 uint32_t __user *used_math = sc + abi->off_sc_used_math;
331 unsigned int used, ext_sz;
334 used = used_math() ? USED_FP : 0;
338 if (!test_thread_flag(TIF_32BIT_FPREGS))
340 if (test_thread_flag(TIF_HYBRID_FPREGS))
341 used |= USED_HYBRID_FPRS;
344 * EVA does not have userland equivalents of ldc1 or sdc1, so
345 * save to the kernel FP context & copy that to userland below.
347 if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_EVA))
352 if (is_fpu_owner()) {
353 err = save_fp_context(sc);
357 err = copy_fp_to_sigcontext(sc);
361 /* touch the sigcontext and try again */
362 err = __put_user(0, &fpregs[0]) |
363 __put_user(0, &fpregs[31]) |
366 return err; /* really bad sigcontext */
370 ext_sz = err = save_extcontext(sc_to_extcontext(sc));
373 used |= ext_sz ? USED_EXTCONTEXT : 0;
375 return __put_user(used, used_math);
378 int protected_restore_fp_context(void __user *sc)
380 struct mips_abi *abi = current->thread.abi;
381 uint64_t __user *fpregs = sc + abi->off_sc_fpregs;
382 uint32_t __user *csr = sc + abi->off_sc_fpc_csr;
383 uint32_t __user *used_math = sc + abi->off_sc_used_math;
385 int err, sig = 0, tmp __maybe_unused;
387 err = __get_user(used, used_math);
388 conditional_used_math(used & USED_FP);
391 * The signal handler may have used FPU; give it up if the program
392 * doesn't want it following sigreturn.
394 if (err || !(used & USED_FP))
398 if (!(used & USED_FP))
401 err = sig = fpcsr_pending(csr);
406 * EVA does not have userland equivalents of ldc1 or sdc1, so we
407 * disable the FPU here such that the code below simply copies to
408 * the kernel FP context.
410 if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_EVA))
415 if (is_fpu_owner()) {
416 err = restore_fp_context(sc);
420 err = copy_fp_from_sigcontext(sc);
424 /* touch the sigcontext and try again */
425 err = __get_user(tmp, &fpregs[0]) |
426 __get_user(tmp, &fpregs[31]) |
427 __get_user(tmp, csr);
429 break; /* really bad sigcontext */
433 if (!err && (used & USED_EXTCONTEXT))
434 err = restore_extcontext(sc_to_extcontext(sc));
439 int setup_sigcontext(struct pt_regs *regs, struct sigcontext __user *sc)
444 err |= __put_user(regs->cp0_epc, &sc->sc_pc);
446 err |= __put_user(0, &sc->sc_regs[0]);
447 for (i = 1; i < 32; i++)
448 err |= __put_user(regs->regs[i], &sc->sc_regs[i]);
450 #ifdef CONFIG_CPU_HAS_SMARTMIPS
451 err |= __put_user(regs->acx, &sc->sc_acx);
453 err |= __put_user(regs->hi, &sc->sc_mdhi);
454 err |= __put_user(regs->lo, &sc->sc_mdlo);
456 err |= __put_user(mfhi1(), &sc->sc_hi1);
457 err |= __put_user(mflo1(), &sc->sc_lo1);
458 err |= __put_user(mfhi2(), &sc->sc_hi2);
459 err |= __put_user(mflo2(), &sc->sc_lo2);
460 err |= __put_user(mfhi3(), &sc->sc_hi3);
461 err |= __put_user(mflo3(), &sc->sc_lo3);
462 err |= __put_user(rddsp(DSP_MASK), &sc->sc_dsp);
467 * Save FPU state to signal context. Signal handler
468 * will "inherit" current FPU state.
470 err |= protected_save_fp_context(sc);
475 static size_t extcontext_max_size(void)
480 * The assumption here is that between this point & the point at which
481 * the extended context is saved the size of the context should only
482 * ever be able to shrink (if the task is preempted), but never grow.
483 * That is, what this function returns is an upper bound on the size of
484 * the extended context for the current task at the current time.
487 if (thread_msa_context_live())
488 sz += sizeof(struct msa_extcontext);
490 /* If any context is saved then we'll append the end marker */
492 sz += sizeof(((struct extcontext *)NULL)->magic);
497 int fpcsr_pending(unsigned int __user *fpcsr)
500 unsigned int csr, enabled;
502 err = __get_user(csr, fpcsr);
503 enabled = FPU_CSR_UNI_X | ((csr & FPU_CSR_ALL_E) << 5);
505 * If the signal handler set some FPU exceptions, clear it and
510 err |= __put_user(csr, fpcsr);
516 int restore_sigcontext(struct pt_regs *regs, struct sigcontext __user *sc)
522 /* Always make any pending restarted system calls return -EINTR */
523 current->restart_block.fn = do_no_restart_syscall;
525 err |= __get_user(regs->cp0_epc, &sc->sc_pc);
527 #ifdef CONFIG_CPU_HAS_SMARTMIPS
528 err |= __get_user(regs->acx, &sc->sc_acx);
530 err |= __get_user(regs->hi, &sc->sc_mdhi);
531 err |= __get_user(regs->lo, &sc->sc_mdlo);
533 err |= __get_user(treg, &sc->sc_hi1); mthi1(treg);
534 err |= __get_user(treg, &sc->sc_lo1); mtlo1(treg);
535 err |= __get_user(treg, &sc->sc_hi2); mthi2(treg);
536 err |= __get_user(treg, &sc->sc_lo2); mtlo2(treg);
537 err |= __get_user(treg, &sc->sc_hi3); mthi3(treg);
538 err |= __get_user(treg, &sc->sc_lo3); mtlo3(treg);
539 err |= __get_user(treg, &sc->sc_dsp); wrdsp(treg, DSP_MASK);
542 for (i = 1; i < 32; i++)
543 err |= __get_user(regs->regs[i], &sc->sc_regs[i]);
545 return err ?: protected_restore_fp_context(sc);
548 #ifdef CONFIG_WAR_ICACHE_REFILLS
549 #define SIGMASK ~(cpu_icache_line_size()-1)
551 #define SIGMASK ALMASK
554 void __user *get_sigframe(struct ksignal *ksig, struct pt_regs *regs,
559 /* Leave space for potential extended context */
560 frame_size += extcontext_max_size();
562 /* Default to using normal stack */
566 * FPU emulator may have it's own trampoline active just
567 * above the user stack, 16-bytes before the next lowest
568 * 16 byte boundary. Try to avoid trashing it.
572 sp = sigsp(sp, ksig);
574 return (void __user *)((sp - frame_size) & SIGMASK);
578 * Atomically swap in the new signal mask, and wait for a signal.
581 #ifdef CONFIG_TRAD_SIGNALS
582 SYSCALL_DEFINE1(sigsuspend, sigset_t __user *, uset)
584 return sys_rt_sigsuspend(uset, sizeof(sigset_t));
588 #ifdef CONFIG_TRAD_SIGNALS
589 SYSCALL_DEFINE3(sigaction, int, sig, const struct sigaction __user *, act,
590 struct sigaction __user *, oact)
592 struct k_sigaction new_ka, old_ka;
599 if (!access_ok(act, sizeof(*act)))
601 err |= __get_user(new_ka.sa.sa_handler, &act->sa_handler);
602 err |= __get_user(new_ka.sa.sa_flags, &act->sa_flags);
603 err |= __get_user(mask, &act->sa_mask.sig[0]);
607 siginitset(&new_ka.sa.sa_mask, mask);
610 ret = do_sigaction(sig, act ? &new_ka : NULL, oact ? &old_ka : NULL);
613 if (!access_ok(oact, sizeof(*oact)))
615 err |= __put_user(old_ka.sa.sa_flags, &oact->sa_flags);
616 err |= __put_user(old_ka.sa.sa_handler, &oact->sa_handler);
617 err |= __put_user(old_ka.sa.sa_mask.sig[0], oact->sa_mask.sig);
618 err |= __put_user(0, &oact->sa_mask.sig[1]);
619 err |= __put_user(0, &oact->sa_mask.sig[2]);
620 err |= __put_user(0, &oact->sa_mask.sig[3]);
629 #ifdef CONFIG_TRAD_SIGNALS
630 asmlinkage void sys_sigreturn(void)
632 struct sigframe __user *frame;
633 struct pt_regs *regs;
637 regs = current_pt_regs();
638 frame = (struct sigframe __user *)regs->regs[29];
639 if (!access_ok(frame, sizeof(*frame)))
641 if (__copy_from_user(&blocked, &frame->sf_mask, sizeof(blocked)))
644 set_current_blocked(&blocked);
646 sig = restore_sigcontext(regs, &frame->sf_sc);
653 * Don't let your children do this ...
655 __asm__ __volatile__(
665 #endif /* CONFIG_TRAD_SIGNALS */
667 asmlinkage void sys_rt_sigreturn(void)
669 struct rt_sigframe __user *frame;
670 struct pt_regs *regs;
674 regs = current_pt_regs();
675 frame = (struct rt_sigframe __user *)regs->regs[29];
676 if (!access_ok(frame, sizeof(*frame)))
678 if (__copy_from_user(&set, &frame->rs_uc.uc_sigmask, sizeof(set)))
681 set_current_blocked(&set);
683 sig = restore_sigcontext(regs, &frame->rs_uc.uc_mcontext);
689 if (restore_altstack(&frame->rs_uc.uc_stack))
693 * Don't let your children do this ...
695 __asm__ __volatile__(
706 #ifdef CONFIG_TRAD_SIGNALS
707 static int setup_frame(void *sig_return, struct ksignal *ksig,
708 struct pt_regs *regs, sigset_t *set)
710 struct sigframe __user *frame;
713 frame = get_sigframe(ksig, regs, sizeof(*frame));
714 if (!access_ok(frame, sizeof (*frame)))
717 err |= setup_sigcontext(regs, &frame->sf_sc);
718 err |= __copy_to_user(&frame->sf_mask, set, sizeof(*set));
723 * Arguments to signal handler:
726 * a1 = 0 (should be cause)
727 * a2 = pointer to struct sigcontext
729 * $25 and c0_epc point to the signal handler, $29 points to the
732 regs->regs[ 4] = ksig->sig;
734 regs->regs[ 6] = (unsigned long) &frame->sf_sc;
735 regs->regs[29] = (unsigned long) frame;
736 regs->regs[31] = (unsigned long) sig_return;
737 regs->cp0_epc = regs->regs[25] = (unsigned long) ksig->ka.sa.sa_handler;
739 DEBUGP("SIG deliver (%s:%d): sp=0x%p pc=0x%lx ra=0x%lx\n",
740 current->comm, current->pid,
741 frame, regs->cp0_epc, regs->regs[31]);
746 static int setup_rt_frame(void *sig_return, struct ksignal *ksig,
747 struct pt_regs *regs, sigset_t *set)
749 struct rt_sigframe __user *frame;
752 frame = get_sigframe(ksig, regs, sizeof(*frame));
753 if (!access_ok(frame, sizeof (*frame)))
756 /* Create siginfo. */
757 err |= copy_siginfo_to_user(&frame->rs_info, &ksig->info);
759 /* Create the ucontext. */
760 err |= __put_user(0, &frame->rs_uc.uc_flags);
761 err |= __put_user(NULL, &frame->rs_uc.uc_link);
762 err |= __save_altstack(&frame->rs_uc.uc_stack, regs->regs[29]);
763 err |= setup_sigcontext(regs, &frame->rs_uc.uc_mcontext);
764 err |= __copy_to_user(&frame->rs_uc.uc_sigmask, set, sizeof(*set));
770 * Arguments to signal handler:
773 * a1 = 0 (should be cause)
774 * a2 = pointer to ucontext
776 * $25 and c0_epc point to the signal handler, $29 points to
777 * the struct rt_sigframe.
779 regs->regs[ 4] = ksig->sig;
780 regs->regs[ 5] = (unsigned long) &frame->rs_info;
781 regs->regs[ 6] = (unsigned long) &frame->rs_uc;
782 regs->regs[29] = (unsigned long) frame;
783 regs->regs[31] = (unsigned long) sig_return;
784 regs->cp0_epc = regs->regs[25] = (unsigned long) ksig->ka.sa.sa_handler;
786 DEBUGP("SIG deliver (%s:%d): sp=0x%p pc=0x%lx ra=0x%lx\n",
787 current->comm, current->pid,
788 frame, regs->cp0_epc, regs->regs[31]);
793 struct mips_abi mips_abi = {
794 #ifdef CONFIG_TRAD_SIGNALS
795 .setup_frame = setup_frame,
797 .setup_rt_frame = setup_rt_frame,
798 .restart = __NR_restart_syscall,
800 .off_sc_fpregs = offsetof(struct sigcontext, sc_fpregs),
801 .off_sc_fpc_csr = offsetof(struct sigcontext, sc_fpc_csr),
802 .off_sc_used_math = offsetof(struct sigcontext, sc_used_math),
807 static void handle_signal(struct ksignal *ksig, struct pt_regs *regs)
809 sigset_t *oldset = sigmask_to_save();
811 struct mips_abi *abi = current->thread.abi;
812 void *vdso = current->mm->context.vdso;
815 * If we were emulating a delay slot instruction, exit that frame such
816 * that addresses in the sigframe are as expected for userland and we
817 * don't have a problem if we reuse the thread's frame for an
818 * instruction within the signal handler.
820 dsemul_thread_rollback(regs);
823 switch(regs->regs[2]) {
824 case ERESTART_RESTARTBLOCK:
826 regs->regs[2] = EINTR;
829 if (!(ksig->ka.sa.sa_flags & SA_RESTART)) {
830 regs->regs[2] = EINTR;
835 regs->regs[7] = regs->regs[26];
836 regs->regs[2] = regs->regs[0];
840 regs->regs[0] = 0; /* Don't deal with this again. */
843 rseq_signal_deliver(ksig, regs);
845 if (sig_uses_siginfo(&ksig->ka, abi))
846 ret = abi->setup_rt_frame(vdso + abi->vdso->off_rt_sigreturn,
849 ret = abi->setup_frame(vdso + abi->vdso->off_sigreturn,
852 signal_setup_done(ret, ksig, 0);
855 static void do_signal(struct pt_regs *regs)
859 if (get_signal(&ksig)) {
860 /* Whee! Actually deliver the signal. */
861 handle_signal(&ksig, regs);
866 switch (regs->regs[2]) {
870 regs->regs[2] = regs->regs[0];
871 regs->regs[7] = regs->regs[26];
875 case ERESTART_RESTARTBLOCK:
876 regs->regs[2] = current->thread.abi->restart;
877 regs->regs[7] = regs->regs[26];
881 regs->regs[0] = 0; /* Don't deal with this again. */
885 * If there's no signal to deliver, we just put the saved sigmask
888 restore_saved_sigmask();
892 * notification of userspace execution resumption
893 * - triggered by the TIF_WORK_MASK flags
895 asmlinkage void do_notify_resume(struct pt_regs *regs, void *unused,
896 __u32 thread_info_flags)
902 if (thread_info_flags & _TIF_UPROBE)
903 uprobe_notify_resume(regs);
905 /* deal with pending signal delivery */
906 if (thread_info_flags & _TIF_SIGPENDING)
909 if (thread_info_flags & _TIF_NOTIFY_RESUME) {
910 tracehook_notify_resume(regs);
911 rseq_handle_notify_resume(NULL, regs);
917 #if defined(CONFIG_SMP) && defined(CONFIG_MIPS_FP_SUPPORT)
918 static int smp_save_fp_context(void __user *sc)
920 return raw_cpu_has_fpu
921 ? save_hw_fp_context(sc)
922 : copy_fp_to_sigcontext(sc);
925 static int smp_restore_fp_context(void __user *sc)
927 return raw_cpu_has_fpu
928 ? restore_hw_fp_context(sc)
929 : copy_fp_from_sigcontext(sc);
933 static int signal_setup(void)
936 * The offset from sigcontext to extended context should be the same
937 * regardless of the type of signal, such that userland can always know
938 * where to look if it wishes to find the extended context structures.
940 BUILD_BUG_ON((offsetof(struct sigframe, sf_extcontext) -
941 offsetof(struct sigframe, sf_sc)) !=
942 (offsetof(struct rt_sigframe, rs_uc.uc_extcontext) -
943 offsetof(struct rt_sigframe, rs_uc.uc_mcontext)));
945 #if defined(CONFIG_SMP) && defined(CONFIG_MIPS_FP_SUPPORT)
946 /* For now just do the cpu_has_fpu check when the functions are invoked */
947 save_fp_context = smp_save_fp_context;
948 restore_fp_context = smp_restore_fp_context;
951 save_fp_context = save_hw_fp_context;
952 restore_fp_context = restore_hw_fp_context;
954 save_fp_context = copy_fp_to_sigcontext;
955 restore_fp_context = copy_fp_from_sigcontext;
957 #endif /* CONFIG_SMP */
962 arch_initcall(signal_setup);