1 =========================================
2 Kernel CAPI Interface to Hardware Drivers
3 =========================================
8 From the CAPI 2.0 specification:
9 COMMON-ISDN-API (CAPI) is an application programming interface standard used
10 to access ISDN equipment connected to basic rate interfaces (BRI) and primary
11 rate interfaces (PRI).
13 Kernel CAPI operates as a dispatching layer between CAPI applications and CAPI
14 hardware drivers. Hardware drivers register ISDN devices (controllers, in CAPI
15 lingo) with Kernel CAPI to indicate their readiness to provide their service
16 to CAPI applications. CAPI applications also register with Kernel CAPI,
17 requesting association with a CAPI device. Kernel CAPI then dispatches the
18 application registration to an available device, forwarding it to the
19 corresponding hardware driver. Kernel CAPI then forwards CAPI messages in both
20 directions between the application and the hardware driver.
22 Format and semantics of CAPI messages are specified in the CAPI 2.0 standard.
23 This standard is freely available from https://www.capi.org.
26 2. Driver and Device Registration
27 =================================
29 CAPI drivers must register each of the ISDN devices they control with Kernel
30 CAPI by calling the Kernel CAPI function attach_capi_ctr() with a pointer to a
31 struct capi_ctr before they can be used. This structure must be filled with
32 the names of the driver and controller, and a number of callback function
33 pointers which are subsequently used by Kernel CAPI for communicating with the
34 driver. The registration can be revoked by calling the function
35 detach_capi_ctr() with a pointer to the same struct capi_ctr.
37 Before the device can be actually used, the driver must fill in the device
38 information fields 'manu', 'version', 'profile' and 'serial' in the capi_ctr
39 structure of the device, and signal its readiness by calling capi_ctr_ready().
40 From then on, Kernel CAPI may call the registered callback functions for the
43 If the device becomes unusable for any reason (shutdown, disconnect ...), the
44 driver has to call capi_ctr_down(). This will prevent further calls to the
45 callback functions by Kernel CAPI.
48 3. Application Registration and Communication
49 =============================================
51 Kernel CAPI forwards registration requests from applications (calls to CAPI
52 operation CAPI_REGISTER) to an appropriate hardware driver by calling its
53 register_appl() callback function. A unique Application ID (ApplID, u16) is
54 allocated by Kernel CAPI and passed to register_appl() along with the
55 parameter structure provided by the application. This is analogous to the
56 open() operation on regular files or character devices.
58 After a successful return from register_appl(), CAPI messages from the
59 application may be passed to the driver for the device via calls to the
60 send_message() callback function. Conversely, the driver may call Kernel
61 CAPI's capi_ctr_handle_message() function to pass a received CAPI message to
62 Kernel CAPI for forwarding to an application, specifying its ApplID.
64 Deregistration requests (CAPI operation CAPI_RELEASE) from applications are
65 forwarded as calls to the release_appl() callback function, passing the same
66 ApplID as with register_appl(). After return from release_appl(), no CAPI
67 messages for that application may be passed to or from the device anymore.
73 4.1 struct capi_driver
74 ----------------------
76 This structure describes a Kernel CAPI driver itself. It is used in the
77 register_capi_driver() and unregister_capi_driver() functions, and contains
78 the following non-private fields, all to be set by the driver before calling
79 register_capi_driver():
82 the name of the driver, as a zero-terminated ASCII string
84 the revision number of the driver, as a zero-terminated ASCII string
89 This structure describes an ISDN device (controller) handled by a Kernel CAPI
90 driver. After registration via the attach_capi_ctr() function it is passed to
91 all controller specific lower layer interface and callback functions to
92 identify the controller to operate on.
94 It contains the following non-private fields:
96 to be set by the driver before calling attach_capi_ctr():
97 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
99 ``struct module *owner``
100 pointer to the driver module owning the device
103 an opaque pointer to driver specific data, not touched by Kernel CAPI
106 the name of the controller, as a zero-terminated ASCII string
108 ``char *driver_name``
109 the name of the driver, as a zero-terminated ASCII string
111 ``int (*load_firmware)(struct capi_ctr *ctrlr, capiloaddata *ldata)``
112 (optional) pointer to a callback function for sending firmware and
113 configuration data to the device
115 The function may return before the operation has completed.
117 Completion must be signalled by a call to capi_ctr_ready().
119 Return value: 0 on success, error code on error
120 Called in process context.
122 ``void (*reset_ctr)(struct capi_ctr *ctrlr)``
123 (optional) pointer to a callback function for stopping the device,
124 releasing all registered applications
126 The function may return before the operation has completed.
128 Completion must be signalled by a call to capi_ctr_down().
130 Called in process context.
132 ``void (*register_appl)(struct capi_ctr *ctrlr, u16 applid, capi_register_params *rparam)``
133 pointers to callback function for registration of
134 applications with the device
136 Calls to these functions are serialized by Kernel CAPI so that only
137 one call to any of them is active at any time.
139 ``void (*release_appl)(struct capi_ctr *ctrlr, u16 applid)``
140 pointers to callback functions deregistration of
141 applications with the device
143 Calls to these functions are serialized by Kernel CAPI so that only
144 one call to any of them is active at any time.
146 ``u16 (*send_message)(struct capi_ctr *ctrlr, struct sk_buff *skb)``
147 pointer to a callback function for sending a CAPI message to the
150 Return value: CAPI error code
152 If the method returns 0 (CAPI_NOERROR) the driver has taken ownership
153 of the skb and the caller may no longer access it. If it returns a
154 non-zero (error) value then ownership of the skb returns to the caller
155 who may reuse or free it.
157 The return value should only be used to signal problems with respect
158 to accepting or queueing the message. Errors occurring during the
159 actual processing of the message should be signaled with an
160 appropriate reply message.
162 May be called in process or interrupt context.
164 Calls to this function are not serialized by Kernel CAPI, ie. it must
165 be prepared to be re-entered.
167 ``char *(*procinfo)(struct capi_ctr *ctrlr)``
168 pointer to a callback function returning the entry for the device in
169 the CAPI controller info table, /proc/capi/controller
172 Callback functions except send_message() are never called in interrupt
175 to be filled in before calling capi_ctr_ready():
176 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
178 ``u8 manu[CAPI_MANUFACTURER_LEN]``
179 value to return for CAPI_GET_MANUFACTURER
181 ``capi_version version``
182 value to return for CAPI_GET_VERSION
184 ``capi_profile profile``
185 value to return for CAPI_GET_PROFILE
187 ``u8 serial[CAPI_SERIAL_LEN]``
188 value to return for CAPI_GET_SERIAL
194 CAPI messages are passed between Kernel CAPI and the driver via send_message()
195 and capi_ctr_handle_message(), stored in the data portion of a socket buffer
196 (skb). Each skb contains a single CAPI message coded according to the CAPI 2.0
199 For the data transfer messages, DATA_B3_REQ and DATA_B3_IND, the actual
200 payload data immediately follows the CAPI message itself within the same skb.
201 The Data and Data64 parameters are not used for processing. The Data64
202 parameter may be omitted by setting the length field of the CAPI message to 22
206 4.4 The _cmsg Structure
207 -----------------------
209 (declared in <linux/isdn/capiutil.h>)
211 The _cmsg structure stores the contents of a CAPI 2.0 message in an easily
212 accessible form. It contains members for all possible CAPI 2.0 parameters,
213 including subparameters of the Additional Info and B Protocol structured
214 parameters, with the following exceptions:
216 * second Calling party number (CONNECT_IND)
218 * Data64 (DATA_B3_REQ and DATA_B3_IND)
220 * Sending complete (subparameter of Additional Info, CONNECT_REQ and INFO_REQ)
222 * Global Configuration (subparameter of B Protocol, CONNECT_REQ, CONNECT_RESP
223 and SELECT_B_PROTOCOL_REQ)
225 Only those parameters appearing in the message type currently being processed
226 are actually used. Unused members should be set to zero.
228 Members are named after the CAPI 2.0 standard names of the parameters they
229 represent. See <linux/isdn/capiutil.h> for the exact spelling. Member data
232 =========== =================================================================
233 u8 for CAPI parameters of type 'byte'
235 u16 for CAPI parameters of type 'word'
237 u32 for CAPI parameters of type 'dword'
239 _cstruct for CAPI parameters of type 'struct'
240 The member is a pointer to a buffer containing the parameter in
241 CAPI encoding (length + content). It may also be NULL, which will
242 be taken to represent an empty (zero length) parameter.
243 Subparameters are stored in encoded form within the content part.
245 _cmstruct alternative representation for CAPI parameters of type 'struct'
246 (used only for the 'Additional Info' and 'B Protocol' parameters)
247 The representation is a single byte containing one of the values:
248 CAPI_DEFAULT: The parameter is empty/absent.
249 CAPI_COMPOSE: The parameter is present.
250 Subparameter values are stored individually in the corresponding
251 _cmsg structure members.
252 =========== =================================================================
255 5. Lower Layer Interface Functions
256 ==================================
260 int attach_capi_ctr(struct capi_ctr *ctrlr)
261 int detach_capi_ctr(struct capi_ctr *ctrlr)
263 register/unregister a device (controller) with Kernel CAPI
267 void capi_ctr_ready(struct capi_ctr *ctrlr)
268 void capi_ctr_down(struct capi_ctr *ctrlr)
270 signal controller ready/not ready
274 void capi_ctr_handle_message(struct capi_ctr * ctrlr, u16 applid,
277 pass a received CAPI message to Kernel CAPI
278 for forwarding to the specified application
281 6. Helper Functions and Macros
282 ==============================
284 Macros to extract/set element values from/in a CAPI message header
285 (from <linux/isdn/capiutil.h>):
287 ====================== ============================= ====================
288 Get Macro Set Macro Element (Type)
289 ====================== ============================= ====================
290 CAPIMSG_LEN(m) CAPIMSG_SETLEN(m, len) Total Length (u16)
291 CAPIMSG_APPID(m) CAPIMSG_SETAPPID(m, applid) ApplID (u16)
292 CAPIMSG_COMMAND(m) CAPIMSG_SETCOMMAND(m,cmd) Command (u8)
293 CAPIMSG_SUBCOMMAND(m) CAPIMSG_SETSUBCOMMAND(m, cmd) Subcommand (u8)
294 CAPIMSG_CMD(m) - Command*256
296 CAPIMSG_MSGID(m) CAPIMSG_SETMSGID(m, msgid) Message Number (u16)
298 CAPIMSG_CONTROL(m) CAPIMSG_SETCONTROL(m, contr) Controller/PLCI/NCCI
300 CAPIMSG_DATALEN(m) CAPIMSG_SETDATALEN(m, len) Data Length (u16)
301 ====================== ============================= ====================
304 Library functions for working with _cmsg structures
305 (from <linux/isdn/capiutil.h>):
307 ``char *capi_cmd2str(u8 Command, u8 Subcommand)``
308 Returns the CAPI 2.0 message name corresponding to the given command
309 and subcommand values, as a static ASCII string. The return value may
310 be NULL if the command/subcommand is not one of those defined in the
317 The module kernelcapi has a module parameter showcapimsgs controlling some
318 debugging output produced by the module. It can only be set when the module is
319 loaded, via a parameter "showcapimsgs=<n>" to the modprobe command, either on
320 the command line or in the configuration file.
322 If the lowest bit of showcapimsgs is set, kernelcapi logs controller and
323 application up and down events.
325 In addition, every registered CAPI controller has an associated traceflag
326 parameter controlling how CAPI messages sent from and to the controller are
327 logged. The traceflag parameter is initialized with the value of the
328 showcapimsgs parameter when the controller is registered, but can later be
329 changed via the MANUFACTURER_REQ command KCAPI_CMD_TRACE.
331 If the value of traceflag is non-zero, CAPI messages are logged.
332 DATA_B3 messages are only logged if the value of traceflag is > 2.
334 If the lowest bit of traceflag is set, only the command/subcommand and message
335 length are logged. Otherwise, kernelcapi logs a readable representation of