5 This is a summary of the most important conventions for use of fault
6 codes in the I2C/SMBus stack.
9 A "Fault" is not always an "Error"
10 ----------------------------------
11 Not all fault reports imply errors; "page faults" should be a familiar
12 example. Software often retries idempotent operations after transient
13 faults. There may be fancier recovery schemes that are appropriate in
14 some cases, such as re-initializing (and maybe resetting). After such
15 recovery, triggered by a fault report, there is no error.
17 In a similar way, sometimes a "fault" code just reports one defined
18 result for an operation ... it doesn't indicate that anything is wrong
19 at all, just that the outcome wasn't on the "golden path".
21 In short, your I2C driver code may need to know these codes in order
22 to respond correctly. Other code may need to rely on YOUR code reporting
23 the right fault code, so that it can (in turn) behave correctly.
26 I2C and SMBus fault codes
27 -------------------------
28 These are returned as negative numbers from most calls, with zero or
29 some positive number indicating a non-fault return. The specific
30 numbers associated with these symbols differ between architectures,
31 though most Linux systems use <asm-generic/errno*.h> numbering.
33 Note that the descriptions here are not exhaustive. There are other
34 codes that may be returned, and other cases where these codes should
35 be returned. However, drivers should not return other codes for these
36 cases (unless the hardware doesn't provide unique fault reports).
38 Also, codes returned by adapter probe methods follow rules which are
39 specific to their host bus (such as PCI, or the platform bus).
43 Returned by I2C adapters when they lose arbitration in master
44 transmit mode: some other master was transmitting different
45 data at the same time.
47 Also returned when trying to invoke an I2C operation in an
48 atomic context, when some task is already using that I2C bus
49 to execute some other operation.
52 Returned by SMBus logic when an invalid Packet Error Code byte
53 is received. This code is a CRC covering all bytes in the
54 transaction, and is sent before the terminating STOP. This
55 fault is only reported on read transactions; the SMBus slave
56 may have a way to report PEC mismatches on writes from the
57 host. Note that even if PECs are in use, you should not rely
58 on these as the only way to detect incorrect data transfers.
61 Returned by SMBus adapters when the bus was busy for longer
62 than allowed. This usually indicates some device (maybe the
63 SMBus adapter) needs some fault recovery (such as resetting),
64 or that the reset was attempted but failed.
67 This rather vague error means an invalid parameter has been
68 detected before any I/O operation was started. Use a more
69 specific fault code when you can.
72 This rather vague error means something went wrong when
73 performing an I/O operation. Use a more specific fault
77 Returned by driver probe() methods. This is a bit more
78 specific than ENXIO, implying the problem isn't with the
79 address, but with the device found there. Driver probes
80 may verify the device returns *correct* responses, and
81 return this as appropriate. (The driver core will warn
82 about probe faults other than ENXIO and ENODEV.)
85 Returned by any component that can't allocate memory when
89 Returned by I2C adapters to indicate that the address phase
90 of a transfer didn't get an ACK. While it might just mean
91 an I2C device was temporarily not responding, usually it
92 means there's nothing listening at that address.
94 Returned by driver probe() methods to indicate that they
95 found no device to bind to. (ENODEV may also be used.)
98 Returned by an adapter when asked to perform an operation
99 that it doesn't, or can't, support.
101 For example, this would be returned when an adapter that
102 doesn't support SMBus block transfers is asked to execute
103 one. In that case, the driver making that request should
104 have verified that functionality was supported before it
105 made that block transfer request.
107 Similarly, if an I2C adapter can't execute all legal I2C
108 messages, it should return this when asked to perform a
109 transaction it can't. (These limitations can't be seen in
110 the adapter's functionality mask, since the assumption is
111 that if an adapter supports I2C it supports all of I2C.)
114 Returned when slave does not conform to the relevant I2C
115 or SMBus (or chip-specific) protocol specifications. One
116 case is when the length of an SMBus block data response
117 (from the SMBus slave) is outside the range 1-32 bytes.
120 Returned when a transfer was requested using an adapter
121 which is already suspended.
124 This is returned by drivers when an operation took too much
125 time, and was aborted before it completed.
127 SMBus adapters may return it when an operation took more
128 time than allowed by the SMBus specification; for example,
129 when a slave stretches clocks too far. I2C has no such
130 timeouts, but it's normal for I2C adapters to impose some
131 arbitrary limits (much longer than SMBus!) too.