1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
3 =============================
4 Overview of Amiga Filesystems
5 =============================
7 Not all varieties of the Amiga filesystems are supported for reading and
8 writing. The Amiga currently knows six different filesystems:
10 ============== ===============================================================
11 DOS\0 The old or original filesystem, not really suited for
12 hard disks and normally not used on them, either.
15 DOS\1 The original Fast File System. Supported read/write.
17 DOS\2 The old "international" filesystem. International means that
18 a bug has been fixed so that accented ("international") letters
19 in file names are case-insensitive, as they ought to be.
22 DOS\3 The "international" Fast File System. Supported read/write.
24 DOS\4 The original filesystem with directory cache. The directory
25 cache speeds up directory accesses on floppies considerably,
26 but slows down file creation/deletion. Doesn't make much
27 sense on hard disks. Supported read only.
29 DOS\5 The Fast File System with directory cache. Supported read only.
30 ============== ===============================================================
32 All of the above filesystems allow block sizes from 512 to 32K bytes.
33 Supported block sizes are: 512, 1024, 2048 and 4096 bytes. Larger blocks
34 speed up almost everything at the expense of wasted disk space. The speed
35 gain above 4K seems not really worth the price, so you don't lose too
38 The muFS (multi user File System) equivalents of the above file systems
41 Mount options for the AFFS
42 ==========================
45 If this option is set, the protection bits cannot be altered.
48 This sets the owner of all files and directories in the file
49 system to uid or the uid of the current user, respectively.
52 Same as above, but for gid.
55 Sets the mode flags to the given (octal) value, regardless
56 of the original permissions. Directories will get an x
57 permission if the corresponding r bit is set.
58 This is useful since most of the plain AmigaOS files
62 The file system will return an error when filename exceeds
63 standard maximum filename length (30 characters).
66 Sets the number of reserved blocks at the start of the
67 partition to num. You should never need this option.
71 Sets the block number of the root block. This should never
75 Sets the blocksize to blksize. Valid block sizes are 512,
76 1024, 2048 and 4096. Like the root option, this should
77 never be necessary, as the affs can figure it out itself.
80 The file system will not return an error for disallowed
84 The volume name, file system type and block size will
85 be written to the syslog when the filesystem is mounted.
88 The filesystem is really a muFS, also it doesn't
89 identify itself as one. This option is necessary if
90 the filesystem wasn't formatted as muFS, but is used
94 Path will be prefixed to every absolute path name of
95 symbolic links on an AFFS partition. Default = "/".
99 When symbolic links with an absolute path are created
100 on an AFFS partition, name will be prepended as the
101 volume name. Default = "" (empty string).
104 Handling of the Users/Groups and protection flags
105 =================================================
109 The Amiga protection flags RWEDRWEDHSPARWED are handled as follows:
111 - R maps to r for user, group and others. On directories, R implies x.
113 - If both W and D are allowed, w will be set.
117 - H and P are always retained and ignored under Linux.
119 - A is always reset when a file is written to.
121 User id and group id will be used unless set[gu]id are given as mount
122 options. Since most of the Amiga file systems are single user systems
123 they will be owned by root. The root directory (the mount point) of the
124 Amiga filesystem will be owned by the user who actually mounts the
125 filesystem (the root directory doesn't have uid/gid fields).
129 The Linux rwxrwxrwx file mode is handled as follows:
131 - r permission will set R for user, group and others.
133 - w permission will set W and D for user, group and others.
135 - x permission of the user will set E for plain files.
137 - All other flags (suid, sgid, ...) are ignored and will
140 Newly created files and directories will get the user and group ID
141 of the current user and a mode according to the umask.
146 Although the Amiga and Linux file systems resemble each other, there
147 are some, not always subtle, differences. One of them becomes apparent
148 with symbolic links. While Linux has a file system with exactly one
149 root directory, the Amiga has a separate root directory for each
150 file system (for example, partition, floppy disk, ...). With the Amiga,
151 these entities are called "volumes". They have symbolic names which
152 can be used to access them. Thus, symbolic links can point to a
153 different volume. AFFS turns the volume name into a directory name
154 and prepends the prefix path (see prefix option) to it.
157 You mount all your Amiga partitions under /amiga/<volume> (where
158 <volume> is the name of the volume), and you give the option
159 "prefix=/amiga/" when mounting all your AFFS partitions. (They
160 might be "User", "WB" and "Graphics", the mount points /amiga/User,
161 /amiga/WB and /amiga/Graphics). A symbolic link referring to
162 "User:sc/include/dos/dos.h" will be followed to
163 "/amiga/User/sc/include/dos/dos.h".
170 mount Archive/Amiga/Workbench3.1.adf /mnt -t affs -o loop,verbose
171 mount /dev/sda3 /Amiga -t affs
175 /dev/sdb5 /amiga/Workbench affs noauto,user,exec,verbose 0 0
180 If you boot Windows 95 (don't know about 3.x, 98 and NT) while you
181 have an Amiga harddisk connected to your PC, it will overwrite
182 the bytes 0x00dc..0x00df of block 0 with garbage, thus invalidating
183 the Rigid Disk Block. Sheer luck has it that this is an unused
184 area of the RDB, so only the checksum doesn't match anymore.
185 Linux will ignore this garbage and recognize the RDB anyway, but
186 before you connect that drive to your Amiga again, you must
187 restore or repair your RDB. So please do make a backup copy of it
188 before booting Windows!
190 If the damage is already done, the following should fix the RDB
191 (where <disk> is the device name).
193 DO AT YOUR OWN RISK::
195 dd if=/dev/<disk> of=rdb.tmp count=1
197 dd if=/dev/zero of=rdb.fixed bs=1 seek=220 count=4
198 dd if=rdb.fixed of=/dev/<disk>
200 Bugs, Restrictions, Caveats
201 ===========================
203 Quite a few things may not work as advertised. Not everything is
204 tested, though several hundred MB have been read and written using
205 this fs. For a most up-to-date list of bugs please consult
208 By default, filenames are truncated to 30 characters without warning.
209 'nofilenametruncate' mount option can change that behavior.
211 Case is ignored by the affs in filename matching, but Linux shells
212 do care about the case. Example (with /wb being an affs mounted fs)::
216 will remove /mnt/wrongcase, but::
220 will not since the names are matched by the shell.
222 The block allocation is designed for hard disk partitions. If more
223 than 1 process writes to a (small) diskette, the blocks are allocated
224 in an ugly way (but the real AFFS doesn't do much better). This
225 is also true when space gets tight.
227 You cannot execute programs on an OFS (Old File System), since the
228 program files cannot be memory mapped due to the 488 byte blocks.
229 For the same reason you cannot mount an image on such a filesystem
230 via the loopback device.
232 The bitmap valid flag in the root block may not be accurate when the
233 system crashes while an affs partition is mounted. There's currently
234 no way to fix a garbled filesystem without an Amiga (disk validator)
235 or manually (who would do this?). Maybe later.
237 If you mount affs partitions on system startup, you may want to tell
238 fsck that the fs should not be checked (place a '0' in the sixth field
241 It's not possible to read floppy disks with a normal PC or workstation
242 due to an incompatibility with the Amiga floppy controller.
244 If you are interested in an Amiga Emulator for Linux, look at
246 http://web.archive.org/web/%2E/http://www.freiburg.linux.de/~uae/