1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
7 In order to support ACPI open-ended hardware configurations (e.g. development
8 boards) we need a way to augment the ACPI configuration provided by the firmware
9 image. A common example is connecting sensors on I2C / SPI buses on development
12 Although this can be accomplished by creating a kernel platform driver or
13 recompiling the firmware image with updated ACPI tables, neither is practical:
14 the former proliferates board specific kernel code while the latter requires
15 access to firmware tools which are often not publicly available.
17 Because ACPI supports external references in AML code a more practical
18 way to augment firmware ACPI configuration is by dynamically loading
19 user defined SSDT tables that contain the board specific information.
21 For example, to enumerate a Bosch BMA222E accelerometer on the I2C bus of the
22 Minnowboard MAX development board exposed via the LSE connector [1], the
23 following ASL code can be used::
25 DefinitionBlock ("minnowmax.aml", "SSDT", 1, "Vendor", "Accel", 0x00000003)
27 External (\_SB.I2C6, DeviceObj)
34 Name (_HID, "BMA222E")
36 Method (_CRS, 0, Serialized)
38 Name (RBUF, ResourceTemplate ()
40 I2cSerialBus (0x0018, ControllerInitiated, 0x00061A80,
41 AddressingMode7Bit, "\\_SB.I2C6", 0x00,
43 GpioInt (Edge, ActiveHigh, Exclusive, PullDown, 0x0000,
44 "\\_SB.GPO2", 0x00, ResourceConsumer, , )
55 which can then be compiled to AML binary format::
59 Intel ACPI Component Architecture
60 ASL Optimizing Compiler version 20140214-64 [Mar 29 2014]
61 Copyright (c) 2000 - 2014 Intel Corporation
63 ASL Input: minnomax.asl - 30 lines, 614 bytes, 7 keywords
64 AML Output: minnowmax.aml - 165 bytes, 6 named objects, 1 executable opcodes
66 [1] http://wiki.minnowboard.org/MinnowBoard_MAX#Low_Speed_Expansion_Connector_.28Top.29
68 The resulting AML code can then be loaded by the kernel using one of the methods
71 Loading ACPI SSDTs from initrd
72 ==============================
74 This option allows loading of user defined SSDTs from initrd and it is useful
75 when the system does not support EFI or when there is not enough EFI storage.
77 It works in a similar way with initrd based ACPI tables override/upgrade: SSDT
78 aml code must be placed in the first, uncompressed, initrd under the
79 "kernel/firmware/acpi" path. Multiple files can be used and this will translate
80 in loading multiple tables. Only SSDT and OEM tables are allowed. See
81 initrd_table_override.txt for more details.
85 # Add the raw ACPI tables to an uncompressed cpio archive.
86 # They must be put into a /kernel/firmware/acpi directory inside the
88 # The uncompressed cpio archive must be the first.
89 # Other, typically compressed cpio archives, must be
90 # concatenated on top of the uncompressed one.
91 mkdir -p kernel/firmware/acpi
92 cp ssdt.aml kernel/firmware/acpi
94 # Create the uncompressed cpio archive and concatenate the original initrd
96 find kernel | cpio -H newc --create > /boot/instrumented_initrd
97 cat /boot/initrd >>/boot/instrumented_initrd
99 Loading ACPI SSDTs from EFI variables
100 =====================================
102 This is the preferred method, when EFI is supported on the platform, because it
103 allows a persistent, OS independent way of storing the user defined SSDTs. There
104 is also work underway to implement EFI support for loading user defined SSDTs
105 and using this method will make it easier to convert to the EFI loading
106 mechanism when that will arrive.
108 In order to load SSDTs from an EFI variable the efivar_ssdt kernel command line
109 parameter can be used. The argument for the option is the variable name to
110 use. If there are multiple variables with the same name but with different
111 vendor GUIDs, all of them will be loaded.
113 In order to store the AML code in an EFI variable the efivarfs filesystem can be
114 used. It is enabled and mounted by default in /sys/firmware/efi/efivars in all
117 Creating a new file in /sys/firmware/efi/efivars will automatically create a new
118 EFI variable. Updating a file in /sys/firmware/efi/efivars will update the EFI
119 variable. Please note that the file name needs to be specially formatted as
120 "Name-GUID" and that the first 4 bytes in the file (little-endian format)
121 represent the attributes of the EFI variable (see EFI_VARIABLE_MASK in
122 include/linux/efi.h). Writing to the file must also be done with one write
125 For example, you can use the following bash script to create/update an EFI
126 variable with the content from a given file::
130 while ! [ -z "$1" ]; do
132 "-f") filename="$2"; shift;;
133 "-g") guid="$2"; shift;;
141 echo "Syntax: ${0##*/} -f filename [ -g guid ] name"
145 [ -n "$name" -a -f "$filename" ] || usage
147 EFIVARFS="/sys/firmware/efi/efivars"
149 [ -d "$EFIVARFS" ] || exit 2
151 if stat -tf $EFIVARFS | grep -q -v de5e81e4; then
152 mount -t efivarfs none $EFIVARFS
155 # try to pick up an existing GUID
156 [ -n "$guid" ] || guid=$(find "$EFIVARFS" -name "$name-*" | head -n1 | cut -f2- -d-)
158 # use a randomly generated GUID
159 [ -n "$guid" ] || guid="$(cat /proc/sys/kernel/random/uuid)"
161 # efivarfs expects all of the data in one write
163 /bin/echo -ne "\007\000\000\000" | cat - $filename > $tmp
164 dd if=$tmp of="$EFIVARFS/$name-$guid" bs=$(stat -c %s $tmp)
167 Loading ACPI SSDTs from configfs
168 ================================
170 This option allows loading of user defined SSDTs from userspace via the configfs
171 interface. The CONFIG_ACPI_CONFIGFS option must be select and configfs must be
172 mounted. In the following examples, we assume that configfs has been mounted in
175 New tables can be loading by creating new directories in /config/acpi/table/ and
176 writing the SSDT aml code in the aml attribute::
178 cd /config/acpi/table
180 cat ~/ssdt.aml > my_ssdt/aml